The alterations in electron transport were studied in the myocardial mitochondria of rats with hemorrhagjc shock. Hemorrhagic shock model was induced by a modified Wigger procedure. Mitochondria were obtained by differential centrifugation. Succinate-, and NADH-respiratory chains were assayed by polarographically and spectrophotometrically in isolated myocardial mitochondria. The results showed that hemorrhagic shock led to progressive decrease in the enzymatic activities of two respiratory chains. The activities of Succinate-Co. Q reductase, Succinate-Cyt. C reductase, NADH-Co. Q reductase, NADH-Cty. C reductase and cytochrome oxidase were remarkably lower in shock 3 h group than those in the shamoperated. This implies that there is not only low-flow hypoxia, but inability to utilizer oxygen in the myocardial mitochondria

Since the outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the 2019-nCoV (SARS-CoV-2), with its high pathogenicity and contagiousness, it has posed a serious threat to global public health security. Up to now, the pathogenesis of 2019-nCoV is unclear, and there is no effective treatment. Vaccine as one of the most effective strategies to prevent virus infection has become a hot area. Based on the current understanding of 2019-nCoV, the development of 2019-nCoV vaccines covers all types: inactivated virus vaccine, recombinant protein vaccine, viral vector-based vaccine, mRNA vaccine, and DNA vaccine, etc. In this review, we focus on the candidate targets of the novel coronavirus, and the types, development status and progress of 2019-nCoV vaccines in order to provide information for further research and prevention.

Objective To observe the activity of histone deacetylase and the mRNA expression level of HDAC1 and HDAC2 in human bone marrow mononuclear cells,which induced by hydroquinone and exposed to hydroquinone plus Trichostatin as a histone deacetylase inhibitor for 10 hours respectively.Methods Collect the bone marrow mononuclear cells suspension,divided into control group,HQ group (3 h,6 h,12 h,24 h),HQ+ TSA 10 h group and HQ 10 h group.Extract the nuclear proteins and RNA,test the activity of histone deacetylase with the colorimetric HDAC assay kit and detect the mRNA expression level of HDAC 1 and HDAC2 by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR).Results The HDAC activity of HQ3 h group,HQ6 h group and HQ12 h group were 1.31 times,1.53 times and 1.148 times than that of control group respectively.And the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Except the HQ24 h group (P＞0.05),the HDAC1 mRNAexpression of HQ3 h group,HQ6 h group and HQ12 h group were 1.173 times,1.901 times and 2.348 times than that of control group respectively.And the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The HDAC2 mRNA expression of HQ6 h group and HQ12 h group were 1.426 times and 1.766 times than that of the control group respectively.And the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).No significant difference was observed between HQ3 h group,HQ24 h group and control group(P＞0.05).The cells were treated by hydroquinone plus TSA for 10 hours.The HDAC activity of HQ+TSA 10h group was reduced by 25.6％ than that of HQ 10 h group (P＜0.05) and rised 13.0％ compared to the control group (P＜0.05).And the difference was statistically significant between groups (P＜0.05).The cells were treated by hydroquinone plus TSA for 10 hours.The HDAC 1 mRNA expression of the HQ+TSA 10h group is reduced by 26.9％ than that of HQ10h group.The HDAC2 mRNA expression is reduced by 19.3％ compared to the HQ 10h group.And the difference was statistically significant between groups (P＜0.05).The HDAC1 and HDAC2 mRNA expression is obviously higher than the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Treatment of hydroquinone,the histone deacetylase activity and the mRNA expression of HDAC1 and HDAC2 were increased in a certain time range.The histone deacetylase inhibitor (TSA) can reduce the histone deacetylase activity and the mRNA expression level of HDAC 1 and HDAC2 in the bone marrow mononuclear cell induce by hydroquinone.It can be confirmed that hematopoietic damage induced by the benzene metabolites is related to the histone acetylation modification level.

Objective To observe the activity of histone deacetylase and the mRNA expression level of HDAC1 and HDAC2 in human bone marrow mononuclear cells,which induced by hydroquinone and exposed to hydroquinone plus Trichostatin as a histone deacetylase inhibitor for 10 hours respectively.Methods Collect the bone marrow mononuclear cells suspension,divided into control group,HQ group (3 h,6 h,12 h,24 h),HQ+ TSA 10 h group and HQ 10 h group.Extract the nuclear proteins and RNA,test the activity of histone deacetylase with the colorimetric HDAC assay kit and detect the mRNA expression level of HDAC 1 and HDAC2 by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR).Results The HDAC activity of HQ3 h group,HQ6 h group and HQ12 h group were 1.31 times,1.53 times and 1.148 times than that of control group respectively.And the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Except the HQ24 h group (P＞0.05),the HDAC1 mRNAexpression of HQ3 h group,HQ6 h group and HQ12 h group were 1.173 times,1.901 times and 2.348 times than that of control group respectively.And the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The HDAC2 mRNA expression of HQ6 h group and HQ12 h group were 1.426 times and 1.766 times than that of the control group respectively.And the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).No significant difference was observed between HQ3 h group,HQ24 h group and control group(P＞0.05).The cells were treated by hydroquinone plus TSA for 10 hours.The HDAC activity of HQ+TSA 10h group was reduced by 25.6％ than that of HQ 10 h group (P＜0.05) and rised 13.0％ compared to the control group (P＜0.05).And the difference was statistically significant between groups (P＜0.05).The cells were treated by hydroquinone plus TSA for 10 hours.The HDAC 1 mRNA expression of the HQ+TSA 10h group is reduced by 26.9％ than that of HQ10h group.The HDAC2 mRNA expression is reduced by 19.3％ compared to the HQ 10h group.And the difference was statistically significant between groups (P＜0.05).The HDAC1 and HDAC2 mRNA expression is obviously higher than the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Treatment of hydroquinone,the histone deacetylase activity and the mRNA expression of HDAC1 and HDAC2 were increased in a certain time range.The histone deacetylase inhibitor (TSA) can reduce the histone deacetylase activity and the mRNA expression level of HDAC 1 and HDAC2 in the bone marrow mononuclear cell induce by hydroquinone.It can be confirmed that hematopoietic damage induced by the benzene metabolites is related to the histone acetylation modification level.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of monkeypox patients.Methods:The clinical data and laboratory findings of 4 patients with monkeypox patients diagnosed at Yiwu Central Hospital in July 2023 were analyzed. Herpes fluid and skin tissue samples were collected, the viruses were isolation and cultured in African green monkey kidney cells (Vero) and identified with whole gene sequencing.Results:All four patients were male, aged 24-35 years. All patients had male-to-male behavior within 21 days before onset of the disease. Among them, one patient has AIDS and one patient has syphilis. Four patients presented with perineal skin lesions with itching, and 3 patients were found to have enlarged lymph nodes upon admission. Laboratory testing: lymphocyte abnormality (4.57×10 9/L) in 1 case; increased procalcitonin (0.25 ng/mL) in 1 case; elevated IL-10 levels ( 7.11 ng/L and 9.42 ng/L) in 2 cases; increased IL-6 (66 ng/L) and IL-4 (3.24 ng/L) in 1 case, respectively. One case had abnormal myocardial zymogram with a elevated lactate dehydrogenase level of 313 U/L. The monkeypox virus was isolated from lesion tissue and herpes fluid, and the whole gene sequencing identified it as the B. 1.3 subtype of the IIb evolutionary branch, exhibiting typical pathological effects on Vero cells. Conclusion:The clinical manifestations of the 4 monkeypox patients confirmed in Zhejiang province are mild, patients had a definitive history of male-to-male sexual behavior and the virus strains belong to the B. 1.3 lineage of the IIb evolutionary branch.

Recently, monkeypox has become a global concern amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Monkeypox is an acute rash zoonosis caused by the monkeypox virus, which was previously concentrated in Africa. The re-emergence of this pathogen seems unusual on account of outbreaks in multiple nonendemic countries and the incline to spread from person to person. We need to revisit this virus to prevent the epidemic from getting worse. In this review, we comprehensively summarize studies on monkeypox, including its epidemiology, biological characteristics, pathogenesis, and clinical characteristics, as well as therapeutics and vaccines, highlighting its unusual outbreak attributed to the transformation of transmission. We also analyze the present situation and put forward countermeasures from both clinical and scientific research to address it.
COVID-19 ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control* ; Humans ; Monkeypox/epidemiology* ; Monkeypox virus ; Pandemics/prevention & control*