Humans ; Nose ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Petrous Bone ; anatomy & histology ; surgery

Objective To investigate the status of hold vaccination contraindication knowledge by Zhengzhou Municipal vaccination staff for improving the vaccination service.Methods To sample 54 vaccination clinics with Stratified random samping 216 Expanded Program on Immunigation (EPI) staff were suvveyed by questionnaire and analyse the data with descriprive method.Results The knowledge rate on contraindications was 56.9%,knowledge was mainly come from vaccine manual,professional books and tranining.Conclusion The EPI staff's contraindications knowledge was weak,and vaccination contraindication rules should be developed to guide actual work as soon as possible.

Objective To develop a rapid specific method to detect HBV gene mutation by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Methords The patients of YMDD and YIDD mutation were detected by DNA sequencing.Results the DNA sequencing demonstrated that not only YMDD and YIDD/YVDD mutation, but LLLL,LMLL,DLHD,DMHD,LLAQ and LMAQ mutation were also detected in different hepatitis B patients. The results of PCR-RFLP indicated that there were different restricted sites in the distinct mutation.Conclusion The results above indicated that all these mutants exist in the initiator codon of ATG(Met). The mutation of LMLL DMHD LMAQ was associated with Lamivordin treatment. Whether mutation of Met links with the second replicating of HBV needs to be further studied.

Aim: To investigate the chemical components in Zhizidahuang decoction( ZZDHD) to reveal the possible material therapeutic basis. Methods: High performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector and tandem mass spectrometry ( HPLC-PDA-MS/MS) was applied to simultaneously characterize the chemical components and their structures in ZZDHD. The analysis was preformed on a Lichrospher C_(18) column using a binary eluent of 0. 1% acetic acid( A) and methanol( B) mixed under the gradient mode; UV spectra were scaned from 210 nm to 480 nm; negative ESI experiments in data-dependent scan mode were performed. Results: HPLC-PDA-MS/MS chromatogram of ZZDHD was achieved. Based on UV spectral data, information of molecular weight and mass fragmentation behaviors connected with extracted ion current( EIC) chromatogram, twenty kinds of components were detected and identified, including flavonoids, anthraquinones, iridoids and other constituents. Conclusion: The method presented in this study, which combined HPLC with UV and MS, allowes the characterization of compounds in the complex herbal system even without the reference standards.

Under physiological conditions, many vital functions of the body are controlled by transient release of bioactive substances at a specific time and site. Based on the circadian rhythm character of disease and chronotherapeutic conceptions, pulsatile delivery system has been designed to achieve optimal therapeutic effect and reduce the toxic and side-effect. In recent years, more and more studies are focused on the pulsatile multiparticulate drug delivery system. Pulsatile multiparticulate system possesses many benefits, such as no risk of dose dumping, predictable gastric emptying, flexible release patterns and increased bioavailability. Based on these premises, the aim of this review is to summarize the major design methods of pulsatile multiparticulate and the research progress.

Endoscopy ; education ; Humans ; Skull Base ; surgery

Some types of bacteria swim through rotating their flagella. The swimming mechanism of bacteria during flagella bundling and tumble process is analyzed. The effects of body rotation and flagellum′s polymorphic transitions on bundling processes and the wall effect phenomenon are also discussed. Finally, based on dynamics similarity, a new microrobot module is put forward to further studying the flagella swimming phenomena. The research would be very helpful for constructing the bionic swimming robots under the low Reynolds number.

Objective To study the changes of blood arginine vaso-pression(AVP)levels in patients with severe brain injury after treated with mild hypotherima.Methods Seventy-eight patients with severe brain injury were divided into mild hypothermia(33～35℃)group and normothermia group.The blood AVP levels and CSF AVP levels were determined at the third and the seventh day after brain injury.Results The AVP levels in blood and CSF of mild hypothermia group were lower than those of the normothermia group at the third and seventh day after brain injury(P＜0.05).According to GOS,prognosis of the mild hypothermia group was better than that of the nonnotbcrmia group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The mild hypothermia treatment may have inhibitive effects on the production of blood AVP,CSF AVP,and brain edema.Mild hypothermia is an effective method in the treatment of acute severe brain iniury in reducing the mortality and in increasing the survival rate.

Objective To compare different dose of remifentanil combined with propofol for painless abortion and approach to an appropriate dose of remifentanil.Methods Ninety pregnant women with ASA 1 were randomly divided into three groups(n=30)before administrating remifetanil,a bolus midazolam 1 mg was injected inminutes later.These two drugs did not stop administration until three minutes before the end of negative suction.MAP,HR,SpO2,BIS,RR,VT,PET CO2 were monitored.The onset,operation and recovery time,sedation score and adverse reaction were recorded.Results Sedation scores were significantly different between group A and C [(3.90±0.97)and(4.90±0.85),t=4.24,P＜0.01].Three cases in group A were found moving.MAP,HR,BIS decreased as compared witll baseline.HR reduced significantly in group C(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Respiratory movement was lower and shallower.RR,VT decreased compared to preoperative one.PET C02 increased gradually (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).There were two cases of respiratory depressing in group A,four cases in group B and ten cases in group C(five cases apnea more than three minutes).All patients used oxygen mask to maintain SpO2＞95%.Incidence of adverse reactions such as chest titanic,nausea and vomiting,itching were of no difference among three groups(P＞0.05).All patients were satisfied with anesthesia.Conclusion The appropriate infusing dose of remifetory devices such as oxygen mask and monitoring life signs are very important to prevent respiratory depress and bradycardia during operation.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of MR PWI in judging maturity and variability of tumor vasculature in gliomas in rats.Methods Twenty male SD rats were randomly assigned to tumor group and control group.Four weeks after implantation of C6 glioma cells in the brains of tumor group and injection of saline in the brains of control group,all rats were examined using MR PWI before and after inhalation of a mixture of 10% CO2 and 90%air.PaCO2 and blood pH values of rats were monitored.Relative cerebral blood volume(rCBV)and relative cerebral blood flow(rCBF)values of tumors and normal brain tissue were measured.Brain sample were examined histologically using HE and immunohistochemical staining for smooth muscle actin(SMA).The histological features of gliomas were observed and SMA positively stained vessels of each tumor were counted manually using a light microscope.Perfusion data and pathological findings were analyzed statistically with SPSS for Windows.Results PaCO2 increased significantly[from(4.69±0.62)kPa to(7.62±0.81)kPa in tumor group and from(4.67±0.51)kPa to(7.63±0.78)kPa in control group,P＜0.05)after inhalation of the mixed gas.The rCBV and rCBF values of tumor core were remarkably greater than those of normal contralateral brain tissue.The increasing rate of rCBV and rCBF values in gliomas[(26±17)%and(26±18)%respectively]were significantly less than those in normal brain tissue[(90±32)%and(45±14)%repectively](t=5.05 and 2.355,P＜0.05)Immunohistochemical staining of 10 tumors as well as contralateral brain tissue all demonstrated positive SMA expression in the smooth muscles of the vessels.The vascular walls of positive SMA labeled vessels within tumors were thinner and their vascular lumen wider than those within normal brain tissues.The number of SMA(+)vessels in tumors[(6.7±2.8)/HP]was statistically less than that in contralateral brain tissue[(12.7±2.8)/HP](t=1.86,P＜0.01).Changing rate of rCBV,rCBF of the tumor cores and number of the positive SMA labeled vessels showed no correlation(r=0.504 and 0.607,P＞0.05),while changing rate of rCBV,rCBF in normal brain tissue correlated well with number of positive SMA labeled vessels(r=0.721 and 0.525,P＜0.05).Conclusion PWI can detect the hemodynamic change induced by PaCO2 increase in the normal brain and in the tumor.It may be a useful technique to measure maturity of tumor vessels.