Objective:To find out the role of JNK/SAPK signaling-transduction pathway in the effect of elemene against hepatocarcinoma, offering the clue to ilustrate the molecular mechanisms of antitumor effects of elemene. Methods: The detection of the distribution of elemene in Hca-F cells was detected by gas chomatography and apoptotic changes in elemene treated. SMMC7721 cells were examined by TEM. After elemene treatment, the activation of JNK/SAPK in HepG2 cellls and the DAXX gene expression in SMMC7721 cells were detected by Western blotting and RT-PCR respectively. Results: Gas chomatography showed that elemene was detected at 8. 42 minute. The SMMMC7721 cells treated by elemene for 3 hours began to show typical apoptotic changes . The JNK/SAPK activity in HepG2 cell treated with heat shock was the highest of all groups and the group treated with elemene was the next and the control group is the lowest one. There was no DAXX gene expression in SMMC7721 cells treated with elemene. Conclusion: Elemene can diffuse into cells. Tumor cell apoptosis treated with elemene may be induced by JNK/SAPK activating and DAXX signal pathway may not play key role in JNK/SAPK activation induced by elemene.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of soft contact lenses on corneal diseases. Methods A total of 70 cases (82 eyes) of corneal diseases in the treatment group were treated with therapeutic soft contact lenses combined with topical antibiotic eye drops and artificial tears, but 64 cases (81 eyes) suffering from corneal diseases in the control group were treated with eye drops and eye ointments. ? 2 test was used to compare the cure rate of corneal epithelial defects and corneal ulcers caused by chemical and thermal burns between the two groups. Double sample t test was used to compare the average treatment time between the two groups. Results The cure rates of the corneal epithelial defects and corneal ulcers caused by chemical injury and thermal burn in the treatment group and the control group were 83% and 57%, respectively. In the treatment group, 100% patients with bullous keratopathy and 90% patients with dry eye disease were free from symptoms after wearing the lenses, but in the control group, the percentages were 50% and 63.6%, respectively. In the treatment group, 3 cases (4 eyes) of corneal epithelial defects caused by explosive injury and 3 cases of corneal epithelial defects after lameller keratoplasty were all cured, and 4 cases(4 eyes) of corneal perforations were healed. In the control group, 1 out of the 2 cases of corneal epithelial defects caused by explosive injury was cured, and 4 cases of corneal epithelial defects after lamellar keratoplasty surgery were cured, but 2 cases (2 eyes) of corneal perforation failed in the therapy, and corneal surgery was performed. In the treatment group, the cure rates of corneal epithelial defects or corneal ulcers caused by chemical injury and thermal burn were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P

The clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has significantly improved the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. With the widespread applica-tion of ICIs in HCC, the management of immune-related adverse events (irAE) gained more and more attention. However, the complicated disease characteristics and various combination therapies in HCC throw out challenges to irAE management. Therefore, the editorial board of the 'Chinese expert consensus on the management of immune-related adverse events of hepatocellular carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (2021 edition)' organizes multidisciplinary experts to discuss and formulate this consensus. The consensus focuses on issues related to HCC irAE manage-ment, and puts forward suggestions, in order to improve standardized and safety clinical medication, so as to maximize the benefits of immunotherapy for patients.