Objective To determine the half-effective target plasma concentration(EC50)of remifentanil inhibiting airway response when combined with propofol by TCI in patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy.Methods Forty ASAⅠorⅡ patients,aged 20-64 yr, undergoing elective fiberoptic bronchoscopy, were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 20 each).Anesthesia was performed with TCI of remifentanil and propofol in both groups. The target effect site concentration of propofol was 3 μg/ml.The target effect site concentration of remifentanil was determined by up-and-down sequential hial. The target effect site concentration of remifentanil was set at 5 μg/ml in the first patient and the ratio of the target concentrations between the two consecutive patients was 1.1. BIS ≤ 60 was defined as the suitable depth of anesthesia in group A.The airway response≤grade Ⅱ was defined as the suitable depth of anesthesia in group B. The EC50 and 95% confidence interval (CI) required to inhibit the airway response were calculated in the two groups.Results The EC50 and 95% CI of remifentanil required to inhibit the airway response were 4.50μg/L (95% CI 3.88-5.36 μg/L)in group A and 4.10μg/L(95% GI 3.31-5.00 μg/L) in group B. The EC50 of remifentanil inhibiting airway response was significantly higher in group A than in group B. Conclusion The EC50 of remifentanil inhibiting airway response is 4.10 μg/L when combined with propofol by TGI (effect site concentration 3μg/ml)in patients undergoing bronchoscopy. BIS is not a suitable index assessing the depth of propofol-remifentanil anesthesia.

Objective To evaluate the changes in the expression of diplopore potassium ion channel TRESK mRNA in dorsal root ganlion (DRG) in rats with neuropathic pain (NP) .Methods Thirty-two male SD rats weighing 220-250 g were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 16 each) : group sham operation (group S) and group NP. NP was induced by ligation and severance of left tibial and common fibular nerves according to the technique described by Decosterd. Eight rats in each group were sacrificed 1 day before and 14 day after operation and their L4,5 DRGs in the operated side were isolated for determination of TRESK mRNA expression by RT-PCR. In the remaining 8 rats in each group paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimuli ( MWT) and paw withdrawal latency to a thermal nociceptive stimulus (TWL) were measured at 1 day before (baseline) and 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 day after operation. Results MWT was significantly lower in group NP than in group S. The TRESK mRNA expression in L4,5 DRGs in the operated side was significantly decreased after operation as compared with the baseline before operation in group NP and was significantly lower in group NP than in group S. Conclusion The development and maintenance of NP may be closely related with down-regulation of TRESK mRNA.

Objective To construct rat TRESK gene recombinant adenovirus expression vector.Methods TRESK full-length cDNA was cloned from rat dorsal root ganglion cells and confirmed by RT-PCR and sequencing. pAd/CMV/V5-DEST-TRESK was then constructed under the control of CMV-promotor. DH5α colibacillus was translated and the positive recombinants were subsequently identified by PCR and DNA sequencing. 293T cells were cotransfected and packed to produce adenovirus. Results The titer of virus was tested using Hole-by-dilution titer method. The full length of TRESK from rat dorsal root ganglion cells is 781 bp. It was demonstrated that the DNA sequencing was completely consistent with TRESK sequencing of rat recorded in GeneBank. The PCR amplification of the pAd/CMV/V5-DEST-TRESK gDNA was matched with pAD-GFP blank vector as anticipated. The titer of the concentrated virus was 1.31×109 TU/ml. Conclusion Rat TRESK gene recombinant adenovirus vector is constructed successfully.

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between any two of Capsule Endoscopy ScroringIndex (Lewis score),simplified Crohn Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in small bowel Crohn disease (CD).MethodsA total of 58 consecutive patients with known small bowel CD were enrolled. We evaluated disease activity with Lewis score and simplified CDAI. Correlations among CRP,simplified CDAI and Lewis score were calculated with Spearman's rank order correlation coefficient.The optimal CRP cut-off value was calculated using the ROC curve.ResultsThe Lewis score showed inactive,mild and moderate-severe patients were 13,21 and 24,respectively.CRP of moderate-severe group was significantly higher than that in mild and inactive groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The optimal CRP cut-off value that differentiated patients with moderate to severe disease from the others was 13.50 mg/L with sensitivity of 87.5％ and specificity of 82.4％.The area under the ROC curve to analyze the cut-off was 0.849.Lewis score was moderately correlated with CRP (r =0.58,P ＜ 0.01 ),and weakly correlated with the simplified CDAI (r =0.40,P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionSerum CRP and the simplified CDAI cannot replace Lewis score for capsule endoscopy in the assessment of disease activity in small bowel CD.However,CRP may be considered as an inflammatory marker for evaluating the moderate to severe capsule endoscopic activity.

Observations were conducted on 11 kinds of tissues and organs(brown adipose tissue, thymus gland, blood, heart, lungs, muscle, bone, kidneys, spleen, liver, and intestine) in experimental animals, which were fed on crops from endemic areas of Keshan disease and non-endemic areas for 8-13 weeks. The absorption and distribution of 75Se (Na2 SeO3) in above tissue and organs were studied. Results revealed that the absorption of Na2-SeO3 in experimental group fed on crops from endemic area was higher than control group fed on crops from non-endemic area. The gradient of distribution of 75Se in various organs was regular: The highest absorption was in kidneys, the lesser was in liver, spleen and thyrnus, the least was in muscle, heart and bones.In one week observation, the contents of 75Se changed as time passed, but the fluctuating changes of the two groups were different.The regular differences of 75Se absorption as above, revealed a distinction between endemic and non-endemic crops. Under the influences of the crops on experimental animals, there appeared more or less a condition of selenium deficiency, which proved that the soil-water-food chain had apparently influenced the selenium metabolism of the organisms.

Objectives To investigate the effects of cell aging on the disorders relating to gastric mucosa aging.Methods A treatment of 200 μmol/L H2O2 was used to induce senescence of human gastric epithelial cell line GES-1,and the cell growth curve was monitored.Senescence secretory phenotypes were observed by detecting the protein level of p53 and p16INK4a with senescence-associated β-galactosidase(SA-β gal)staining and Western blot testing.The mRNA levels of senescence-associated secretory phenotype(SASP)factors in human gastric epithelial GES-1 cell including IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,TGF-β、IFN-γ,and VEGF-A were detected by RT PCR.The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,TGF-β,IFN-γ,and VEGF in the conditioned medium were detected by ELISA analysis.Results The 200 μmol/L H2O2-induced GES-1 cells stopped proliferating after 3 days of treatment,and cells enlarged and flattened at 10 days.The increased SA-β-gal staining(P＜0.001) and the increased expression levels of p53 and p16INK4a proteins indicated the success of establishing the aging model of GES-1.The mRNA levels of IL 1β,IL6,IL8,TGF-β,and IFNγ were higher(t=2.94,3.38,3.15,3.64,2.97;P=0.015,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000)and the mRNA level of VEGF-A was lower(t=2.31,P =0.20) in senescent GES-1 cells than in the control group.In the conditioned medium of senescent GES-1 cells,the levels of IL-1β,IL6,IL8,TGF-β1,and IFNγ were higher in the H2O2-induced group [(3.12±0.21)μg/L,(4.26±0.15)μg/L,(3.37±0.14)μg/L,(5.34±0.19)μg/L,and(2.90±0.47)μg/L]than in the negative control group[(0.24±0.04,0.04±0.07,0.52±0.02,1.05±0.10,0.52±0.02,respectively,P＜0.001)],while the level of VEGF was lower in the H2O2-induced group than in the negative control group(0.21±0.03)μg/L vs (0.59±0.07)μg/L(P＜0.05).Conclusions The changes in senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors of the aging human gastric epithelial cells induced by oxidative stress may promote chronic gastritis and gastric cancer.

Objective To investigate the clinical,endoscopic and pathological features of gastritis cystica profunda (GCP).Methods A total of 40 patients with GCP confirmed by pathology who received endoscopic or surgical treatment at Renji Hospital,School of Medicine,Shanghai Jiaotong University from May 2013 to May 2018,were included in the retrospective analysis.The clinical data such as population composition,clinical manifestations,endoscopic findings and pathological results were summarized and analyzed.Results Among the 40 patients were predominantly males (75.0％,30/40),and the mean age of onset was 61.2 years.The most common sites were cardia (32.5％,13/40) and gastric antrum (30.0％,12/40).The clinical symptoms of the patients were atypical and it was difficult to diagnose GCP with routine endoscopy examination.The endoscopic findings were mostly type 0-Ⅱ (50.0％,20/40).GCP with neoplastic lesions accounted for 55％ (22/40).Unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that male (P =0.013,OR =31.093,95％ CI:2.079-464.976) and Helicobacter pylori infection (P =0.041,OR =10.225,95％ CI:1.096-95.411) were risk factors for GCP with neoplastic lesions.Conclusion GCP commonly occurs in middle-aged and elderly men,and varies in different manifestations under white light endoscopy.GCP is not a benign lesion,but can also coexist with neoplastic lesions,which are mostly differentiated intramucosal cancer.