Drug metabolism will change significantly during inflammation, including the reduction of expression and activity of many drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Body would release a series of inflammatory cytokines which can regulate drug metabolizing enzymes. Recent studies have revealed that drug transporters are also regulated by the cytokines with obvious species difference. Mechanism studies show that several transcription factors play important roles during the signal pathways of regulation. This review focuses on the progress in the regulation of drug transporters during inflammation.

Objective To investigate the relationship between N-methyl-D aspartate (NMDA) receptors and the hypnotic and analgesic effects of enflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane. Methods Kunming mice weighing 18-22 g were used in this study. The experiment was carried out in 2 parts. In Part I 120 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =40 each); each group received intraperitoneal (IP) enflurane 2 ml?kg-1 or isoflurane 1.2 ml?kg-1 or sevoflurane 5 ml?kg-1 . Each group was further divided randomly into 4 subgroups ( n = 10 each) and each subgroup received artificial cerebro-spinal fluid (aCSF) 10 ?l or NMDA 25, 50 or 75 ng in 10 ?l aCSF injected into the lateral ventricle of the brain as soon as the animals lost righting reflex. The time for the recovery of righting reflex was recorded. In Part Ⅱ 160 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 40 each) : ( 1) control group received no inhalation anesthetic; (2) enflurane group received enflurane 1.5 ml?kg-1 subcutaneously s.c. ; (3) isoflurane group isoflurane 0.8 ml?kg-1 s.c. and (4) sevoflurane group sevoflurane 4.5 ml ?kg-1 s.c. Each group was further divided randomly into 4 subgroups ( n = 10 each). Each subgroup received intrathecal (IT) aCSF 10 ?l or NMDA 2.5 ng or 5.0 ng or 10 ng in aCSF 10 ?l at 10 min after subcutaneous injection of inhalation anesthetic. 6% acetic acid 0.1 ml?10 g-1 was injected IP at 1 min after intrathecal administration. The number of writhing induced by acetic acid was recorded. Results In Part Ⅰ of the experiment there was no significant difference in the duration of anesthesia induced by the 3 inhalation anesthetics between the 4 subgroups. In Part Ⅱ subcutaneous injection of the 3 inhalation anesthetics significantly reduced the number of writhing induced by IP acetic acid. In control group which received no inhalation anesthetic there was no significant difference in the number of writhing between the 4 subgroups. In the 3 inhalation anesthetic groups NMDA5. 0 and 10 ng IT significantly increased the number of writhing induced by IP acetic acid in a dose dependent manner as compared with aCSF subgroup. Conclusion Cerebral NMDA receptors do not play an important role in the hypnotic effect of enflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane while spinal NMDA receptors are involved in the analgesic effect of the 3 inhalation anesthetics.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the radiosensitization effect of docetaxel versus sodium glyci-didazole.METHODS:A total of 105 patients with intermediate or advanced stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma were randomly assigned to receive docetaxel 40 mg once a week plus radiotherapy or sodium glycididazole 1 000 mg three times a week(Monday,Wednesday and Friday) plus radiotherapy for a total of 7 weeks,or radiotherapy only(control group).RESULTS:There were significant differences between docetaxel group or sodium glycididazole group and control group in sensitization efficiency and radiation dose on tumor regression(P0.05).CON-CLUSION:Lower dose docetaxel is better than sodium glycididazole in radiosensitization efficiency for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma,especially in controlling the metastasis,yet it has minimal side effect.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinic efficacy and safety of FOLFIRI as a second line treatment for patients with advanced colorectal cancer.METHODS:Twenty-eight patients with advanced colorectal cancer whose disease progressed after first treatment with FOLFOX4 were included to receive the second line treatment with FOLFIRI regimen.RESULTS:Of the total 28 cases,0 had complete response,6 partial response,16 stable disease,6 progressive disease,and the responsive rate was 21.4%.The majority of adverse reaction was nausea,vomiting,leucopenia and tardive diarrhea.CONCLUSION:As a second line therapy,FOLFIRI has a confirmed therapeutic response and tolerable toxicity in patients with advanced colorectal cancer.

0.05);in contrast, intrathecal NMDA 2.5,5,10 ng could significantly and dose dependently decrease the HPPT(P

Objective To characterize the manifestations of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in nervous system with in-flammation-like presentation. Methods We reviewed clinical and laboratory data obtained from 3 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in nervous system with inflammation-like presentation.Those data include clinical manifestations,CSF examina-tions neuroimaging,pathology of biopsies,treatment and prognosis.Results The clinical manifestations of NHL in nervous system were variable and the findings of cerebrospinal fluid and imaging were not characteristic.Parital relief of symptoms by steroid cortisone could be achieved in some cases which maght further increased the difficulty in differentiating NHL from CNS inflammation.Several signs including no evidence of CNS inflammation,multiple organ involyements,especially the organ involvements outside CNS,and deterioration after a transient relief of symptoms by steroid cortisone,strongly suggest the possibility of NHL.Condusions We should increase physicians'awareness to NHL to reduce the misdiagnosis even though the final diagnosis relies on pathological examination.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect and clinical significance of radiotherapy on the expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein(MRP) in advanced cervical cancer.METHODS:The immunohistochemistry method was applied to detect the expression of lung resistance protein(LRRP),glutathione-S-transferases-?(GST-?),thymidylate synthetase(TS) and type Ⅱ topoisomerase(TopoⅡ) in 23 patients with advanced cervical cancer before radiotherapy and after receiving 30 Gy dose radiation.RESULTS:The positive expression rates of LRRP,GST-?,TS and TopoⅡ before radiotherapy were 47.8%,56.5%,30.4% and 60.9%,respectively.The positive expression rates of LRRP,GST-? and TS in patients after 30 Gy dose radiation were 69.6%,73.9% and 73.9%,respectively,which were signficantly higher as compared before radiotherapy(P

0.05). In the HBsAg stimulus group,the proliferation activity of CD4+ CD25- T cells from HBV transgenic mice was significantly lower than that in normal mice (P0.05). In all the 2 groups,the proliferation activity of CD4+ CD25- T cells alone from HBV transgenic mice or normal mice was significantly higher than that mixed culturing (P

To study the related substances in nicergoline, electrospray positive ionization high resolution TOF/MS was used for the determination of the accurate mass and elemental composition of the related substances. Triple quadrupoles tandem MS/MS was employed for the determination of the fragmentations of the parent ions. 16 related substances were detected and identified to be eight synthetic by-products and eight degradation products, by using impurity references matching, product mass spectra fragmentations elucidation, and verified further according to synthetic processes and stress testing results. The results obtained are valuable for nicergoline manufacturing process control and quality assurance.

Objectives To explore the correlation of level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with pulmonary function in adult with asthma. Methods Patients were divided into Asthmatic group(n=62)and Control group (n=28). The Asthmatic group was further divided into Mild Group (n=6), Moderate Group (n=13) and Severe Group (n=43). Serum levels of 25-hy?droxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], denoted as 25(OH) Vit D was detected by ELISA. Pulmonary function indicators,including FVC (forced vital capacity) , FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) , FEV1%predicted , and FEV1/FVC%were deter?mined by a pulmonary function testing device. General profiles such as medical history, age and height as well as serum VitD levels were compared between subgroups of the asthmatic groups and between two genders. Serum levels of 25 (OH) VitD were compared between asthmatic group and control group while its correlation with FEV1%predicted were calculated in all three sub asthmatic groups. Results There was no significant difference in medical history, age, height and the 25(OH) VitD levels between male and female participants. Serum 25(OH) Vit D level was significantly lower in the asthmatic patient group [(29.69±20.45) nmol/L] compared to that in control group [(75.16±4.06) nmol/L] (P<0.05). It was significantly lower in severe sub group than those in the mild and moderate sub groups. The differences were both statistically significant ( P<0.05). There were positive correlations between serum 25(OH) Vit D levels and FEV1%predicted ( P<0.05) in all sub asth?matic groups. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in asthmatic patients, and there is a strong correlation between 25(OH) Vit D asthma severity as well as between lung function.