Nowadays,with the sharply increasing morbidity and stable high mortality,tumor has become the greatest threaten for human health and life.After taking a view of preservations,diagnoses and treatments on tumor, oncologists considered the cure rate had not improved evidently in patients with advanced tumor in the past several decades even though the total cure rate and survival rate had increased.Facing the puzzle,people should evaluate original tumorigenic theories again.A review about it was presented here.

Retinoblastoma is the most common intraoeular malignant tumor in children.In its treatment,drug therapy is one of the most effective and irreplaceable methods.To reduce the toxicity of drugs,enhance the therapeutic effect and lessen drug resistance, some new drug deliver systems and new medicines for retinoblastoma are coming into being.Ophthalmic arterial infusion,fibrin sealant and iontophoresis are newly-found drug deliver systems.And the latest drugs under research include nutlins,phenoxazine derivative Phx-1,combretastatin A4 phosphate,2-deoxy-d-glucose and histone deacetylase inhibitors,etc.The following text is focused on the two aspects of the drug therapy for retinoblastoma.

Mitochondria play an important role in energy ( ATP ) production through oxidative phosphorylation pathway and the regulation of cell death by apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Glaucoma as a neurodegenerative disorder, mitochondrial oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of glaucoma and the damage of RGCs has received close attention in recent years. ln this article, we reviewed the current evidences and recent advances in the relationship between mitochondrial oxidative stress and the RGCs apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of silymarin on expressions of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-?B) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) in the kidneys of rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO)-induced renal fibrosis.Methods Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham-operated group(n=24),operated group(n=24) and silymarin treated group(n=24).Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis model was established via UUO.Silymarin was given by gavage with 30 mg/(kg?d) in silymarin treated group,and the same volume normal saline was given by gavage in operated group and sham-operated group.In each group,8 rats were killed at 7,14 and 21 d after operation.Histological changes were observed in tubulointerstitial injury under microscope.The expressions of NF-?B and ICAM-1 in renal tissue were determined with immunohistochemical method.Results Tubuloin-terstitial injury scores in operated group at 7,14 and 21 d were 1.168?0.108,1.776?0.064 and 2.301?0.157,respectively,and Tubulointerstitial injury scores in the treated group at 7,14 and 21 d were 1.043?0.114,1.677?0.083 and 2.084?0.201,respectively.Tubulointerstitial injury scores in silymarin treated group were significantly lower than those in operated group(Pa

Objective　To assess the value of real-time myocardial contrast enhancement imaging (real-time MCE) on acute myocardial infarction.Methods　Eight open-chest canine models of myocardial infarction were established by ligating left anterior descent branch of coronary artery (LAD) on level after first diagonal branch. The real-time MCE, using intravenous instillation of a new kind of Perfluorocarbon contrast agent， were performed before the occlusion, 1 hour and 3 hours after the occlusion. The myocardial contrast agents perfusion and wall motion was observed on the middle of papillary muscles scan plane.Results　The real-time MCE showed not only the black aridity of contrast agents but also the wall motion abnormality 1 hour and 3 hours after the occlusion. In comparison with pathology, the defects of contrast perfusion were larger than the stained infarction zones. In addition, the flash contrast imaging revealed the reperfusion defect of adjacent zones.Conclusions　With the ability of showing the myocardial microcirculation and wall motion function simultaneously, the real-time MCE makes MCE exam significantly easier to perform. Finally, flash contrast imaging will be the cornerstone upon which perfusion quantification will be built.

Drug-Eluting Stents ; Humans ; Prosthesis Failure

Objective To explore a simple and effective method of culturing primary human bronchial epithelial cells.Methods Bronchial epithelial cells were obtained from human bronchial tissues obtained from lobectomy or pneumectomy.Epithelial cells were isolated by three methods as fellows:1.proteinase XIV digestion with mechanical scraping,2.proteinase XIV digestion with mechanical stripping,and 3.trypsin digestion with mechanical scraping.Subsequently the cells were cultured in serum-free hormone-supplemented DMEM/F12.The quantity,purity and viability of cells isolated by three methods were compared.The cultured cells were identified with cytokeratins AE1/AE3 by immunohistochemistry.Results The quantity of cells [(9.37?1.62)?105] obtained from proteinase XIV digestion with mechanical scraping was significantly higher than that of proteinase XIV digestion with mechanical stripping [(5.20?0.75)?105](P

The initiation and operation of the tissue repair program between the broken ends after fracture is very important for fracture healing, which goes through three intertwined and gradual evolution stages: hematoma inflammatory organization stage, primitive callus formation stage and callus remodeling stage. It is completed by a variety of tissues, cells and cytokines in the bone marrow cavity. In the study of the mechanism of fracture healing, it is found that there are many signal pathways and molecules regulating bone repair, including bone formation, bone remodeling and neovascularization. At the cellular level, it regulates osteoblasts, chondrocytes, osteoclasts and endothelial cells. Hippo signaling pathway is a signal pathway that maintains the size of organs and the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis, and also plays an important role in maintaining bone homeostasis and bone metabolism. In the process of regulating bone development and repair, it regulates the physiological activities of cells in microenvironment through protein kinase cascade reaction and transcriptional coactivator. The upstream and downstream effectors of Hippo signal pathway directly or indirectly regulate the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of bone metabolic cells, and the interaction with Wnt signal pathway, Notch signal pathway and other important pathways related to bone repair show that Hippo signal pathway plays an important role in the regulation of fracture healing and may become a new target to promote fracture healing. This article reviews the regulatory mechanism of Hippo signaling pathway and its regulatory role in the process of fracture healing, and looks forward to the research prospect of promoting bone healing by using it as a target.

Objective: To investigate the effect of tumor specific antigen of HCA520 on the proliferation of HEK293 cells and to obtain some functional implications for HCA520. Methods: MTT assay was performed with HEK293 stable cell lines transfected with pcDNA3-HCA520-flag construct. Cytokines probably involved in HCA520 enhanced proliferation were screened by RT-PCR, and effect of these cytokines on the HEK293 cell proliferation was further confirmed by MTT assay. Results: HCA520 significantly promoted the proliferation of HEK293 cells, which was at least partially attributed to the up-regulation of IL-6 in HEK293 cells by HCA520. Conclusion: HCA520 might accelerate tumorigenesis by promoting proliferation of cancerous cells.

Objective To investigate induction of the expression of human ?-defensin-2 (hBD-2) mRNA and the changes in activation of I-?B? and NF-?B by IL-1? in the human airway epithelium. Methods Primary human respiratory tract epithelium were stimulated with IL-1? and and/or PDTC. The expression of hBD-2 mRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The I-?B? protein level in the cytoplasm was determined by Western blot, and the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-?B) binding activity was analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Results The hBD-2 mRNA expression could be detected after 1.5 hours of IL-1? stimulation at concentration of 1?g/L, and the expression of HBD-2 was in a dose dependent manner. Stimulation with IL-1? resulted in a reduction of I-?B? protein levels. The supershifts assays indicated that the p65-p50 heterodimer complexes of NF-?B were involved in the activation of NF-?B. Conclusions I-?B? can induce the expression of HBD-2 mRNA in a dose dependent manner; the p65-p50 heterodimer complexes of NF-?B play an important role in the regulation of hBD-2 gene expression in response to IL-1?.