Background: system lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, characterized by a variety of antibodies generated against the body itself, causing damage in all organs: skin, mucous membranes, joint-skeletal-muscle, heart, kidneys, lungs, nervous, mental, blood and lymph,... The disease progresses in waves, more and more serious and lead to death. Objectives: to study on characteristics of patients with the end stage SLE and to evaluate results of some tests in these patients. Subjectives and Method: a retrospective and cross sectional study was carried out on forty two end stage SLE patients at Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology of Bach Mai hospital were studied between 1998 and 2004. Results: the majority of SLE patients were female (90.48%) and in group of 16-39 years old. Number of female patients was 14 times more than male patients. All 42 patients decreased peripheral blood cell amount: reducing both red and white blood cells (71.43%), reducing both three type (11.90%). 21/32 cases with severe hemoglobin reduction (65.53%). 38/42 cases of medium and severe neutropenia (90.48%). 33/42 cases with end-stage renal failure (78.57%). 13 cases of low blood Na+, 9 cases of increased blood K+. 30 cases with positive proteinuria (90.91%). 17/20 cases with pericardial effusion (85.00%). 35/42 cases with lung lesion images on ultrasound and x-rays (83.33%). 9 cases (30.00%) with increased AST and ALT above 100 U/l. 5 cases (16.67%) with meningitis. Conclusions: dramatic decrease in blood cell count, particularly in white blood cells. Most patients had renal failure at stage III, mainly with high blood potassium, and high protein and red blood cells in urine. Others included pericarditis, pneumonia, liver and neurological disorders.
Lupus Erythematosus ; Systemic/epidemiology ;

Background: Scleroderma is a rare autoimmune disease occurs with an annual rate of about 2-20 cases / 1 million people. Objectives: To evaluate the common clinical and laboratory manifestaions of scleroderma associated renal disease. Subjects and method: A restrospective study of clinical, urinary analysis, biochemical and blood count analysis and renal artery dopper ultrasonography indexes in 147 patients with scleroderma. Results: The commonest nonrenal clinical manifestations were skin thickening (100%), pigmentation (71,43%), arthalgia/ arthritis (83%), Raynaud phenomenon (62,58%) and gastroentrological syndrome (50,34%). 11,56% of patients had signs and symptoms of kidney involvement such us hypertension (10,2%), edema (9,52%), oliguria (3,4%). 14,29%, 10,88% and 18,18% of patients had abnomalities on urinary analysis, increased blood urea and renal artery stenosis on dooper ultrasonography, respectively. Conclusion: 11,56% of patients had rena manifestationsin clinical, the commonest is hypertension, edema and oliguria. 14,29%, 10,88% and 18,18% of patients had positive proteinuria of hematuria, increased blood urea and renal artery stenosis on dopper ultrasonography, respectively.
Kidney Diseases/ epidemiology ; Scleroderma ; Systemic ;

Background: Blood transfusion is the process of receiving blood products into one's circulation intravenously. Transfusions are used in a variety of medical conditions to replace lost components of the blood. Objectives: To study the situations of use of blood and blood products, the indications for transfusion and transfusion reactions in some clinical departments of Bach Mai Hospital. Subjects and method: Retrospective study from January 2005 to December 2005 and perspective study from January 2006 to June 2006 through blood records, patient chart and patients. Results & Conclusion: from January 2005 to June 2006, Bach mai Hospital used 45318 units of blood and products, most were erythrocyte concentration (57,9%), plasma (24,9%) and (12,3%). The most used blood group were group 0 (44,5%). Blood-erythrocyte concentration and platelet concentration were most used in Hematology and Transfusion Department, plasma were most used in ICU. 31,1 % and 27,8% of patients were laboratory evaluation before transfusion of erythrocyte concentration and platelet concentration, respectively. The rate of transfusion reactions were 1,04%, most were pruritus - 83,7%. Highest rate of transfusion reaction were belonged to blood (3,4%) and platelet concentration (3%). From January 2005 to June 2006, Bach Mai Hospital used 45318 units of blood and products, most were erythrocyte concentration, plasma, platelet concentration and blood 31,1 % and 27,8% of patients were laboratory evaluation before transfusion of erythrocyte concentration and platelet concentration, respectively.
Blood ; Blood Transfusion/ adverse effects

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an unknown cause chronic autoimmune disorder which characterized by the spread of the lesion in many organs of body. Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus is often more acute and severe than adult-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Objective: 1. To survey clinical, laboratory and immunological symptoms of childhood-onset SLE. 2. To survey immune disorders of childhood-onset SLE. Subjects and method: A retrospective study on clinical, laboratory and immunological indexes was carried out in 29 patients with childhood-onset SLE admitted in the Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunity, Bach Mai hospital, from June/2001 to June/2006.Results: The female to male ratio was 13.5:1, and the mean age at disease onset was 12.3\xb12.4 years. The most common initial manifestations were arthritis (62.1%), malar or butterfly rash (41.4%), fatigue, malaise, weight loss (41.4%) and fever (38%). The most common manifestations in the advanced stage of the disease were arthritis (82.8%), alopecia (62.1%), nephritis (89.7), anemia (72.4%), leucopenia (58.6%), thrombocytopenia (51.7%), neurological disorders (58.6%), fever (55.2%) and malar rash (48.3%). 93.1% of the patients had elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The rates of patients with ANA, anti ds-DNA antibody and LE cells were 88%, 64%, and 10.5%, respectively. Conclusion: The author recommended that on the suspicious cases, necessary tests for detecting childhood onset SLE should be conducted soon for differential diagnosis. The SLE with onset in childhood, often more severe than later life must be aggressively treated.
Lupus Erythematosus ; Systemic/ epidemiology ; pathology ; Child

In order to have the primary results of subtypes of T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood of progressive systemic sclerosis patients, 20 patients were studied. The results showed that the counts of TCD3 was 1505 + 505 (cells/ml), TCD4 was 738 + 332 (cells/ml), TCDs was 668 + 291 (cells/ml). There was no significant difference of T-lymphocytes between progressive systemic sclerosis patients and the healthy people. Especially, one patient with severe clinical and paraclinical manifestations had remarkable decrease of TCD3, TCD4, and TCD8.
T-Lymphocytes ; Blood, Scleroderma, Systemic, Patients

42 patients were diagnosed as scleroderma and treated at Bach Mai Hospital in three years (1991-1993). 90.47% was female, the age ranged from 18 to 63 years. The control group consisted of 20 healthy normal persons. Results: the rate of anti dsDNA positive with serum 1/10 was 30.95%; the rate of anti ANA positive with serum 1/40 was 71.42% in the patients with scleroderma. In the control group, there is no person who had anti dsDNA positive with serum 1/10. The rate of anti ANA positive with serum 1/40 is 10%. Positive anti dsDNA rate is not high (30.95%). There is no case of scleroderma which had negative anti ANA but positive anti dsDNA in the patients group. The appearance of anti dsDNA and anti ANA with digestive and cardiovascular disorder had a high rate. Anti ANA is more valuable in following the nephroinjuries in the scleroderma than dsDNA
Scleroderma, Systemic ; Diagnosis ; Therapeutics

Scleroderma is the autoimmune diseases. It has clinical characteristics of other autoimmune diseases such as: systemic lupus erythmatosus, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis…Appearance of antinuclear factors, rheumatofactors and increased blood gamma globulin showed that the immunity in this disease is abnormal. Study on 20 patients with scleroderma who were treated at the Allergy Department in two years (1984-1985) showed that: the ratio of leukocyte in the patients was not lower than that in control groups; the percentage of T lymph in peripheral blood was lower; B lymph in peripheral blood increased lightly; T gamma in peripheral blood was lower; the percentage of lymphocyte transformation with Con A and lymphocyte transformation with PHA were lower; lymphocyte transformation with PWM increased
Scleroderma, Systemic ; Diagnosis

Background: Burn patients are at high risk of occasional infection because microorganism can penetrate through the wound easily. Objective: To identify bacteria species that most often cause occasional infections in burn patients and evaluate the rate of resistance to antibiotics of the isolated bacteria species. Subject and Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 126 patients treated at the National Institute of Burns from 4/2007 to 3/2008. Result: Rates of bacteria species were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (45.98%), after that was S.aureus (25.29%); Abaumannii (9.2%); E.coli (3.45%) and Kpneunwniae (2.87%). Rate ofresistance to antibiotics of P.aeruginosa among aminoglycoside ranged from 22.54% to 80.56%; quinolone from 39.44% to 41.1%; Cephems from 68.49% to 80.56% and penicillin from 67.61% to 78.87%; Imipenem was 27.4%. Anti-biotics resistance of Abaumannii among aminoglycoside ranged from aminoglycoside from 25.0% to 87.5%; quinolone was 81.25%; cephems was 93.33% and penicillin was 86.67%; lmipenem was 50% and Aztreonam was 93.75%. S.aureus were sensitive to Vancomycin was 1000%, but resistant to lmipenem (72.73); Gentamicin (71.43); Kanamycin (83.33); Tobramycin (83.33%); Ticarcillin / Clavulanic acid (75.61%) and Ceftazidine (75.61%).Conclusion: Isolated bacteria species, which caused occasional infections in burn patients, are mainly P.aeruginosa, S.aureus and A.baumannii. Those species resist many kinds of antibiotic.\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Multidrug resistance ; burn ; bacteria

Background: In the past decades, preventive medicine had achieved significant success by promoting the effective prevention. However, we were facing with the rising again of dangerous infectious diseases that had been controlled. Ministry of Health had approved the development support project for preventive medicine system to strengthen early detection and control diseases in time. Objectives: To survey the manpower and the demand for training in basic microbiology technique of Centres for preventive medicine. Subjects and method: Technicians of 29 centres for preventive medicine in North provinces were surveyed and the results were studied by the described cross method. Results: Number of technicians graduated difference, fluctuated from 3 to 14 person per unit. The women were 80.4%; men were 19.6%. The staff who have degrees of postgraduate was 5.3%; University graduated was 41.2%; middle-ranking was 53.6%. Their specialities were very different: medicine doctor was 15.2%; biologists were 8.8%. The rest were nurse, technicians convalesce nurse, Medical Public Health...(34.4%). Among the demand for obtain the train in Microbiology, basic and advance labiratory techniques, 19.4% were the requests for training in basic microbiology; 16.4% were for molecular technology; 21.4% were for bacterium isolate technology and 19.4% were for virus technology. Conclusion: The results were the basis of creating a appropriate technical training strategy to contribute to the success of the project.
Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Education

Background: Acinetobacter spp are present everywhere in the environment and cause many epidemics in tropical countries.\r\n', u'Objectives: This study aims to learn about the status of multidrug resistance in ubiquitous and domination acinetobacter Spp caused nosocomial infections. Subjects and method: A descriptive, epidemiologic cross-sectional study on 65 nosocomial Acinetobacter spp isolated from 244 patients hospitalized at the intensive-care units, Bach Mai hospital and burn patients from the National Burn Institute from April, 2007 to May, 2008. Results: Rates of A.baumannii were 70.8% of the isolates. Acinetobacter spp were isolated from patients in intensive-care units showed resistant to almost all commercially available antibiotics groups, among Penicillin ranged from 94.6 to 97.4%; beta- Lactam ranged from 80.5 to 90%; Cephems were 97.6%; Aminoglycosides group ranged from 62.5 to 100% and Quinolon were 100%. The isolates that were susceptible to Netilmycin was 35% and Imipenem was 34.1%. Acinetobacter spp were isolated from burn patients, which showed resistant to Penicillin was 86, 7%; beta- Lactam was 93, 3%; Aminoglyco- sides ranged from 25% to 87.5% and Quinolon was 81,3%. The isolates were susceptible to Netilmycin was 75% and Imipenem was 31.3%. \r\n', u'Conclusion: Analysis of risk factors may help the study of epidemiology Acinetobacter to prevent hospital infections and reduce the mortality rate. \r\n', u'
Acinetobacter spp ; nosocomial infections