Objective To investigate the effect of letrozole in decreasing the early-stage ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) occurrence during the luteal phase for patients of OHSS high-risk after oocyte retrieval.Methods A total of 176 high-risk OHSS patients were randomly divided into two groups after oocyte retrieval.Patients in experiment group (n=86) received 5 mg letrozole per day from the retrieval day and last for 5 days.Others in control group (n=90) received placebo.The serum concentration of FSH,LH,estradiol (E2),progesterone (P) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from the day of hCG injection to days after injection (5 days,8 days,10 days) were measured.And the incidence of moderate and severe OHSS was observed.Results The concentration of E2 on the indicated days (5 days,8 days,10 days after hCG injection) in experiment group and control group were (5 727±2 089) versus (11 826±4 281) pmol/L,(1 613±879) versus (7 925±3 507) pmol/L,(193±90) versus (1 628±888) pmol/L; the concentration of VEGF on the indicated days in the two groups were (80± 14) versus (108± 19) ng/L,(66± 11) versus (126± 14) ng/L,(48±7) versus (148± 14) ng/L; the concentration of E2 and VEGF were lower than those in control group (all P＜0.01).The FSH concentration in experiment group were (2.1 ± 1.1) and (3.5± 1.3) U/L on the day of fifth and eighth day after hCG injection,which were significantly higher than (0.7±0.3) and (0.7±0.4) U/L in control group (P＜0.05); the LH concentration in experiment group were (0.26±0.19) and (0.72±0.60) U/L on the day of fifth and eighth day after hCG injection,which were significantly higher than (0.11 ±0.03) and (0.14±0.08) U/L in control group (P＜0.05).The incidence of moderate and severe OHSS was signicantly decreased after letrozole treatment compared with control group [2％ (2/86) versus 12％ (1 1/90),P＜0.05].Conclusion Administration of 5 mg/d letrozole for 5 days during the luteal phase can reduce the E2 and VEGF levels for the high-risk OHSS patients who needed cryopreserve all embryos,and also reduce the occurrence of early OHSS.

Objective To study ovarian development in vitrificatiou of embryos born mice and expression of growth differentiation factor 9 ( GDF-9 ) in its.MethodsThe vitrification recovery embryos (vitrified-embryo group) and fresh embryos (fresh-embryo group) were transplanted into pseudopregnant mice,respectively.The female offspring mice in two groups were sacrificcd on the 3rd,7th,14th,21st,28th and 60th day after birth,the ovarian tissues were taken,6 mice in each time point of each group.The ovarian development was observed by HE staining,the expression of GDF-9 mRNA and protein at each time point of two groups were detected by reverse transcription(RT)-PCR and western blot.ResultsHE staining showed that no abnormal ovarian development was observed in offsprings at two groups.On the 3rd,7th,14th,21st,28th and 60th day after birth,the expression of GDF-9 mRNA in vitrified-embryo group were 0.14 ± 0.07,0.42±0.16,1.00±0.24,1.59±0.28,2.05 ±0.32 and 2.23 ±0.21,respectively,which in fresh-embryo group were 0.13 ±0.06,0.45 ±0.18,1.00 ±0.21,1.56 ±0.26,2.01 0.37 and 2.26 ±0.23,respectively,there was no statistical difference between two groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ) ; the expression of GDF-9 protein in vitrified-embryo group were 0.040 ± 0.030,0.120 ± 0.060,0.170 ± 0.030,0.250 ± 0.040,0.320± 0.060 and 0.330 ± 0.010,respectively,which in fresh-embryo group were 0.030 ± 0.020,0.110 ± 0.040,0.150 ± 0.010,0.210 ± 0.020,0.360 ± 0.070 and 0.350 ± 0.030,respectively,there was no statistical difference between two groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion The ovarian morphology in vitrification of embryos born mice and expression of GDF-9 in ovary has no any obvious change.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the predictive value of the sperm quality to fertilization outcomes after short-time insemination.MethodsA total of 558 cycles of short-time insemination in the Reproductive Medical Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital during January 2009 to June 2010 excluding patients aged ＞ 38 years and M Ⅱ oocyte number ＜ 3 were analyzed retrospectively.According to whether undergo rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection( Re-ICSI),all cycles were divided into in vitro fertilization (IVF)group (472 cycles) and rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection (Re-ICSI) group (86 cycles).Both IVFgroup and Re-ICSI group were subdivided into primary infertility and secondary infertility according to previous history of pregnancy.269 primary infertility cycles and 203 secondary infertility cycles were characterized in IVF group; and 64 primary infertility cycles and 22 secondary infertility cycles were characterized in Re-ICSI group.x2 test was applied for comparison of embryo plant rate,clinical pregnancy rate,early miscarriage rate between IVF and Re-ICSI groups,while Fisher test was used for comparison of live birth rate.and Mann-Whitney U test was utilized for comparison of duration of infertility,forward moving sperm counts,abnormal sperm rate,sperm acrosin activity between IVF and Re-ICSI groups.ResultsThe embryo plant rate,clinical pregnancy rate,early miscarriage rate,live birth rate of IVF group were:29.4％,44.9％,13.4％,37.0％ respectively; the above indicators in Re-ICSI group were:25.7％,34.6％,10.7％,29.6％ respectively,the differences of the indicators between the two groups had no statisticalsigmficance (x2 =0.869,2.963,0.010,P =0.351,0.085,0.922,0.098).Median of duration of infertility,forward moving sperm counts,abnormal sperm rate,sperm acrosin activity of primary infertility cycles in IVF group were:4.00(3.00 -6.00) years,58.37(33.64 - 102.27) × 106,81.09％ (79.41％ -88.69％ ),76.30 (48.50 - 92.46 ) μIU/106 sperm respectively ; in Re-ICSI group were:5.00 ( 3.25 -8.00) years,36.33 (20.59 -64.43 ) × 106,85.5％ (81.28％ - 89.02％ ),47.14( 31.61 -90.24) μIU/106 sperm respectively,the differences of them between the two groups had statistical significance (Z =-2.617, -3.505, -3.553, -3.530,P =0.009,0.000,0.000,0.000).Median of duration of infertility,forward moving sperm counts,abnormal sperm rate,sperm acrosin activity of secondary infertility cycles in IVF group were:5.00 (3.00 -7.00) years,63.00 (34.20 - 107.73 ) × 106,81.29％ (79.90 -86.09) ％,78.34 ( 53.87 - 98.00) μIU/106 sperm respectively,in Re-ICSI group were:5.00 ( 3.75 -7.00) years,28.80 ( 18.57 - 48.56 ) × 106,88.79％ ( 84.04 - 95.64 ) ％,54.70 ( 39.73 - 76.77 ) μIU/106 sperm respectively,the differences of them between the two groups showed statistical significance except duration of infertility (Z =- 0.338,- 3.505,- 3.553,- 3.530,P =0.735,0.000,0.000,0.006).ConclusionThe duration of infertility,forward moving sperm counts,abnormal sperm rate,sperm acrosin activity have predictive value of fertilization outcomes after short-time insemination.

Carrier-free multi-component self-assembled nano-systems have attracted widespread attention owing to their easy preparation, high drug-loading efficiency, and excellent therapeutic efficacy. Herein, MnAs-ICG nanospike was generated by self-assembly of indocyanine green (ICG), manganese ions (Mn²⁺), and arsenate (AsO₄ ^3-) based on electrostatic and coordination interactions, effectively integrating the bimodal imaging ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorescence (FL) imaging-guided synergistic therapy of photothermal/chemo/chemodynamic therapy within an "all-in-one" theranostic nano-platform. The as-prepared MnAs-ICG nanospike had a uniform size, well-defined nanospike morphology, and impressive loading capacities. The MnAs-ICG nanospike exhibited sensitive responsiveness to the acidic tumor microenvironment with morphological transformation and dimensional variability, enabling deep penetration into tumor tissue and on-demand release of functional therapeutic components. In vitro and in vivo results revealed that MnAs-ICG nanospike showed synergistic tumor-killing effect, prolonged blood circulation and increased tumor accumulation compared to their individual components, effectively resulting in synergistic therapy of photothermal/chemo/chemodynamic therapy with excellent anti-tumor effect. Taken together, this new strategy might hold great promise for rationally engineering multifunctional theranostic nano-platforms for breast cancer treatment.