Objective To explore the feasibility of using the consensus of European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People(EWGSOP) to diagnose sarcopenia among community-dwelling women aged from seventy to seventy-nine in Shanghai.Methods Twenty-two healthy community-dwelling women were recruited as the subject group(group S),and another ten young girls were randomly selected as the control group(group C).The anthropometry,bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA)and dual energy X-ray absorptionmetry(DEXA)were used to evaluate the circumferences of upper and lower limbs,and the dimension of muscle mass,according to relative appendicular skeletal mass(RASM)and skeletal muscle index(SMI).The grip dynamometer and isokinetic dynamometer were used to measure the muscle strength of upper and lower limbs.The ten meters gait speed,functional reach test,timed up and go test,Berg balance scale and short physical performance battery were all applied to assess the physical performance.The criteria of EWGSOP consensus were applied to diagnose the situation of sarcopenia.Results Firstly,the average biceps circumference and fat mass of upper limbs in group S were significantly higher than group C (P＜0.01),while no significant differences were observed in the muscle mass(P＞0.05).Secondly,RASM values gained from BIA and DEXA in S group were significantly higher than C group(P＜0.05),while the SMI values of the former were significantly lower than the latter(P＜ 0.01).Thirdly,absolute grip strength,relative grip strength and other bio-mechanical indexes of lower limbs in the s group were significantly lower than the C group(P＜0.01);the relative grip strength showed significant correlation with most bio-mechanical indexes of lower limbs.Fourthly,the physical performance in group S declined significantly compared with that of the c group(P＜O.05),and no significant correlation was found between muscle strength and physical performance of upper limbs except the absolute grip strength and gait speed.The prevalence was 0％ according to the RASM index,while the prevalence was 63.6％ and 45.4％ according to the BIA and DEXA respectively.Conclusion The assessing pattern from EWGSOP consensus could not be simply copied to applying on Chinese old people due to serious difference between RASM and SMI.The combination of SMI+relative grip strength+ TUG/SPPB/Berg may be better than the classical mode of RASM+absolute grip strength+gait speed in diagnosing sarcopenia.

Objective To evaluate clinical features,predisposing factors,therapeutic regimen and prognosis of non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis.Methods Clinical picture,therapeutic regimen and prognosis were investigated in 39 cases with non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis by retrospective analysis.Results Non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis mostly presented fever,asthenia,myalgia and/or muscular tenderness,swelling of involved muscles,red urine and oliguria or anuria.The complications and comorbidity of rhabdomyolysis included acute renal failure(ARF),disorders of metabolites and electrolytes,compartmental syndrome,infection,and multiple organ dysfunction.Infection(33.3%)was the most common etiology of non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis,followed by drugs(25.6%),metabolite or electrolyte derangements(10.3%)and alcohol intoxication(7.7%)etc.Therapeutic regimen covered treatment of the underlying diseases,volume repletion,alkalization and dealing with the complications.For the patients with established renal failure,renal replacement therapy was essential.Overall mortality was 15.4%,while the mortality in the patients with ARF was 20.7%.If surviving ARF,the patients' renal function promised to be normalized consequently.Conclusion Non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome with a variety of causes,different clinical presentations and versatile combination of complications,which confounds the diagnosis.However,if treated properly and in time,the survivors in all probability will recover from ARF.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cytarabine ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacology ; Drug Interactions ; Female ; Humans ; Instillation, Drug ; Leukemia ; blood ; drug therapy ; Male ; Methotrexate ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacology ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

The information entropy, H = - Pk log Pk, has been proved in this paper to be always positive and invariant for a linear coordinate transformation, so that it can be used as a measuring index. On the contrary, the integral term of the information entropy, H(x) = -f(x) log f(x) dx, is not always positive and invariant for a linear coordinate transformation. Therefore, H(x) can not be used as a measuring index. An example of a probability density function for response of nerve to electric current with different intensities is given to confirm above conclusions.

Objective To study the spectrum-effect relationship between GC-MS fingerprint of the volatile oil of Atractylodis Rhizoma and the dryness effect of Atractylodis Rhizoma, and clarify the main dryness components of Atractylodis Rhizoma. Methods The volatile oil of different batches of Atractylodis Rhizoma (S1-S9) were analyzed by GC-MS. Using the daily drinking amount of water, the viscosity of whole blood, and the content of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) in the kidney of rats as the indexes of dryness effect of Atractylodes Rhizome, the spectrum-effect relationship was analyzed by the combination of grey relational grade and orthogonal partial least square method. Results The dryness effect of Atractylodis Rhizoma was the combined action of multiple components, and the peaks of the major contribution to dryness effect were 31, 28, and 33, respectively. The corresponding components of the three peaks were β-eudesmol, (-)-aristolene, and bulnesol, which were identified by the spectral library retrieval analysis. Conclusion The main dryness effect components of Atractylodis Rhizoma are β-eudesmol, (-)-aristolene, and bulnesol, which provide a reference for investigating the material basis of dryness effect of Atractylodis Rhizoma.

Objective: To investigate the antihypertensive time-effect and dose-effect features of Sancao jiangya decoction(SCD).Methods: The blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats at different time points were measured after treatment with Sancao jiangya decoction of low,middle,high concentration by tailartery blood pressure measurement for conscious rats.Results: The blood pressure was decreased at 2 hours after drug taken,there were significant dose-effect relationship between the antihypertensive effect and the low,middle,high dose.At 4h after drug taken,the high,middle dose had dose-effect correlation,but the low-dose had no antihypertensive effect.Further research on the middledose shows that the blood pressure reduced at 1h after drug taken,and the stable antihypertensive effect was keeping during 1-4h,the blood pressure began to rise at 6h,and got back to the level before drug taken at 8h.Conclusion: To choose the Middle-dose(10.4g crude drug/kg body weight) and 2h after drug taken is appropriate for SCD's use.This result laid a substantial foundation for further research on effects evaluation and mechanism of antihypertensive medicine.

Objective To investigate whether IL-17 could stimulate the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production on HaCaT cells alone. We also investigated whether shikonin could inhibited the proinflamation effects of interleukin-17(IL-17) acting on HaCaT cells. MethodsWe examined the expression of VEGF by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) and realtime polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) in HaCaT cells and the cell supernatant. The viability of HaCaT cells in the drug group was detected by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). ResultsThe expression of VEGF in different time IL-17-stimulated groups on HaCaT cells and the cell supernatant were higher than the control group( P＜0.001 ). The expression of VEGF in different drug treatment groups on HaCaT cells and the cell supematant were lower than the stimulated group by IL-17 ( P＜0. 001 ). The cell viability of different drug treatment groups have no significant difference( P＞0.05 ). ConclusionWe show that IL-17 specifically and time-dependently augmented and induced VEGF expression on HaCaT cells and the cell supernatantThen shikonin markedly inhibited the increase tengency of IL-17 effection on HaCaT cells and the cell supematant level.

Objective To explore the relationship between the women menopausal period and metabolic syndrome (MS) .Meth-ods The female residents of Chongqing urban areas above 40 years were selected as the investigation group ,all the subjects were performed the questionnaire survey and the physical examination ,at the same time the biochemical indexes were detected .Finally , 1402 women of natural menopause were included in this study .The study subjects were divided into different groups according to the menopausal period of <5 years ,5- <10 years ,10- <15 years and ≥15 years .The Logistic regression analysis was adopted to analyze the relationship between the menopausal period with MS and its components .Results The MS prevalence in this group was 40 .87% ,and the menopausal period of the women with MS was significantly higher than that without MS (P<0 .05) .The MS prevalences of postmenopausal women in the menopause period of <5 years ,5 - <10 years ,10 - <15 years and ≥15 years were 29 .37% ,34 .29% ,45 .30% and 49 .13% respectively (P<0 .05) .After adjustment for age and BMI (except central obesity ) ,the MS risk in the menopausal period of 10- <15 years and was 1 .54 times of that in the menopausal period of <5 years .The Logis-tic regression analysis showed that BMI and menopausal period were the influence factors of MS .Conclusion Post-menopausal women are the high-risk group of MS and the menopausal period is correlated to MS .

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) and the first-phase of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic β cell under different glucose tolerance statuses. Methods Fifty-six patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM group), 52 patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT group), and 42 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT group) underwent intravenous glucose tolerance test. Fasting serum SFRP4 and interleukin ( IL)-1β were assayed by ELISA. Acute insulin response ( AIR), the area under the curve of the first-phase (0-10 min) insulin secretion (AUC), glucose disposition index(GDI), homeostasis model assessment for β cell function index(HOMA-β), and insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) were calculated. Results (1) The levels of SFRP4 and IL-1β in T2DM group and IGT group were significantly higher than that in NGT group [(184. 38 ± 61. 34 or 141. 64 ± 40. 46 or 95. 46 ± 20. 13)ng/ ml, P<0. 01]. AIR, AUC, and GDI in T2DM group and IGT group were significantly lower than those in NGT group(P<0. 01), and these results were more significantly reduced in T2DM group compared with those in IGT group. (2) SFRP4 was negatively correlated with AIR, AUC, GDI, HOMA-β (P<0. 01), and positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose, 2 h plasma glucose after glucose loading, HbA1C , IL-1β, and high sensitive C-reactive protein(P<0. 01). (3) Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that AUC, HOMA-IR, and serum IL-1β level were independently associated with SFRP4. Conclusion The concentration of serum SFRP4 is closely correlated with the glycolipid metabolic disorder, the first-phase of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and chronic low-grade inflammation. SFRP4 may be involved in the mechanism of β cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective To explore the characteristics and clinical significance of lung function in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Methods The pulmonary ventilation function of 60 cases of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia was tested in the acute stage and 2 weeks after treatment by the pneumatometer made by JAEGER company in Germany. FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEF25,FEF50、FEF75 and MMEF75/25 was detected. Results In acute phase, lung function indexs (FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEF25, FEF50, FEF75, MMEF75/25) of 60 children with MPP were less than expected:(1.56 ± 0.53) L vs.(1.99 ± 0.69) L, (1.37 ± 0.47) L vs. (1.68 ± 0.57) L, (2.90 ± 0.86) L/s vs. (3.95 ± 1.08) L/s, (2.48 ± 0.67) L/s vs. (3.56 ± 0.89) L/s, (1.42 ± 0.41) L/s vs. (2.51 ± 0.64) L/s, (0.65 ± 0.20) L/s vs. (1.28 ± 0.33) L/s, (1.22 ± 0.77) L/s vs.(2.18 ± 0.61) L/s], and there were significant difference (P<0.01). In recovery period, the level of FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEF25, FEF50, FEF75, MMEF75/25 was significantly better than that in acute phase: (98.80 ± 9.34)% vs.(79.14 ± 6.28)%, (98.67 ± 8.28)% vs. (81.63 ± 6.56)%, (86.23 ± 6.86)% vs.(73.17 ± 6.21)%, (85.17 ± 7.86)% vs. (69.79 ± 8.16)%, (79.08 ± 7.99)% vs. (56.57 ± 8.77)%, (70.85 ± 7.48)% vs. (50.66 ± 9.86)%, (77.35 ± 6.81)% vs. (56.19 ± 9.61)%, P<0.01. Conclusions In the acute stage, the pulmonary function of children with MPP shows hybrid ventilation dysfunction. In the recovery period, pulmonary function index improves significantly, but there are still abnormal small airway indicators.