Objective To investigate the features of immune response of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) antigen specific T lymphocytes in HIV-1 monoinfected or HIV 1/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfected individuals.Methods Twenty-six HIV-1 monoinfected and 23 HIV-1/HCV coinfected individuals were enrolled.Immunomagnetic microbeads were used to isolate T lymphocyte subpopulation CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).Frequencies of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secreting cells of CD4+,CD8+ T lymphocytes and PBMC stimulated by a peptide pool containing 12 overlapping peptides in HIV-1 P24 from 49 patients were assessed by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay.HIV-1 RNA levels of these patients were also detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The data were compared by one-way ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U test,and Spearman test was used for correlation analysis.Results Frequencies of HIV-1 antigen specific CD4+ T lymphocytes [median =25 spot-forming cells (SFC)/106 cells] were significantly lower than those of CD8+T lymphocytes (median=38SFC/106 cells,F=4.592,P=0.037) and PBMC (median=53 SFC/106 cells,F=5.436,P=0.025) in HIV-1 monoinfected group.Frequencies of HIV-1 antigen specific CD4+ T lymphocytes (median=5 SFC/106 cells,Z=-2.432,P=0.015),CD8+T lymphocytes (median=5 SFC/106 cells,Z=-1.996,P=0.046) and PBMC (median=10 SFC/106 cells,Z=-2.306,P=0.021) in HIV-1/HCV coinfected group were significantly lower than those in HIV-1 monoinfected group.Conclusions In HIV-1 infection,antigen specific immune response of CD4+ T cells can be activated,but weaker than that of CD8+ T cells.Co-infection with HCV might down-regulate the responses of HIV-1 antigen specific T lymphocytes in HIV-1 infected individuals.

Objective: To explore the effects of ranitidine on pharmacokinetics of rhein in rats after oral administration of Dachengqi Decoction (DCQD), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Methods: Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into DCQD group and DCQD plus ranitidine group, and were orally administered with DCQD at a dose of 10 g/kg or DCQD (10 g/kg) combined with ranitidine (150 mg/kg), respectively. Blood samples were gathered after a series of time intervals. Metabolism of rhein was determined with a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with internal standard of 1, 8-dihydroxyanthraquinone and the data were analyzed with DAS 2.1 program. The pharmacokinetic parameters were compared between the two groups. Results: The pharmacokinetic parameters of rhein in the DCQD group, including peak concentration (C(max)), area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), distribution phase half-life (t(1/2alpha)), elimination rate constant (K(10)) and central to peripheral transfer rate constant (K(12)), were significantly different to those in the DCQD plus ranitidine group (P<0.05, P<0.01). There were no significant differences in the other parameters between the two groups. Conclusion: Ranitidine can influence the pharmacokinetics of rhein in rats after oral administration of DCQD.

Objective To investigate the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on human immunodeficiency virus type-1 ( HIV-1 ) antigen specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immune responses. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from 38 HIV-1 infected individuals receiving HAART ( HAART group) and 31 HIV-1 infected individuals not receiving HAART (non-HAART group), and stimulated with a peptide pool containing 12 overlapping peptides in HIV-1 P24;then the frequency of interferon γ ( IFNγ ) secreting cells were assessed by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) method. Difference in HIV-1 antigen specific CTL immune response between non-HAART group and HAART group was analyzed by χ2 and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results Positive response rate of HIV-1 antigen specific CTL immune responses in HAART group ( 65.8%, 24/38 ) was higher than that of non-HAART group (32.3%, 10/31, χ2 = 6. 522, P ＜ 0.05 ). For HIV-1 infected individuals with blood CD4 +T cells ＞ 350/μL, the frequency of HIV-1 antigen specific CTL responses in HAART group was higher than that in non-HAART group (Z = -2. 819, P ＜0.05 ). In the HAART group, those receiving HAART more than 12 months were of higher frequency of HIV-1 antigen specific CTL responses ( Z =-2. 195, P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion HAART especially long-term treatment may enhance HIV-1 specific CTL responses in HIV-1 infected individuals.

To explore the effects of Dachengqi Decoction (DCQD), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on pancreatic acinar cell apoptosis in a rat model of experimental acute pancreatitis.

Objective To evaluate the effect and mechanism of non-steroidal anti-flammatory drags(NSAIDs) on the colon cancer cell growth by using S-nitrosoglutathione(GSNO) which can produce nitric oxide.(Methods) Apoptosis of 3 colon cell lines were evaluated by cell growth curve and flow cytometry,the PGE_2 levels in cell culture supernatants were determined by competitive enzyme immunoassay method,and the(protein) expression of COX-1 and COX-2 were analyzed by Western blot.Results The production level of PGE_2 was increased with CSNO treated concentration and time.Using 500?mol/L CSNO treatment for 48h,the expression level of COX-1 and COX-2 protein increased.NASIDs can block the production of PGE_2 but had no effect on the inhibition of cell growth induced by GSNO.Conclusions GSNO can increase PGE_2(production) and induce COX-1 and COX-2 protein expression in a dose-and time-dependent manner.Higher concentrations of GSNO also can inhibite cell growth and induced apoptosis in all 3 cell lines.NSAIDs can block production of PEG2 but NSAIDs are no effect on cell growth.

Objective:To understand the characteristics and practice of standardized training for resident in psychiatric department,providing a reference for other hospitals in the similar situation.Methods:Using qualitative method,in-depth interview and focus group interview were carried out with clinical teaching and teaching management experts of a tertiary hospital,to understand the characteristics,practice,and deficiencies of resident doctors standardized training for psychiatrists.Results:Focusing on clinical operation,psychotherapy,and communication capability were the major characteristics of resident doctors' standardized training for psychiatrists in this hospital.Though this hospital did positive trials on guarantee system improvement,outpatient and inpatient training combination,and training content expansion,it was not perfect enough in united training and training pattern.Conclusions:The psychiatry resident's standardized training for psychiatrists should establish complete standards of performance for united training,strengthen training mechanism and training mode,and make full use of modem distance education resources to further improve quality of the psychiatric residency training.

Postprandial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (PHH) is one of the serious complications after bariatric surgery, it can lead life-threatening neuroglycopenic symptoms, such as seizures, disorientation, impairment of version and loss of consciousness without any premonitory. The presentation, prevalence, diagnosis, pathology and treatment are reviewed in this summary.

Objective　To explore the relationship between the blood metabolic indexes and the occurrence and development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and to find the correlation with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers.Methods　A total of 66 patients diagnosed with AD from September 2018 to July 2020 and 36 normal controls with no difference in age and gender were enrolled in this study.The levels of serum metabolic indexes were detected in all subjects.The levels of tau protein and amyloid protein (Aβ) in cerebrospinal fluid were measured and compared.and the correlation between tau protein and metabolic indexes was analyzed.Results　The levels of homocysteine (Hcy)，high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)，folic acid and Vitamin B12 (VitB12) in AD group were significantly different from those in control group (P<0.05);after adjustment of multivariate regression analysis.HDL-C and VitB12 were significantly correlated with the occurrence of AD;the levels of HCY,HDL-C.folic acid and VitB12 were significantly correlated with cognitive score in Pearson correlation analysis (P<0.05).The level of tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid was significantly higher than that in the control group.and the concentration of Aβ42 was significantly lower than that in the control group.Pearson correlation analysis showed that HDL-C was positively correlated with tau protein level.and VitB12 was positively correlated with Aβ42 (P<0.05).Conclusion　This study shows that the degree of cognitive impairment in AD patients is positively correlated with HCY and HDL-C levels.and the levels of folic acid and VitB12 are negatively correlated with the severity of cognitive impairment in AD patients.Which may be protective factors of AD.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors for central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) aged 55 years and above, and to construct a predictive model with columnar graph.Methods:This retrospective study included 406 PTC patients aged 55 and above, treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from Nov. 2019 to Feb. 2022. Data on demographic characteristics, disease features, and laboratory test results were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for CLNM and develop a clinical prediction model and nomogram.Results:The study involved 406 patients, divided into a modeling group (285 patients) and a validation group (121 patients). The predictive model identified independent risk factors for CLNM. In the modeling group, the model demonstrated a ROC AUC of 0.769, with 82.6% sensitivity, 63.0% specificity, and 67.7% accuracy. The validation group showed 66.7% sensitivity, 74.5% specificity, and 72.7% accuracy, with an AUC of 0.760. Hosmer-Lemeshow tests indicated good fit in both groups. Decision curve analysis confirmed the model's clinical decision-making value, showing better performance than traditional strategies and good generalizability and reliability.Conclusions:Sex, maximum tumor diameter, bilateral involvement of thyroid lobes, clinically evident cervical lymph nodes, and local invasion are independent predictive factors for CLNM in patients over 55 with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). A clinical risk stratification nomogram model based on these risk factors demonstrates good predictive performance.

Rhei Radix et Rhizoma(RRR) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, with extensive pharmacological effects and clinical applications. This paper summarized processing history evolution of RRR and its effect on chemical compositions and pharmacological effects, and provided feasible insights for further studies on the chemical compositions and pharmacological effects of RRR before and after processing. Relevant information demonstrated that RRR has a long history of processing and various methods. At pre-sent, Chinese Pharmacopoeia mainly records four processing methods: cleaning(raw RRR), wine processing(RRR stir-fried with wine), steaming processing(RRR wine steaming), fried charcoal(RRR charring). RRR has a good effect in clearing heat effect, hemostatic effect and blood promoting effect, and its main chemical components are anthraquinone/anthrones, stilbene, phenylbutanone, chromogens, flavonoids and tannin compounds. This paper reviewed the history evolution of RRR and its effect on chemical composition and pharmacological changes, and put forward further study ideas, with the aim to provide a basic reference for processing mechanism, effective material basis and clinical application of RRR.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plant Roots/chemistry* ; Rhizome/chemistry* ; Wine