Tetrandrine (Tet) is a bibenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Stephania tetrandra S Morr. Lots of studies demonstrated that Tet could: ① act as a calcium antagonist via blocking plasma membrane voltage- or receptor-operating calcium channels, inhibiting extracellular calcium entry and intracellular calcium mobilization, so it could prevent hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes, pancreas cells and neurocytes from toxic or ischemia-reperfusion injuries. However, in HL-60 and leukamia T cells, Tet promoted calcium releasing from mitochondria or/and microsomes and induced these cells death. ② down-regulate T cell protein kinase C signal transduction pathway, inhibit T cell proliferation, interleukin-2 secretion and expression of the T cell activation antigen. It could also interrupted integrity of macrophages, reduced neutrophiles and macrophages respiratory-bursting and proinflammatory cytokines secretion through minimizing nuclear transcription factor kappa B DNA binding activity. ③ induce tumor cells apoptosis. ④ down-regulate P glucoprotein activity and reverse tumor cells multidrug resistance. ⑤ also inhibit platelet-derived growth factor induced hepaticstellate cells and human lung fibroblast proliferation, down-regulete type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen secretion. In this article, we also reviewed the therapeutic effects of Tet on hepatic fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, portal hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, anti-inflammation and anti-tumors.

Objective To reseach the effects of diazepam under different cerebral temperature on the concentration of glutamate(Glu), ?-aminobutyric acid (GABA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX) and malonaldehyde(MDA) in cerebral ischemia tissue of rat. Methods The modle of cerebral middle artery occlusion reperfusion of rats was established to induce the target cerebral temperatue.The concentration of Glu, GABA, SOD, GSH-PX and MDA were detected in mild hyperthermia, ordinary temperature and subhypothermia groups respectively. Results (1)Compared with the sham-operation group under normal temperature,the concentration of Glu, MDA had increased obviously in the control group of focal cerebral ischemia and the group using diazepam under normal temperature (all P0.05),but the concentration of GABA had increased markedly in the groups of normal temperature using diazepam (P0.05).(3)Compared with the control group using diazepam under normal temperature,the concentration of Glu and MDA increased obviuosly(all P0.05).The concentration of Glu and MDA in the groups of hypothermia using diazepam was lower markedly (P

Aim To study the role of ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1)involved in the pro-tective effect of fluoxetine against monocrotaline-in-duced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats.Meth-ods Monocrotaline (60 mg·kg -1 )was used to es-tablish pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats and low-dose (2 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 )or high-dose (10 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 )fluoxetine was applied to inhibit pulmonary ar-terial hypertension.The hemodynamics,morphology of pulmonary arterioles and lungs,UCH-L1 protein ex-pression and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)nuclear trans-location were observed.Results Monocrotaline not only increased pulmonary arterial pressure and promo-ted pulmonary arterial remodelling and lung inflamma-tion,but also down-regulated UCH-L1 protein expres-sion and increased NF-κB activity in lungs.Fluoxetine inhibited these changes in a dose-dependent manner. However,UCH-L1 protein expression of pulmonary ar-teries did not significantly change among different groups.Conclusion Fluoxetine inhibits monocrotal-ine-induced lung inflammation in rats,involved in NF-κB activity inhibited by up-regulated UCH-L1 protein expression.

Objective To explore the possibility of anterior open reduction and internal fixation to treat the lower cervical irreducible dislocation. Methods 15 cases of lower cervical irreducible dislocation were treated by the anterior open reduction and internal fixation, 11 cases were male and 4 cases were female, 10 cases were unilateral facet locked and 5 eases were bilateral facet locked which were confirmed by the MRI and CT scan. All the cases were failed to the skull traction before operation and received anterior open reduction and plate fixation, and interver-tebral fusion. All the cases were followed up, the recovery of neurological function and the fusion rate were evaluated. Results 15 cases were completely reduction and none of them got a worse neurological function. Conclusion The treatment effect of anterior open reduction and fixation for the lower cervical irreducible dislocation were good.

Objective To explore the effect of robot-assisted gait training on the lower limb motor function and gait ability in patients with hemiplegia after stroke. Methods From January, 2015 to October 2016, 60 patients with hemiplegia after stroke were randomly divided into control group (n=30) and experimental group (n=30). Both groups received conventional rehabilitation, while the experimental group was given robot-assisted gait training and the control group was given artificial assisted gait training, 30 minutes a day, five days a week for eight weeks. They were evaluated with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Limb (FMA-LE), muscle strength of hip flexion (L-FORCE/HIP/Flex, FHF) and knee extension (L-FORCE/KNEE/Ext, FKE), Six Minutes Walking Distance and Ten Meters Walking Time before and after training. Results There was no significant difference in general data and all indexes between two groups before training (P>0.05). The scores of all the indexes improved in the experimental group after training (t>2.274, P<0.05), and all of them were better in the experimental group than in the control group (t>2.095, P<0.05), except FKE. Conclusion Robot-assisted gait training can effectively improve the lower limb motor function and gait ability of patients with hemiplegia after stroke.

Objective To compare the effect of two different treatment approaches on femoral shaft fractures in polytrauma patients.Methods One hundred and forty-eight polytrauma patients were selected as our subjects,who were hospitalized from Jan.2000 to Dec.2009.They were randomly divided into cast group and external fixation group.Patients in cast group were fixed with cast within the first 24 h after the injury and patients in external fixation group were stabilized with a unilateral external fix stent within the first 24 h after the injury.Results In cast group,71 of 75 patients were followed up and follow up periods was 26.4 months.Follow up data showed that 18 patients developed multiple organ failure (MOF) and 26 patients developed ARDS.The average healed periods was 5.9 month.Three patients developed nonunion and 4 cases developed wound infection.The average of the knee motion angle was 107 degrees (60 to 110 degrees).In external fixation group,68 patients were followed up and the follow-up period was 27.5 months.Of which,13 patients developed MOF and 12 patients developed ARDS.The average healed periods was 5.6 months.2 patients developed nonunion and 3 cases developed for.wound infection.The average of the knee motion angle was 120 degrees (60 to 140 degrees).Conclusion The damage control orthopedics surgery was proved as a safe and effective treatment approach for fractures of the shaft of the femur in selected multiply injured patients compared with cast methods.

Objective To observe the effects of Yukouning on immunologic function in recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) patients with brimming heat of heart and spleen (BHHS type).Methods The study was composed of 30 patients with RAU (BHHS type) and 30 healthy individuals.All patients with RAU (BHHS type) were divided into levomisole group and Yukouning group (n =15).Patients of levomisole group were give 50 mg of levomisole,bid,lasted two days.Patients of Yukouning group were give Yukouning decoction.The changes of the class of T-cells and the levels of immunoglobulins (IgA,IgG,IgM) and complement (C3,C4) in different groups were tested by flow cytometry (FCM) and single immunodiffusion method.Results The levels of CD8+,IgG,IgA,C3 and C4 in RAU (BHHS type) patients increased significantly as compared with those in healthy group (P ＜ 0.05).The level of CD4+ and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ decreased significantly as compared with those in healthy group (P ＜0.05).Furthermore,the levels of CD8+,IgG,IgA,C3 and C4 in RAU (BHHS type) patients decreased significantly after different drug treatment,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).At the same time,the level of CD8+ and the ratio of CD4+ / CD8+ increased significantly after different drug treatment,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).But all the above-mentioned indexes had no significant differences between the two drug groups (P ＞ 0.05).After 1-year follow-up,the effective rate (both 93.3％) had no significant difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Imbalance of immune function is correlated with RAU (BHHS type).Yukouning plays a therapeutic role by regulating cellular and humoral immunity in RAU (BHHS type) patients.

Objective To investigate the relationship of single nucleotide polymorphism (4G/5G) in the promoter of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and plasma PAI-1 level with gastrointestinal bleeding in Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura (HSP). Methods A total of 524 children with HSP in acute phase were recruited, and divided into gastrointestinal bleeding group (bleeding group, n?=?186) and non-gastrointestinal bleeding group (control group, n?=?338). The genotype frequency of 4G/5G polymorphism, the plasma PAI-1 level, and other parameters related to coagulation and ifbrinolysis were measured and compared between two groups. Results The levels of platelet count (PLT), platelet distribution width (PDW), serum D dimer (DD), serum PAI-1 were signiifcantly higher in the bleeding group than those in the control group, and the levels of mean platelet volume (MPV) and plasma ifbronectin protein of ifbrinogen (FIB) were signiifcantly lower in the bleeding group than those in the control group (P?

Objective Two insect resistance genes Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) crystal protein gene CryIA(c) and cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene CpTI were introduced into tetraploid Isatis indigotica to enhance the resistance to moths.Methods I.indigotica was transformed with a plasmid,pGBI121S4ABC,containing CryIA(c) Bt and CpTI and the selectable gene(Npt-Ⅱ) driven by the CaMV35S promoter via Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 mediated transformation.Then PCR and Southern blotting assay were conducted followed by moth bioassay test.Results Co-transgenic rate of the two genes in tetraploid I.indigotica was 16.67%.The integration and expression of introduced genes in T0 regenerated transgenic plants were confirmed by Southern blotting assays.Insect bioassay test demonstrated transgenic lines had significant inhibition to moths,compared with wild type control.Conclusion Co-transformation of Bt and CpTI genes is an effective strategy to enhance the resistance to moths for tetraploid I.indigotica.