[ Objective ] To investigate the relationship between tongue manifestations and immune function in chronic hepatitis B with HBsAg, HBeAg and HBcAb positive. [Methods] Among the cases of HBsAg, HBeAg and HBcAb positive from the out - patient department and health screening survey, 200 chronic hepatitis patients and 100 asymptomatic HBV carriers with glumatic - pyruvic transaminase at normal level were included. Thirty healthy volunteers served as control. Relationship of tongue manifestations with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin test and the serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA and IgM was analyzed. [Results] With the development of chronic hepatitis, the immune function became disordered and tongue manifestations abnormal. Reddish tongue with or without yellowish greasy fur or yellowish fur showed the hyperactivity of immune function; whitish swollen tongue with or without whitish greasy fur indicated the hypoactivity of immune function; dull purplish tongue was the sign of disordered immune function. The shape and color of tongue was superior to tongue fur in showing the condition of immune function ( P

Objective To summarize the clinical experience of three different treatments for gallbladder and common bile duct stones.Methods The clinical data of 180 cases of gallbladder stones combined with bile duct stones undergoing surgery from May 2010 to May 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into three groups,A group of 60 patients underwent a period of endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST),under the second phase of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC);Group B 60 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) + laparoscopic common bile duct exploration surgery (LCBDE) + T tube drainage;Group C 60 patients underwent conventional open cholecystectomy (OC) + bile duct exploration (OCBDE) + T tube drainage.Results A group of 53 cases completed surgery successfully,5 cases of remaining 7 patients failured in the first phase surgery,2 cases of the 5 patients did LC + LCBDE,3 of the 5 patients underwent conventional surgery.Two patients underwent the conventional surgery in the second phase surgery.B group of 57 cases completed surgery successfully,three cases convert to open surgery.All of the group C completed the surgery successfully.Group A complication was the most in the three groups (P＜0.05);group B had the shortest time of hospitalization (P＜0.05),the complication rate was lower than that in group A (P＜0.05),the complication had no significant difference between A and B.(P and group B ＞ 0.05),group B had shortest operation time (P＜0.05);no statistically significant differences were found among three groups in fasting time.Conclusion Three treatment methods have advantages as well as disadvantages,a reasonable treatment should be selected according to the specific circumstances.

Brain ; pathology ; China ; Humans ; Organ Preservation ; standards ; Tissue Banks ; ethics ; standards