Six new oleanane-type saponins, arilloside A-F (Ⅰ～Ⅵ), along with a known saponin, polygalasaponin ⅩⅩⅩⅤ(Ⅶ), were isolated from the root of Polygala arillata Buch.-Ham.. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated as 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-(3, 4-di-O-acetyl)-β-D-fucopyranoside(Ⅰ); 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-β-D-fucopyranoside(Ⅱ); 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-(3,4-di-O-acetyl)-β-D-fucopyranoside(Ⅲ); 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→3)-[β-D-galactopyranosyl (1→4)]-β-D-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-β-D-fucopyranoside(Ⅳ); 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→3)-[β-D-galactopyranosyl (1→4)]-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-(3-O-acetyl)-β-D-fucopyranoside(Ⅴ) and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→3)-[β-D-galactopyranosyl (1→4)]-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-(3,4-di-O-acetyl)-β-D-fucopyranoside(Ⅵ) on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods.

backbone. The existing form of Ca and P in the skeletons of Sailong and tiger was mainly Ca 10(PO 4) 6(OH) 2. Conclusion The mineral element contents in the skeletons of Sailong and tiger bone have the comparability. It shows that the contents of essential trace elements in Sailong bone are prior to those in tiger bone, significantly.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Nano-Se with lower toxicity on the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin. Method: For toxicity comparison, mice were orally administered Nano-Se and sodium selenite to observe death, body weight loss and liver injury. As to the protective effect of Nano-Se on the toxicity of cisplatin, mice with and without Nano-Se supplementation were injected cisplatin to observe death and body weight loss. For evaluation of whether Nano-Se influence the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin, Lewis lung carcinoma was transplanted into mice, and the survivor and tumor volume were recorded to compare the effect of Nano-Se supplementation on cisplatin. Results: The toxicity of Nano-Se is significantly lower than sodium selenite. Nano-Se can decrease toxicity of cisplatin without compromising its anti-tumor effect. Conclusion: Nano-Se with lower toxicity can improve the therapeutic effect of cisplatin.

Objective To explore the effects of hypoxia on the growth,mitochondria distribution and function of mouse embryonic fibroblasts(MEFs).Methods MEFs were sub-cultured in the hypoxia group containing 5％ oxygen and normal oxygen group containing 20％ oxygen,every 24 hours,living MEFs were counted by using trypan blue staining.Mito-Tracker Green was used to stain mitochondria,then cells were observed by using laser confocal microscope.The ATP kit was used to detect ATP synthesis.Results During the logarithmic phase,the numbers of living cells in the hypoxia group were higher than those in the normal oxygen group,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The percentages of perinuclear mitochondrial in the hypoxia group were higher than those in the normal oxygen group,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Meanwhile,the significant difference was found in the ATP level between the two groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion The distribution of mitochondria in MEFs and energy synthesis are influenced by the hypoxic culture condition,which could be better for promoting cell growth compared with normal oxygen culture condition.

Objective To explore the method how PDX1 gene modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human umbilical cord can be differentiated into islet β-like cells in vitro. Methods Recombined adenovirus vectors inserted with PDX1 (Adxsi-CMV-PDX1) was transfected into MSCs and multiple cytokines was combined to induce differentiation. The expressions of PDX1, insulin, ngn3, glut2,NKX6.1 were examined by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining. The levels of insulin and C peptide secretion were examined by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Flow cytometry was used to determine the positive rate of insulin cells. Results After Adxsi-CMV-PDX1 transfection and cytokines induction, MSCs were transformed from short spindle shape to long spindle shape and aggregated into islet-like cell clusters.Dithizone staining of these cells showed bright red color. PDX1, ngn3, NKX6.1, insulin, glut 2 mRNA were expressed in cells 17d after induction. Insulin and C peptide were expressed in cytoplasm. The levels of insulin and C peptide in cell culture supernatant were (473.1 ± 51.5)mU/L and (1.61 ± 0.41)ng/ml; the levels of insulin and C peptide secretion were (964.4 ± 68.1) mU/L, (3.72 ± 1.52) ng/mL, respectively, with 25 mmol/L glucose stimulation for one hour. Insulin (+) cells rate (11.6 ± 4.8) %. Conclusions Adxsi-CMV-PDX1 combined with cytokines can induce MSCs from human umbilical cord to differentiate into islet β-like cells.They can secret insulin and C peptide, and have the sensitivity to the stimulation of glucose.

Objective:With selenomethionine as reference,we investigated the bioavailability and toxicity of methylselenocysteine. Method:Selenium retention,glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase activities were tested to compare bioavailability. Acute toxicity and short-term selenium-tolerance were studied to compare toxicity. Results:Selenomethionine and methylselenocysteine were comparable in ability of increasing selenoenzymes. Selenomethionine caused much higher selenium retention,especially at higher levels and lower toxicity indicated by acute toxicity and short-term selenium-tolerance. Conclusion:Compared with selenomethionine,methylselenocysteine has equal efficacy on selenoenzymes with the characterization of less retention,but higher toxicity.

Objective To investigate risk factors for early postoperative complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD).Methods Clinical data of 221 patients undergoing PD in our hospital between September 2005 and January 2009 were collected and reviewed retrospectively,the risk factors in relation to early postoperative complications were analyzed with SPSS 15.0 software.Results The incidence of early postoperative complications was 17.6％.Univariate analysis showed that age ( ≥65 years),preoperative total serum bilirubin level ( ≥ 171 μmol/L),preoperative serum albumin level ( ≤30 g/L),intraoperative blood transfusion ( ≥ 1000 ml),operation time ( ≥5 h) were the relative risk factors,Logistic regression analysis revealed that age (≥ 65 years),preoperative serum albumin level ( ≤30 g/L),intraoperative blood transfusion ( ≥ 1000 ml),operation time ( ≥5 h) were the independent risk factors for early complications.Conclusions The risk of postoperative complications after PD is still high,so the dicision to perform a PD should be strictly balanced against its risk.For older or poor risk patients,preoperative management should be enhanced.The set up of surgical team may help standardize operation procedures control intraoperative bleeding,therefore decrease the incidence of postoperative complications after PD.

Objective To explore the effects of childhood abuse on leptin level in blood plasma of adult depression patients.Methods 106 depression patients were included in this study.Children abuse status,severity of depression anxiety were assessed with the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ),Hamil-ton rating scale for depression ( HAMD) and Hamilton rating scale for anxiety ( HAMA) .According to CTQ score subjects were divided into abuse group ( n=38) and non-abuse group ( n=68) .Leptin levels were de-termined using the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay.Results Of 106 depression patients 35.85%( n=38) had been abused in childhood according to the result of CTQ score.There were significant differences between the abuse group and the non-abuse group in the age of first onset,sex ratio,the total score of the HAMD-24,the total score of HAMA.Leptin level of abuse group ((4.989±2.820)μg/L) was lower than that in non-abuse group((7.324±4.941)μg/L, P<0.05) and control group ((9.811±7.353)μg/L, P<0.01).Leptin level in non-abuse group was lower than that in control group ( P<0.01).Conclusion Childhood abuse obviously influences lep-tin levels of adult depression patients,which may be a risk factor of adult depression development.

Three hundred and ninety five patients with bronchial asthma were randomly divided into 4 groups:patients in group A received inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate(BDP)100μg and Zhichuan decoction;patients in group B were given inhaled BDP 200μg;patients in group C took Zhichuan decoction only;patients in group D were given inhaled BDP 100 μg.Methacholine airway reactivity,pulmonary ventilation function,serum acidophilia cationic protein and symptom score were determined before and after treatment.All above indicators were significantly improved in groups A and B,which suggests that Zhichuan decoction could reduce hormone dosage in control of airway chronic inflammation,reduction of airway reactivity and improvement of pulmonary ventilation function of patients with bronchial asthma.

Objective To study the feature of bone metabolism in different phase of elder type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients.Methods One hundred and fifty elder type 2 DN patients (non-microalbuminuria group,microalbuminuria group,clinic proteinuria group,DN renal inadequacy group and DN uremia group,each group was 30 cases),60 elder non-DN patients in chronic renal failure (CRF) (non-DN renal inadequacy group and non-DN uremia group,each group was 30 cases) ,and 30 elder healthy people (control group) were selected to observe the changes of osteocalcin (OT),β -crosslaps,parathyroid hormone ( iPTH),alkaline phosphatase (AKP),serum calcium (Ca),serum phosphorus (P) and Ca × P.Results In non-microalbuminuria group,microalbuminuria group and clinic proteinuria group,OT and β -crosslaps levels were lower than those in control group,and the lowest in microalbuminunia group (P＜0.01).In DN renal inadequacy group and DN uremia group,OT and β -crosslaps levels were higher than those in control group(P＜0.01).In the phase of CRF,OT,β -crosslaps and iPTH had no statistic difference between DN patients and non-DN patients,but had linear correlation.Serum P level was higher in DN renal inadequacy group and DN uremia group than that in control group(P＜0.01).Either DN or non-DN,serum P had more influence to Ca × P than serum Ca.Conclusions In the different phase of elder type 2 DNpatients,the effect of bone metabolism is different because of the different injury of renal function.Bone metabolism in the different phase has respective feature and mechanism,with low turnover in the first and high turnover in the end.