Tetrandrine (Tet) is a bibenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Stephania tetrandra S Morr. Lots of studies demonstrated that Tet could: ① act as a calcium antagonist via blocking plasma membrane voltage- or receptor-operating calcium channels, inhibiting extracellular calcium entry and intracellular calcium mobilization, so it could prevent hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes, pancreas cells and neurocytes from toxic or ischemia-reperfusion injuries. However, in HL-60 and leukamia T cells, Tet promoted calcium releasing from mitochondria or/and microsomes and induced these cells death. ② down-regulate T cell protein kinase C signal transduction pathway, inhibit T cell proliferation, interleukin-2 secretion and expression of the T cell activation antigen. It could also interrupted integrity of macrophages, reduced neutrophiles and macrophages respiratory-bursting and proinflammatory cytokines secretion through minimizing nuclear transcription factor kappa B DNA binding activity. ③ induce tumor cells apoptosis. ④ down-regulate P glucoprotein activity and reverse tumor cells multidrug resistance. ⑤ also inhibit platelet-derived growth factor induced hepaticstellate cells and human lung fibroblast proliferation, down-regulete type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen secretion. In this article, we also reviewed the therapeutic effects of Tet on hepatic fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, portal hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, anti-inflammation and anti-tumors.

Objective To reseach the effects of diazepam under different cerebral temperature on the concentration of glutamate(Glu), ?-aminobutyric acid (GABA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX) and malonaldehyde(MDA) in cerebral ischemia tissue of rat. Methods The modle of cerebral middle artery occlusion reperfusion of rats was established to induce the target cerebral temperatue.The concentration of Glu, GABA, SOD, GSH-PX and MDA were detected in mild hyperthermia, ordinary temperature and subhypothermia groups respectively. Results (1)Compared with the sham-operation group under normal temperature,the concentration of Glu, MDA had increased obviously in the control group of focal cerebral ischemia and the group using diazepam under normal temperature (all P0.05),but the concentration of GABA had increased markedly in the groups of normal temperature using diazepam (P0.05).(3)Compared with the control group using diazepam under normal temperature,the concentration of Glu and MDA increased obviuosly(all P0.05).The concentration of Glu and MDA in the groups of hypothermia using diazepam was lower markedly (P

Aim To study the role of ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1)involved in the pro-tective effect of fluoxetine against monocrotaline-in-duced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats.Meth-ods Monocrotaline (60 mg·kg -1 )was used to es-tablish pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats and low-dose (2 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 )or high-dose (10 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 )fluoxetine was applied to inhibit pulmonary ar-terial hypertension.The hemodynamics,morphology of pulmonary arterioles and lungs,UCH-L1 protein ex-pression and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)nuclear trans-location were observed.Results Monocrotaline not only increased pulmonary arterial pressure and promo-ted pulmonary arterial remodelling and lung inflamma-tion,but also down-regulated UCH-L1 protein expres-sion and increased NF-κB activity in lungs.Fluoxetine inhibited these changes in a dose-dependent manner. However,UCH-L1 protein expression of pulmonary ar-teries did not significantly change among different groups.Conclusion Fluoxetine inhibits monocrotal-ine-induced lung inflammation in rats,involved in NF-κB activity inhibited by up-regulated UCH-L1 protein expression.

Objective To explore the possibility of anterior open reduction and internal fixation to treat the lower cervical irreducible dislocation. Methods 15 cases of lower cervical irreducible dislocation were treated by the anterior open reduction and internal fixation, 11 cases were male and 4 cases were female, 10 cases were unilateral facet locked and 5 eases were bilateral facet locked which were confirmed by the MRI and CT scan. All the cases were failed to the skull traction before operation and received anterior open reduction and plate fixation, and interver-tebral fusion. All the cases were followed up, the recovery of neurological function and the fusion rate were evaluated. Results 15 cases were completely reduction and none of them got a worse neurological function. Conclusion The treatment effect of anterior open reduction and fixation for the lower cervical irreducible dislocation were good.

Objective To explore the effect of robot-assisted gait training on the lower limb motor function and gait ability in patients with hemiplegia after stroke. Methods From January, 2015 to October 2016, 60 patients with hemiplegia after stroke were randomly divided into control group (n=30) and experimental group (n=30). Both groups received conventional rehabilitation, while the experimental group was given robot-assisted gait training and the control group was given artificial assisted gait training, 30 minutes a day, five days a week for eight weeks. They were evaluated with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Limb (FMA-LE), muscle strength of hip flexion (L-FORCE/HIP/Flex, FHF) and knee extension (L-FORCE/KNEE/Ext, FKE), Six Minutes Walking Distance and Ten Meters Walking Time before and after training. Results There was no significant difference in general data and all indexes between two groups before training (P>0.05). The scores of all the indexes improved in the experimental group after training (t>2.274, P<0.05), and all of them were better in the experimental group than in the control group (t>2.095, P<0.05), except FKE. Conclusion Robot-assisted gait training can effectively improve the lower limb motor function and gait ability of patients with hemiplegia after stroke.

Objective To assess the effects of different administration timing of prophylactic antibiotics on infections after hip arthroplasty. Methods 535 patients having undergone arthroplasty were divided into two groups: the experiment group (n=273)and the control group (n=262): The former groupwere administered with antibiotics until 24 hours postoperatively and the latter until 72 hours postoperatively. The two groups were compared in terms of postoperative infection rate. Results The infection rates in the experimental groupand the control group were 4.396%and 3..817%, with insignificant differencebetween them. Conclusion For those patients undergoing hip arthroplasty, extended administration of antibiotics after operation (over 48 hours) may not reduce the risk of recent the infection rate.

Resource of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one of the greatest treasures of China. It made magnif-icent contribution in Chinese lives and breeds. Quality is the foundation of safety, effective and quality control of TCM. With the social development, problem with raising need and falling resource and quality had became more and more serious. It slowed down the speed of TCM modernization and internationalization. This study used Shanghai earthworm, the authentic TCM of Shanghai, as an example. Focus on resource and quality problems, such as species confusion, resource shortage, rough machining, low quality and no standards, this study tried to work out the reason-able and feasible solution. This effort funded a way out of a stalemate of TCM resources and quality. It is important to TCM modernization and internationalization.

Objective To observe the effects of Yukouning on immunologic function in recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) patients with brimming heat of heart and spleen (BHHS type).Methods The study was composed of 30 patients with RAU (BHHS type) and 30 healthy individuals.All patients with RAU (BHHS type) were divided into levomisole group and Yukouning group (n =15).Patients of levomisole group were give 50 mg of levomisole,bid,lasted two days.Patients of Yukouning group were give Yukouning decoction.The changes of the class of T-cells and the levels of immunoglobulins (IgA,IgG,IgM) and complement (C3,C4) in different groups were tested by flow cytometry (FCM) and single immunodiffusion method.Results The levels of CD8+,IgG,IgA,C3 and C4 in RAU (BHHS type) patients increased significantly as compared with those in healthy group (P ＜ 0.05).The level of CD4+ and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ decreased significantly as compared with those in healthy group (P ＜0.05).Furthermore,the levels of CD8+,IgG,IgA,C3 and C4 in RAU (BHHS type) patients decreased significantly after different drug treatment,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).At the same time,the level of CD8+ and the ratio of CD4+ / CD8+ increased significantly after different drug treatment,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).But all the above-mentioned indexes had no significant differences between the two drug groups (P ＞ 0.05).After 1-year follow-up,the effective rate (both 93.3％) had no significant difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Imbalance of immune function is correlated with RAU (BHHS type).Yukouning plays a therapeutic role by regulating cellular and humoral immunity in RAU (BHHS type) patients.

Objective Two insect resistance genes Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) crystal protein gene CryIA(c) and cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene CpTI were introduced into tetraploid Isatis indigotica to enhance the resistance to moths.Methods I.indigotica was transformed with a plasmid,pGBI121S4ABC,containing CryIA(c) Bt and CpTI and the selectable gene(Npt-Ⅱ) driven by the CaMV35S promoter via Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 mediated transformation.Then PCR and Southern blotting assay were conducted followed by moth bioassay test.Results Co-transgenic rate of the two genes in tetraploid I.indigotica was 16.67%.The integration and expression of introduced genes in T0 regenerated transgenic plants were confirmed by Southern blotting assays.Insect bioassay test demonstrated transgenic lines had significant inhibition to moths,compared with wild type control.Conclusion Co-transformation of Bt and CpTI genes is an effective strategy to enhance the resistance to moths for tetraploid I.indigotica.

Objective To investigate the guidance role and effect of the thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score (TLICS) in the choice of anterior,posterior or combined surgery for thoracolumbar fractures.Methods Thirty-one consecutive patients with acute thoracolumbar burst fractures who were treated in an our unit were selected as our subjects who hospitalized from Oct.2006 to Sep 2010,There were 20 male and 11 female patients.The average age was 44.7 years (range from 35.0 to 56.0 of all patients 3 was injured T11,6 at T12,7 at L1,8 at L 2 and 7 at L3.The reasons of injury include motor vehicle accident (10 cases)and falling from a height (24).All patients had preoperative anteroposterior and lateral radiographs,computed tomography (CT) scan,and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination to more fully assess vertebral pieces and nerve compression.According to the Classification of Maged,there were 8 cases with type A3,8 cases with B1,9 cases with B2,3 cases with C1,3 case with C2.Neurologic status based on Frankel classification showed that 4 cases were with grade A 8 with grade B,9 with grade C 6 with grade D and 4 with grade E.Of the 31 patients,11 received posterior surgeries,12 anterior surgeries,and 8 combined anterior and posterior surgeries.Results Twenty-eight cases were followed up with averaged 13.7 months (range from 12.0-17.0 months).The kyphosis angle was measured from the superior endplate to the inferior end plate of the fractured vertebral body using the Cobb technique.The mean cobb's angle was (23.7 ± 11.3) ° (range,13.0 ～ 38.0°) preoperatively,(5.8 ± 0.6°) (-4.0 ～ 6.0) ° lordotic post operatively and (11.3 ± 10.6) ° lordotic at the final observation.The average surgical time was 190 minutes (range,90-380 minutes).and blood loss was 1680 ml (range,1260-2540 ml),and hospital stay was 17.4 days (range,10-24 days).No eloosening or motion was observed in the final follow-up patients.Conclusion TLICS has facilitate treatment decision making of thoracolumbar spinal column injuries and proved to be an effective treatment for serious thoracolumbar fracture.