Ultrasound guided regional nerve blockade in children is a kind of safe,visualized and efficient regional nerve blockade which can be supervised,probe-controlled synchronously and share a brand future compared with traditional land-mark based technique and the intravenous opiates.The aim of this review is to give an overview of the research and application development of ultrasound guided nerve blockade in children undergoing groin surgery.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in the treatment of chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD).Methods Seventy-eight patients with CAD were administrated with MMF substituting for Aza or CTX with concomitant low-dose CsA. The effectiveness and complications were analyzed. The mean follow-up time after MMF treatment was 9.48 months.Results After treatment with MMF in combination with low doses of CsA and Pred,the serum creatinine concentration (SCr) in 74 CAD patients was significantly decreased and remained stable at the end of follow-up ( P

Using proliferating inhibition test, the effects of three cultivars of black mushroom on the growth of gastric carcinoma cell in vitro were observed. We have found that the extracts of all three cultivars of black mushroom had inhibiting effects on the growth of tumor cells in medium at some levels, especially Cr-02 was the most evident one.The results suggest that black mushroom has some anti-tumor effects, and it is worthwhile to study farther for verification.

Objective To investigate the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound guided transversus abdominis plane block and to compare the efficacy of posterior approach and medial approach of ultrasound guided transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) in providing postoperative analgesia after children laparoscopic groin surgery.Methods Eligible children 2 ～ 4 years old (n =60),American society of anesthesiologists (ASA) I,undergoing elective laparoscopic unilateral groin surgery were randomly assigned into posterior approach group (Group P),medial approach group (Group M) and control group (Group C).Many parameters were measured and recorded during the study,including funk sedation scores,intraoperative circulation monitoring at time points of T1 (before induction),T2 (skin incision) and T3 (skin closure),length of surgery,the time from post anesthesia care unit (PACU) arrival to the first obtainable pain score,length of PACU stay,modified-children's hospital of eastern ontario pain scale(m-CHEOPS),pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium (PAED) scores,number of children with sufentanil administered in PACU,number of people occurred nausea and vomiting,and satisfaction of parents.Results There were no statistically significant difference in general characteristics,basic emotion score,duration of surgery,the time from PACU arrival to first obtainable score,haemodynamic parameter at T1 and satisfaction of parents among groups P,M,and C.However,the m-CHEOPS scores at the time points of first obtainable,10 min,the number of children received sufentanil administration,PAED scores and haemodynamic parameter at T2 and T3 were significantly lower in groups P and M than in group C.There were no significant difference in parameters mentioned above between groups P and M.Conclusions Ultrasound guided transversus abdominis plane block could provide efficient and secure postoperative analgesia for children undergoing laparoscopic groin surgery.Both posterior approach and medial approach are ideal options.

0.05);but adding active virus,it was strongly positive;the results were obviously higher than those of the other 3 groups,respectively(P0.05).Conclusion When infected with CMV,the expression of ICAM1 increased obviously.CMV caused rejection reaction mainly by inducing the increase of the expression of ICAM-1 in endothelial cells.

Objective To evaluate the efficiency and safety of domestic rapamycin-eluting stent(Firebire stent) in the treatment of coronary heart disease.Methods Coronary angiography and stenting were carried out through femoral artery approach in 331 patients with coronary heart disease.The incidences of in-hospital major adverse cardiac events were recorded all the patients were followed up for 1 year.The follow-up angiography was carried out at at 6-9 months after discharge.Results A total of 597 domestic rapamycine-eluting stents were implanted in 331 patients.One patient died of pump failure after primary PCI and another patient required emergency CABG because of coronary artery rupture.NSTEMI happened in 3 patients after PCI.The incidence of in-hospital MACE was 1.5%.Three hundred and one patients finished a mean follow-up of 12.3?3.2 months.During the follow up period,non-fatal myocardial infrarction was recorded in 1 case,recurrent angina in 16 cases and target lesion revascularization in 5 cases.The overall MACE rate was 4.3%.Follow-up angiography was completed in 110 patients and the restenosis rate was 5.5%(6/110).Conclusion Domestic rapamycin-eluting stent(Firebird stent) was safe and effective in the treatment of coronary heart disease and may provide a higher cost-effectiveness due to its relatively low price.However,its long-term effect needs more studies to verify.

Objective To investigate the relationship bet wee n cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and the production of anticardiolipin antibody (ACA) in renal transplant recipients.Methods Polymerase c hain reaction (PCR) was used qualitat ively for detection of CMV-DNA in 146 renal transplant recipients.Meanwhile,enz yme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for detection of ACA-IgG in bl ood serum samples from these recipients and 32 healthy individuals. Results The ACA positive rate was 17.1% among the 146 ren al transplant recipients,and that of the control group was 6.3%.There was no sig nificant difference.However,the ACA positive rate of the renal transplant recipi ents infected with CMV was 31.2%.It was clearly higher than that of those with n o infection of CMV and that of the control group (P＜0.005). Con clusion The production of ACA was closely related to CMV infection.It m ight be one of the factors of chronic angiopathy of the transpl anted kidney due to CMV infection.

In order to improve the expression level of segment of GABAA receptor a1 subunit in E. coli, growth conditions of the recombatant, which influence the final yield of protein expression, including growth medium, inoculation ratio, temperature, pH, rotation speed, inducing time and concentration of IPTG and so on, were studied in shaking flasks. The results indicated that, with 3% inoculation ratio, cultured 3.5 hours at 37℃, and then induced 5 hours by IPTG at 32℃, the yield of GABAA receptor protein was 95mg/L and the biomass was 3.25 g/ L. In contrast, using a 16 L stirred fermentor instead of shaking flasks, the highest level of the protein expression, 136mg/L with 4.95g/L of biomass, was achieved after fermenting 5.5 hours.

To study the related substances in nicergoline, electrospray positive ionization high resolution TOF/MS was used for the determination of the accurate mass and elemental composition of the related substances. Triple quadrupoles tandem MS/MS was employed for the determination of the fragmentations of the parent ions. 16 related substances were detected and identified to be eight synthetic by-products and eight degradation products, by using impurity references matching, product mass spectra fragmentations elucidation, and verified further according to synthetic processes and stress testing results. The results obtained are valuable for nicergoline manufacturing process control and quality assurance.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Nicergoline ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

The influence of medium variety、thermal treatment of the soil samples and inhibitor to the isolation effect of actinomycetes was studied by plate paint isolation methods.The results showed that: ①The isolation results of gauze No.1(GA) and straw decay substance agar(SDSA) might reflect basic station of soil actinomycetes. ②Thermal treatment (120℃?1.0h)in soils might promote actinomycetes spore sprouting and increase the quantity and variety of actinomycetes. The quantity and varieties of actinomycetes in the Soils that were treated with 120℃?1.0h were increased by 5.5%～54.9% and 12.5%～100% than the check of none-thermal treatment respectively. But thermal treatment had no effect on reduce the quantity of bacteria. ③The quantity of bacteria had significant reduction by adding 75?g/mL K 2Cr 2O 7 and 1～3?g/mL penicillin at same time to the isolation medium, and had little effect on the quantity and varieties of actinomycetes. Actinomycetes quantity (?10 6cfu/g) and variety of the treating of 75?g/mL K 2Cr 2O 7 and 1～3?g/mL penicillin in No.1 soil on SDSA medium had reductions by 0～58.8% and 0～18.2% compared with treating of 75?g/mL K 2Cr 2O 7, respectively. ④streptomycin might not been used for bacterteria inhabitor in the isolation of actinomycetes.