Objective:To compare the ocular tissue concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters in rabbit's eyes after topically and subconjunctivally administrated with levofloxacin (LVFX).Methods:The concentrations of LVFX in the cornea,aqueous humor,iris-ciliary body,lens and vitreous at different times were measured by high performance liquid chromatography after 0.3% LVFX were topically and subconjunctivally administrated into rabbits.Results:The penetration of LVFX into the cornea,iris-ciliary body,lens and vitreous after subconjunctival injection was significantly higher than that of topically applied one( P

Objective To investigate the safety of inhalation of isoflurane (ISO) or sevoflurane (SEVO) mixed with nitric oxide (NO) during mechanical ventilation.Methods Thirty-six healthy piglets of both sexes weighing 7-11 kg were randomly allocated to one of 6 groups ( n = 6 each): (1) control group was mechanically ventilated with O2; (2) NO group inhaled 20 ppm NO; (3) ISO group inhaled 1.3 MAC isoflurane; (4) ISO + NO group 1.3 MAC isoflurane + 20 ppm NO; (5) SEVO group inhaled 1.3 MAC sevoflurane and (6) SEVO + NO group inhaled 1.3 MAC sevoflurane + 20 ppm NO. The animals were mechanically ventilated with IPPV (VT 10 ml?kg-1 , RR 30-40 bpm, I: E 1:2) for 4 h in the all 6 groups. The animals were premedicated with atropine 0.02 mg?kg-1 i.m. . The Ⅳ line was established for fluid and drug administration. An additional dose of ketamine 10 mg?kg-1 was given i.v. before tracheostomy. 4F S-G catheter was placed in pulmonary artery via right internal jugular vein for hemodynamic monitoring. Femoral artery was cannulated for BP monitoring and collection of artrerial blood samples. MAP, HR, CVP, right ventricular pressure (RVP), PCWP, MPAP and total compliance of respiratory system (Crs), Paw, VT and PET CO2 were recorded before (T0 ) and at 1, 2, 3, 4 h of ventilation (T1-4). Blood samples were taken at T0 , T2 and T4 for determination of Met Hb and NO2- /NO3- . The animals were killed at the end of 4 h mechanical ventilation and the lungs were removed for determination of wet/dry(W/D) lung weight ratio, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and microscopic examination. BALF was collected for determination of surface tension and concentrations of saturated phosphate (DSPC) , total phosphate (TPL) total protein (TP) and white cell count. Results Crs was significantly decreased at the end of ventilation (T4 ) as compared with the baseline (T0) in group 3,4,5 and 6, while there was no significant change in Crs in group 1 and 2. DSPC/TP was significantly lower in group 3,4,5 and 6 than in group 1 ( P 0.05 ) . Conclusion 1.3 MAC isoflurane or sevoflurane mixed with 20 ppm NO can be used safely during mechanical ventilation.

OBJECTIVE: To introduce material science characteristics and clinical application of bone plate. METHODS: The first author retrieved PubMed Database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (http://www.cnki.net/) and Wanfang Database (http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn) for articles addressing material science characteristics and clinical application of bone plate published from 2000 to 2009. The key words included "bone plate, material science characteristics, biocompatibility, clinical application". Testing articles with reliable argument and evidence as well as close topic were included, and simultaneously, non-original articles were excluded. Ultimately, 25 articles were included. We arranged and analyzed material science characteristics, clinical application, advantages and disadvantages of bone plate. RESULTS: From the material science characteristics, the elastic modulus of bone plate should be close to skeleton so as to reduce stress occlusion effects. In clinical application, we should pad attention to the bonding of biological fixation and mechanical fixation to improve plate structure, resulting in decrease in contacting area of plate and skeleton to diminish or prevent osteoporosis in local regions. CONCLUSION: Presently, bone plate materials mainly contain stainless steel, cobalt alloy and titanium alloy in clinic with their advantages and disadvantages. Among them, medical titanium alloy is an ideal in vivo implant. In clinical application, less invasive stabilization plate provides a powerful technique security for early recovery of motor function following fracture, and shows a spacious application prospect.

Objective: To compare cumulative dose technique with single dose technique for determining dose-re sponse relationship of rocuronium during balanced anesthesia. Method: Thirty-four ASA grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients, aged 23- 65 years, undergoing elective surgery,were randomly allocated to single dose group(n=24) or cumulative dose group (n=10). Single dose group was further divided into 4 subgroups receiving 150,200,250 or 300?g/kg of rocuronium re spectively. In cumulative dose group, the initial dose of 150 or 200 ?g/kg rocuronium was followed by a second dose de termined individually to produce about 90% neuromuscular block. The ulnar nerve was stimulated at the wrist to mea sure the accelography of thumb adduction. The relationship between probit-transformed depression of first twitch height of TOF and the logarithm dose of rocuronium was analysed using linear regression. Result: ED_50 and ED_95 of rocuronium were 193.6?69.1 and 367.2?72. 7?g/kg respectively in single dose group, and 213.0?55.1 and 418.5? 61.7?g/kg respectively in cumulative dose group. No statistically significant differences were found in the slope,inter cept,ED_50 and ED_95 values between two groups. Conclusion: The two-dose cumulative technique can be used as effec tively as traditional single dose technique in determining the dose-response relationship of rocuronium.

0. 5mv. LAD occlusion was maintained for 50min and then released for reperfusion (120min) . Myocardial infarct size was measured by nitroblue tetrazolam at the end of experiment. Results There was no statistically significant difference in HR, MAP, cardiac output (CO), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure ( LVEDP) and rate-pressure products ( RPP) among all groups during ischemia and early reperfusion period except for LVEDP in control group which was much higher than that in all preconditioning groups during the late reperfusion period. Compared with the control group, desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane and G+ desflurane reduced myocardial infarct size by 41%, 47%,31.7% and 17.8% respectively without significant homodynamic effects. Myocardial infarct size in G + desflurane groups was significantly larger than that in desflurane group. Conclusion Preconditioning with desflurane, sevoflurane and isoflurane reduce myocardial infarct size in rabbits to some extent. The protective effects may be partly medialed via activation of KATP channel.

Objective To investigate the effect of desflurane pretreatment on the density of muscarinic (M)-receptors on anoxic/reoxygenated rat cardiac myocytes. Methods Myocytes were obtained from ventricle of 2-3 day SD rats and incubated for 3 days. Then they were randomly allocated to one of 5 groups: group I received no treatment and served as control ( n = 5); group Ⅱ underwent 2 h hypoxia (liquid culture medium was insufflated with a gas mixture of 1 % CO2 , 1 % O2 and 98% N2) followed by 1h reoxygenation ( n = 6) ; group Ⅲ was pre-treated with 1.5 MAC desflurane (9% ) for 20 min, followed by 10 min washout before the same duration of hypoxia/reoxygenation as in group II ( n = 6) ; group IV underwent longer duration of hypoxia (48 h) followed by 24 reoxygenation ( n = 5) ; group V was pre-treated with 1.5 MAC desflurane (9% ) for 20 min followed by 10 min washout, then underwent longer duration of hypoxia/reoxygenation as in group IV ( n = 5) . The density of M-receptors was measured by the radio-ligand binding assay (RLBA) .Results The density of M-receptors was significantly lower in group Ⅱthan that in group I ( P

Objective To explore the relationship between the severity of coronary artery lesion and the level of serum bilirubin, uric acid in elder people. Methods 192 elder patients underwent coronary angiography were divided into 5 groups according to the severity of coronary lesion: normal(group A), vessel stenosis

The pharmacodynamics and its circulatory effects of alcuronium and atracurium were investigated in cardiac and noncardiac surgical patients.The results demonstrated that:l Compared with atracurium group,the duration of action of alcuronium is longer in cardiac patients than that of non-cardiac patients, but there is no difference in the onset of action between these two groups; 2. Half of the patients which received alcuronium need reversal with neostigminel 3. The effects on the circulation of these two drugs were nor remarkable;Therefore,alcuronium is also suitable for cardiac and non-cardiac surgical patients

desflurane. The one of hepatotoxic mechanism of inhatational anesthetics may be to inhibit the proliferation and albumin secretion.