Objective To study the association of LPL gene polymorphism with type 2 diabetes and the lipids spectrum in Uygurs. Methods Based on the case-siblings control design, the lipid spectrum of Uygur were tested by Automatic biochemical analyzer and the polymorphism of LPL gene were analyzed by RLFP with Hind Ⅲ in 62 T2DM patients, 62 IGT patients and 124 normal controls of Uygurs. Results The genotype distribution and allele frequencies of LPL gene in three groups were not statistically significant. The average of TG in H+H+group, H-H-group and H+H-group were 2.26, 1.73 and 1.80 mmol/L; Compared with the three genotypes and lipid indicators, TG content of Mutant H +H + group were higher than that in other groups. Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis showed T2DM was closely related to TG (P=0.034)and waist circumference (P=0.001). Conclusion The relation between LPL gene polymorphism by Hind Ⅲ and the risk for T2DM in Xinjiang Uygur population are no statistical relevance, LPL gene mutations may be one of the factors causing elevated levels of plasma TG.

Objective To study the changes in cortical activation of frontal lobes and temporal lobes between schizophrenic patients and comparison subjects during a verbal fluency task by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods Thirteen schizophrenic patients and 8 volunteers were studied during a verbal fluency task performance. fMRI of frontal lobes and temporal lobes was conducted at a GE 1.5 T Signa Horizon LX scanner while the subjects performed the task. Stimulus sequences were divided into six 30-second segments by using a task-activation paradigm that alternated between resting and stimulated states. Results Schizophrenic subjects demonstrated significantly less left frontal activation than comparison subjects during a word fluency task, and comparison subjects showed evidently more activation in left frontal lobes than in the right (P0.05). Conclusion These preliminary data suggest that fMRI has the sensitivity to detect the differences in activation between comparison subjects and schizophrenic patients during higher cortical functions.

Objective To analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of sleep disorders and nocturnal hypoxemia of patients with different degrees of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods Four hundred and twenty-five patients with snoring were scored by Epworth Sleepiness Scale ( ESS), and monitored by polysomnography (PSG). The possible correlations between sleep structure, hypoxia parameters, ESS and clinical features were analyzed and compared in those patients. Results Four hundred and twenty-five patients were divided into 4 groups according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). There were 65 primary snoring patients (15.3%) and 360 OSAHS patients (84. 7% ) including 187 patients (44. 0% ) in severe OSAHS group. ESS was increased as aggravation of OSAHS. There were significant statistical differences in ESS among each group. Compared with primary snoring group, sleep efficiency, NREM1 + 2, oxygen desaturation index ( ODI), time with pulse oxygen saturation below 90% (T(SpO2 <90% ) ) were significantly higher in the OSAHS groups, and NREM3 +4, lowest pulse oxygen saturation level ( LSpO2 ) were lower. ESS was correlated positively with AHI (r= 0. 474,P <0. 01 ). They were both correlated positively with ODI, T (SpO2 <90% ) and NREM1 + 2( ESSr =0. 392, 0. 356,0. 194;AHI r = 0. 714, O. 682, 0. 365, all P < 0. 01 ), and correlated negatively with LSpO2, NREM3 + 4 ( ESS r = - 0. 414, - 0. 196; AHI r = - 0. 740, - 0. 385, both P < 0. 01 ). LSpO2, ODI and T (SpO2 < 90% ) were the primary influencing factors. Common clinical presentations and subjective symptoms were presented including daytime sleepiness, impaired memory, fatigue, dry mouth, oppressive wake and morning headache, etc. Percentage of individuals with daytime sleepiness in the severe OSAHS group was 73. 3% (137/187). These had serious impact on the patients' quality of life, leading to difficulty concentrating, poor memory and cognitive impairment. Conclusions Sleep disorders are found in the patients with different degrees of OSAHS. The excessive daytime sleepiness interrelated partly with the structure of sleep, and totally with hypoxia parameters. The more severity the patients have, the more nocturnal hypoxia, sleep disorders and higher ESS are found.

Objective To investigate the cognitive characteristics and vascular risk factor between early onset de?pression and late onset depression in late life depression and provide a clue to elucidate the cause of cognitive impairment in late life depression. Method Fifty-six late life depression patients were recruited in our hospital, including 29 early on?set depression patients and 27 late onset depression patients. 25 controls were recruited from Guangzhou community. Cog?nitive evaluation were conducted in all the patients and controls, including MMSE, memory, attention, language, visuospa?tial abilities,executive function and Framingham vascular risk assessment, and analyze the cognitive and vascular risk be?tween the patients. Result There were statistically significant differences in overall cognitive assessment MMSE(24.8 ± 2.9,22.8±3.5,P=0.030), symbol digit modalities test(SDMT)(29.8±10.5, 22.9±11.8, P=0.028), clock drawing test(CDT) (3.6 ± 0.8, 2.9 ± 1.3, P=0.006) and trail making test(TMT) (60.4 ± 20.6, 74.7 ± 28.8, P=0.027) between late onset depression and early onset depression. In addition, the score of vascular risk assessment was significant between late onset depression and early onset depression(14.6±2.7,12.3±2.2,P=0.001). Conclusion Compare with early onset depression, late onset de?pression has much severe cognitive impairments and increased vascular risk factors.

Objective: To understand the prevalence and associated factors of school bullying among primary and secondary school students in Haidian District, and to provide scientific basis for intervention plan. Methods: From September to October 2021, 1 906 primary and secondary school students in Haidian District were selected by stratified cluster random sampling for electronic questionnaire survey,an electronic questionnaire survey was conducted on students by using the questionnaire of the Student Health Status and Influencing Factors Questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of campus bullying among primary and secondary school students in Haidian District was 4.3%, of which primary school (7.6%) > junior middle school (4.1%) > vocational high school (2.5%) > senior high school (1.9%) ( χ 2=23.49, P ＜0.01), boys (5.5%) were more than girls (3.0%) ( χ 2=7.44, P ＜ 0.01 ), students from abnormal families (6.9%) were higher than students from normal families (3.9%) ( χ 2=4.24, P =0.04). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that students in primary school had a higher risk of being bullied in school ( OR =2.13). Abnormal family ( OR = 1.07 ), smoking experience ( OR =2.28), experience of being beaten and scolded by parents( OR =2.49) and fighting behavior ( OR =1.84) were positively correlated with school bullying ( P <0.05). Conclusion Campus bullying is prevalent in primary and secondary schools in Haidian District, which warrents further attention of schools and education departments. Family school partnership and targeted prevention and intervention measures for key populations are expected.

Objective: To analyze the influencing factors of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks caused by norovirus in Beijing from 2014 to 2018. Methods: Data of acute gastroenteritis events caused by norovirus in Beijing from April 2014 to March 2018 were collected. Unconditional logistic regression model was conducted to identify the risk factors of the outbreaks. Results: A total of 765 acute gastroenteritis epidemics caused by norovirus were reported in Beijing, in which 85.88% (657/765) were cluster events and 14.12% (108/765) were outbreaks. Among the outbreaks, 70.37% (76/108) were reported in 2017; 84.26% (91/108) were reported in winter and spring; 88.89% (96/108) were reported in kindergartens, primary or secondary schools; 81.48% (88/108) were through person-to-person transmission; 93.52% (101/108) were caused by norovirus GⅡ infection. The risk of outbreaks in suburban and out suburb area were 1.84 times (95%CI: 1.13-3.02) and 3.78 times (95%CI: 1.62-8.82) as high as that in urban area, respectively. The risks of outbreaks in primary, secondary schools and other institutions were 6.26 times (95%CI: 3.53-11.10), 14.98 times (95%CI: 6.23-36.01) and 8.71 times (95%CI: 3.07-24.71) as high as that in kindergartens, respectively. The risk of outbreak in which patients having lower hospital visiting rate than the median rate of all events was 2.29 times than that in the context of having higher hospital visiting rate (95%CI:1.42-3.68). The risk of foodborne outbreak was 14.55 times as high as that transmitted through person-to-person (95%CI: 3.15-67.07). Conclusion Measures such as strengthening the prevention and control of norovirus outbreaks in suburbs, primary schools, secondary schools and other institutions, promoting patients to visit the hospital actively, improving the management of foodborne events and kitchen workers should be taken to reduce the incidence of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks caused by norovirus.

Objective:To provide evidence for clinical diagnosis, prevention and control of group A rotavirus (RVA) diarrhea, the clinical characteristics of RVA diarrhea in children in Beijing from 2011 to 2018 were analyzed.Methods:From January 2011 to December 2018, 4 819 stool samples from children under 5 years old with diarrhea were collected monthly from 3 hospitals in Beijing. General information, clinical characteristics and other information of children were collected. RVA was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), genotype was identified by multiple semi-nested RT-PCR. The Vesikari clinical severity score was used to define the severity of diarrhea in children. Dichotomous unconditional logistic regression was used to analyze clinical symptoms and other differences between RVA positive and negative cases. Chi-square and Fisher direct probability tests were used to compare the composition among different groups.Results:A total of 4 819 fecal samples were collected, 953 were positive for RVA, the positive detection rate was 19.78%. The positive rate of RVA was high in the younger age group, and the incidence was high in winter and spring. RVA-positive children had more risk on diarrhea ≥5 times a day, vomiting symptoms, fever, mild dehydration, and Vesikari score ≥11. The positive rate of RVA in watery stool samples (26.13%, 214/819) and infectious diarrhea cases (42.20%, 265/628) was the highest respectively. There were no significant differences in clinical symptoms, clinical diagnoses and fecal traits among children with different RVA genotypes.Conclusions:The clinical symptoms of RVA diarrhea were severe in children. RVA genotype did not affect the clinical symptoms. Stool traits (watery stools) and Vesikari score can assist physicians in diagnosing RVA diarrhea.

Objective:To understand the gene characteristics of Sapovirus from diarrhea cases in diarrhoeal disease clinics in Beijing.Methods:In 2019, stool samples were collected from diarrhea cases in diarrhoeal disease clinics in Beijing. The samples were used for the detection of nucleic acid of Sapovirus with real-time RT-PCR. Different RT-PCR methods were used for the partial gene segment amplification in the capsid protein VP1 region and the polymerase RdRp region, and sequencing was conducted for amplified positive products. The sequences were aligned with software BioEdit 7.0.9.0 and analyzed with software Mega 6.06.Results:The overall detection rate of Sapovirus was 2.89% (44/1 522), the detection rate in children under 5 years old was 3.34% (18/539) and 2.64% (26/983) in children aged ≥5 years. The capsid protein VP1 region was sequenced in 23 strains belonging to 8 genotypes (GⅠ.2 had 6 strains, GⅠ.1 and GⅡ.3 had 5 strains, respectively, GⅠ.3 and GⅡ.5 had 2 strains, respectively, GⅠ.5, GⅡ.1 and GⅣ.1 had 1 strain, respectively). A total of 16 strains were detected in the cases aged ≥5 years, and the proportion of GⅠ.2 was highest (37.50%, 6/16), and 7 strains were detected in the cases under 5 years old, the proportions of GⅠ.1 and GⅡ.3 were highest (both 42.86%, 3/7); The internal similarity of each genotype was 95.5%-100.0%, and the similarity with the 51 reference strains of human or sewage sources in different years and different countries was 92.2%-100.0%. The polymerase RdRp region was sequenced in 25 strains belonging to 8 genotypes (GⅡ.P3 had 9 strains, GⅠ.P3 had 4 strains, GⅠ.P1, GⅠ.P2 and GⅡ.P1 had 3 strains, respectively, GⅠ.P5, GⅡ.P5 and GⅣ.P1 had 1 strain, respectively). Fifteen strains were detected in the cases aged ≥5 years, and GⅡ.P3 had the highest proportion (40.00%, 6/15). Ten strains were detected in the cases under 5 years old, and the proportions of GⅠ. P1, GⅡ.P1 and GⅡ.P3 were highest (all 30.00%, 3/10); The internal similarity of each genotype was 94.0%-100.0%, and the similarity with the 39 reference strains of human or sewage sources in different years and different countries was 90.2%-99.1%.Conclusions:Sapovirus is one of the pathogens among diarrhea cases in Beijing. The main genome is GⅠ and GⅡ, and the genotypes are diverse and dispersed. The main genotypes of diarrhea cases in people aged ≥5 years and less than 5 years are different.

Objective To investigate the rotavirus contamination in commercial oysters in Beijing. Methods Between February 2014 and March 2015, a total of 280 oysters were collected in a large aquatic market in Beijing, and 5 oysters per stall were collected and classified as one sample.The samples were processed using three kinds of methods:direct treatment, PEG ( polyethylene glycol) 8 000 precipitation and proteinase K digestion-PEG 8 000 precipitation.Group A rotaviruses were detected by real time RT-PCR, and G/P genotyping was performed using the semi-nested RT-PCR.The VP7 and VP4 genes of positive samples were amplified, sequenced, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood method with MEGA software ( version 6.06 ) .Results The detection rates of group A rotaviruses of three methods (direct treatment, PEG 8 000 precipitation and proteinase K digestion-PEG 8 000 precipitation) were 3.57%(2/56), 7.14%(4/56) and 5.38% (3/56), respectively.Rotaviruses were detected in 8 oysters samples ( 14.29%) , which were collected during autumn and winter . The G/P genotype combination included G9/P[8] (2 strains) and G9/P[N] (6 strains).The VP7 genes of 3 strains and the VP4 gene of one strain were sequenced successfully, and the phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that these strains had the highest similarity to those G9/P[8] strains prevailing in recent years in China.Conclusion Group A rotaviruses were detected in some commercial oysters during autumn and winter in Beijing, indicating a risk of foodborne illness.

Objective:To investigate the contamination of ball lettuce sold by norovirus and rotavirus in Beijing.Methods:From November 2015 to October 2016, 54 samples were collected at a market stall in Beijing. The potentially existing viruses were eluted and concentrated from the ball lettuce leaves using centrifugation and direct methods corresponding to three kinds of eluants. Norovirus and rotavirus were detected by real time RT-PCR. The partial VP1 gene of norovirus was amplified by semi-nested RT-PCR. The PCR product was sequenced directly, the sequence alignment was performed using the BioEdit 7.0.9.0 software, the phylogenetic tree was constructed with the MEGA 6.06 software.Results:Among 54 pieces of ball lettuce, rotavirus was detected negative, and the detection rate of norovirus was 11.11% (6/54). Of these NoV-positive specimens, 3 (50.0%) were NoV GII, 1 (16.7%) was NoV GI, and 2 (33.33%) were a mix of NoV GI and GII, The detection rates in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 8.3% (1/12), 0.0% (0/8), 28.6% (4/14) and 5.0% (1/20), respectively. One strain was sequenced successfully and identified as GII.3 genotype. The strain shares 100.0% nucleotide identity with strain KY348698 isolated from human in Guangdong in 2014.Conclusions:Human norovirus contamination existed in some ball lettuce sold in Beijing, eating raw unwashed ball lettuce may indicate a risk of viral acute gastroenteritis.