Objective:To study the influence of DiKang capsule on expression of TGF? receptor Ⅱ on hepatic stellite cells(HSC)in rat with liver fibrosis introduced by DMN.Methods:TGF? receptor Ⅱ on HSC in rat with liver fibrosis introduced by DMN were measured by FCM.Results:In group of 10 ?g/kg DMN injected 3 weeks,expression of TGF? recptor Ⅱ on HSC in these rat fed with DiKang capsule 3 weeks were higher than that not feeding capsule.But in group of injecting 5 ?g/kg DMN continuous 6 weeks,expression of TGF? receptor Ⅱ on HSC does not changed with feeding or not feeding DiKang capsule.Conclusion:DiKang capsule may have a certainly role on expression of TGF? receptor Ⅱ on HSC in rat with liver fibrosis introduced by DMN.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of intrasplenically transplanted interferon ? (IFN ?) gene modified hepatocytes on murine implanted liver carcinoma. Methods Murine fetal hepatocytes (BNL?CL2) were transfected with recombinant adenovirus expressing IFN ?. Two cell lines BNL?Lac Z and BNL?CL2 were taken as control. One week after intrasplenically injected C26 cells(colon carcinoma line), sixty tumor bearing syngeneic mice were intrasplenically transplanted IFN ? gene modified hepatocytes and were divided into treated group (BNL?IFN ?) and two control groups (BNL?Lac Z and BNL?CL2), two weeks later, levels of IFN ?, tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF ?) and nitric oxide(NO) in the serum of liver implanted carcinoma bearing mice were assayed, the cytotoxicity of murine splenic cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) was measured. Mophology of hepatic tumors were studied. The therapeutic effects on the mice with the implanted liver carcinoma were also evaluated. Results In treated group (compared with control groups), the levels of IFN ?, TNF ? and NO in the serum increased significantly ( P

Objective To investigate the expression of interleukin 18 (IL 18) in serum,synovial fluid and synovial tissue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to identify its pathological role in RA.Methods The serum,synovial fluid and synovial tissue were obtained from patients with RA,and samples from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and from healthy human were used as control groups.Levels of IL 18 protein in serum and synovial fluid were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Expression of IL 18 mRNA in synovial tissus was determined by semi quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR).The biologic activity of IL 18 in serum and synovial fluid was detected on the basis of IFN ? secretion from IL 18 responding human myelomonocytic KG 1 cells.Expression of iNOS and COX 2 mRNA in synovial tissue was also determined,and productions of NO and PGE 2 in serum and synovial fluid were measured by enzyme reduction method and ELISA.Results Levels of IL 18 protein and biologic activity of IL 18 in both serum and synovial fluid of patients with RA were significantly increased compared with corresponding samples of the two control groups.In addition,the expression of IL 18 mRNA in synovial tissue of patients with RA was also significantly increased compared with samples of the two control groups.Conclusion The over expressed IL 18 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA.

Objective To investigate the effect of parthenolide (PN) on human colon cancer cells in vitro and its mechanism. Methods Human colon cancer cell line HT-29 was cultured and treated with PN at the concentra-tions of 10 ,50 ,100 ,200,500 ,1 000 μmol/L for 48 hours. Then the apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The ex-pression of NF-Κb p50 and COX-2 proteins were analyzed by Western blot and the concentration of PGE2 was meas-ured with ELISA kits. Results PN significantly induced cell apoptosis after 48 h in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of NF-Κb p50 and COX-2 proteins were down-regulated by the PN, and the concentrations of PGE2 were al-so declined. Conclusion PN can induce apoptosis of the human colon cancer cells. And the process may be carried out through the way of "NF-Κb→COX-2→PGE2".

The survey of the soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) level in the sera and the membrane IL-2 receptor (mIL-2R) expression on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 47 cases of late schistosomiasis japonica was reported. The measurement for sIL-2R was done with the double antibody sandwich ELISA. Indirect immunflurescence was performed in the measurement for mIL-2R. The levels of sIL-2R in sera from 47 patients with late schistoso-miasis was found to be higher than that in control (P

Objective:To investigate the changes of Th cell differentiation in the VMC and interference effect of Qingxin capsule on them.Methods:BALB/c mouses with different courses of VMC were established, after treated with Qingxin capsule, the cardiac pathological changes were observed by light microscope and transmisson electron microscope,levels of IL-2,IL-4,IL-10 and IFN-? in blood serum were detected by ELISA.Results: Whatever in acute stage or recovery stage of VMC, the myocard pathological changes of mouses were lighter after treated with Qingxin capsule;moreover, levels of IFN-? and IL-2 in blood serum of mouses with VMC decreased significantly(P0.05).Conclusion:Qingxin capsule can restore the balance of Th1 and Th2 cells through inhibiting reaction of Th1 and enhancing reaction of Th2.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate part mechanisms of Th cell differentiation, and to observe the interference effect of Qingxin-II Recipe in the chronic stage of viral myocarditis (VMC), so as to provide some experimental evidences for illuminating the pathogenesis of VMC and treatment mechanisms of Qingxin-II Recipe. METHODS: According to 20%-40% death rate of experiment in advance, 100 BALB/c male mice (4 weeks old and weighing 12-15 g) were used. Twenty mice were randomly assigned to normal control group, and the other 80 mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.1 ml normal saline containing coxsackie virus B3 at the 1st, 4th and 28th day (the virus densities were 1:2000, 1:1000 and 1:500 respectively) to induce chronic VMC. At the 42nd day, the surviving mice were randomly divided into untreated group and treatment group, with 20 mice in each group. Mice in the treatment group were orally administered with 0.2 ml Qingxin-II Recipe every day, while mice in the normal control group and the untreated group were administered with 0.2 ml normal saline. All the mice were sacrificed after 45 days, and the sera, heart and spleen cells were collected. Then the myocardial pathological changes were observed by using a light microscope, and the levels of IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). And the Th cell differentiation was observed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: No obvious myocardial pathological changes were observed in mice of the normal control group. Myocardial pathological changes in the treatment group were slighter than those in the untreated group. The difference of serum IL-10 level between the normal control group and the untreated group showed no significance (P>0.05), and the levels of IFN-gamma and IL-4 of the untreated group were higher than those of the normal control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was no statistical difference in IL-10 level between the treatment group and the untreated group (P>0.05), while the serum levels of IL-4 and IFN-gamma of the treatment group were lower than those of the untreated group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was no significant difference of the Th1 cell responder between the treatment group and the untreated group (P>0.05), while the Th2 cell responder was inhibited significantly in the treatment group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Qingxin-II Recipe can restore the balance of Thl and Th2 cells through inhibiting the reaction of Th2.

DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) is specific receptor on Dendritic cells, and plays a pivotal role on antigens presentation. Uptodate, the clear regulation mechanisms for DC-SIGN expression are not available.IL-4 is one of the most important cytokines inducing DC-SIGN production, while, NF-κB is an important transcription factor controlling signaling transduction. Both IL-4 and NF-κB are closely related to DC-SIGN regulation. NF-κB and IL-4 actions on DC-SIGN promoter activity, DC-SIGN expression as well as interactions between IL-4 and NF-κB were investigated in THP-1 cell. It was found that the mutation of NF-κB binding site in DC-SIGN promoter results in DC-SIGN promoter activity decrease about 50%.NF-κBp50 stimulates DC-SIGN expression in THP-1 cells. IL-4 upregulates DC-SIGN expression on THP-1 cells as well as NF-κB production. These data reveal that NF-κB is associated with IL-4 induced DC-SIGN expression.

Objective To detect the role of AP-1 or ETS-1 transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) in activity of DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) pro-moter. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. Complete DC-SIGN promoter and those without AP-1 or ETS-1 TFBS were amplified by PCR using designed primers. The PCR products were digested with MLu Ⅰ and Bgl Ⅱ and then ligated into MLu Ⅰ and Bgl Ⅱ digested pGL-3/Basic and pGL-3/En-hancer vectors. Transfection in Hacat and 293 cells was accomplished with Trans Fast liposome. Activity of luciferase was detected after 48 h. Results The DC-SIGN promoters without AP-1 or ETS-1 TFBS and the recombined pGL-3 vectors were correctly constructed. The activity of DC-SIGN promoters without AP-1 was reduced 20% (293) and 10% (Hacat), which was 40%-50% with enhancer. The activity of DC-SIGN pro-moters without ETS-1 was nearly vanished, no matter with or without enhancer. Conclusion ETS-1 TFBS, not AP-1 TFBS, plays an important role in activity of DC-SIGN promoter.

Since the outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the 2019-nCoV (SARS-CoV-2), with its high pathogenicity and contagiousness, it has posed a serious threat to global public health security. Up to now, the pathogenesis of 2019-nCoV is unclear, and there is no effective treatment. Vaccine as one of the most effective strategies to prevent virus infection has become a hot area. Based on the current understanding of 2019-nCoV, the development of 2019-nCoV vaccines covers all types: inactivated virus vaccine, recombinant protein vaccine, viral vector-based vaccine, mRNA vaccine, and DNA vaccine, etc. In this review, we focus on the candidate targets of the novel coronavirus, and the types, development status and progress of 2019-nCoV vaccines in order to provide information for further research and prevention.