Objective To explore the fatigue in patients with rheumatic diseases and put forward nursing countermeasures.Methods 173 patients with rheumatic diseases were investigated by Fatigue Scale-14 (FS-14) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS).Results The score of physical fatigue,mental fatigue and total score in the patients were 5.03±2.19,2.62±1.56,7.65±3.03,respectively,which were higher than those in healthy people (P＜ 0.01).Of the 173 patients,74 (42.8％) patients suffered from physical fatigue,52 (30.1％) patients suffered from mental fatigue,32 (18.5％) patients suffered from both.There were statistical differences in the physical fatigue and total score (P ＜ 0.01),no statistical difference in the mental fatigue (P ＞ 0.05) among the groups,which were divided according to the course of disease.There were statistical differences in the physical fatigue,mental fatigue and total score among the groups,which were divided according to the depression index (F=5.28,5.98,8.58,P ＜ 0.01).The regression analysis further showed the course of disease and depression index could positively predict the fatigue in patients with rheumatic diseases.Conclusions The prevalence of fatigue was high in patients with rheumatic diseases,the course of disease and depression influenced the fatigue in patients.Controlling deterioration of disease and relieving psychological stress would help prevent and alleviate the fatigue in patients with rheumatic diseases.

To evaluate percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) with continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions in intensive care unit (ICU) elder patients.A total of 32 elder patients were selected randomly for PDT and 36 controls for traditional surgical tracheostomy (TST).The PDT group required regular mechanical ventilation with continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions.The operative duration was significantly shorter in PDT group than that in TST group [ ( 10.6 ±3.4)vs.(30.9 ±7.1)min,P ＜0.01].Incision length was significantly less in PDT group than that in TST group [ ( 1.3 ± 0.2 ) vs.(3.2 ± 0.3 )cm,P ＜0.01].Blood loss volume was significantly less in PDT group than that in TST group [ ( 10.4 ±3.8 ) vs.(40.7 ± 11.7 ) ml,P ＜ 0.01].The incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) was significantly lower in PDT group than that in TST group ( 15.6％ vs.38.9％,P ＜ 0.05 ).With multiple advantages of mini-invasiveness,safety,simplicity,convenience and easier installation,PDT is quite suitable for elder patients in ICU.

A large number of studies showed that hairy leukoplakia,pseudomembranous candidiasis,Kaposi' sarcoma,non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,linear gingival erythema,necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis and necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis were the most common lesions in patients with HIV infection and AIDS,and their higher prevalence and incidence rates correlated with the falling CD4 counts and higher virus load of the patients.The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) was associated with decreases in the prevalence of oral diseases.Oral manifestations may represent early signs of AIDS di-sease and call attention to disease progression.Oral fluid has been shown to possess superior sensitivity for HIV antibody detection as serum.Abstract:SUMM ARY A large number of stud ies showed that hairy leukoplakia,pseudomembranous cand id iasis,decreases in the prevalence of oral d iseases.Oral manifestations may represent early signs of AIDS d i-sease and call attention to d isease progression.Oral fluid has been shown to possess superior sensitivity forHIV antibody detection as serum.Kaposi’sarcoma,non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma,linear gingival erythema,necrotizing ulcerative periodonti-tis and necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis were the most common lesions in patients with HIV infection and AIDS,and their higher prevalence and incidence rates correlated with the falling CD4 counts and higher virus load of the patients.The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) was associated with

Objective To observe changes on those parameters on pletelet and hemoglobin of urinaemia patients by treatments of dialysis.Methods candidators are divided into three groups respectively-a control group,two case groups.The two case groups are consist of patients who are treated through dialysis on not.In the three groups,the parameters on pletelet,hemoglobin,MPV and PDW are measured on hemocytometer in our laboratory. Results Dramatic difference is made in the parameters on PLT,Hb,MPV and PDW between the formers of dialysis and the control group.(P

AIM:To investigate LPS(lipopolysaccharide)stimulated cytokine secretion from normal rat kupffer cells in vitro. METHODS: Kupffer cells were isolated from wistar rats liver and cultured. Tumor necrosis factor - α (TNF- α) and endothelin- 1 (ET- 1 ) secreted by LPS stimulated kupffer cells were detected. RESULTS: LPS had an stimulative effect on kupffer cell activity. LPS in definite concentrations promoted kupffer cell secretion. CONCLUSION: LPS promotes kupffer cell secretion, which may be associated with liver injury induced by LPS.

Objective To inspect the rate of success of anastomosis and tissue damage with different power levels of photocoagulation in the treatment of experimental branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) by laser induced chorioretinal venous anastomosis. Methods Forty pigmented rabbits (80 eyes) were divided into four groups in random, and 10 (20 eyes) in each. Chroioretinal venous anastomosis was attempted to create using the krypton red laser with 4 different power levels (group A: 400 mW,group B: 600 mW,group C: 800 mW,group D: 1000 mW) in these animals in which BRVO had previously been created photodynamically. Fundus photography and fundus fluorescein angiography were performed at various times after the treatment and histological examination was taken at the end of the study. Results The model of BRVO was successfully set up. At the lowest power of 400 mW there was an absence of anastomosis formation and the damage to the retina and choroid was mild, Bruch′s membrane showed no evidence of rupture. At the power levels of 600 mW and 800 mW an anastomosis formed in 15% and 55% respectively and the damage was medium in degree. At the highest power level of 1 000 mW a 80% rate of success was obtained, however, the damage to the retina and choroid tended to be severe. The difference of the rate of success of anastomosis between different groups was highly significant ( P =0 001), the difference between group B and group C was also highly significant ( P BC =0.008), and the difference between group A and group B, group C and group D was not significant ( P AB =0 072、 P CD =0 091). Conclusion The optimal power level of krypton red laser induced chorioretinal venous anastomosis is 800 mW, 0.1 s, 50 ?m in our study.

Objective To investigate the effects of FTY720 on retinal photoreceptor cells and microglial following light-induced degeneration in rat retina.Methods 120 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups including FTY720 group,solvent control group,model group and normal group.The rats of normal group were not intervened.The FTY720 group,solvent control group and model group establish retinal light injury mode.FTY720 was injected into abdominal cavity of the rats in FTY720 group 0.5 hours before light exposure.50％ dimethylsulfoxide was injected into abdominal cavity of the rats in solvent control group.The expressions of microglial cells in rat retinal were quantified using flow cytometry,the expressions of interleukin (IL)-1β were examined by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay at 6 hours,1 day,3 days,7 days after light exposure.The apoptosis of retinal photoreceptor cells were measured by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling at 1 day after light exposure.The morphological change of retinal were viewed by haematoxylin and eosin staining at 7 days after light exposure.Results The expressions of microgilal and IL-1β began to rise at 1 day after light exposure,reached at peak at 3 days and decreased at 7 days.The expressions of IL-1βand microglial in FTY720 group were significantly lower than solvent control group and model group,but higher than normal group (P＜0.05).One day after exposure to light,the apoptosis cell ratio in normal group,model group,solvent control group and FTY720 group were 0,(87.66 ± 2.50) ％,(86.00 ± 2.44) ％,(49.66 ± 2.80) ％.The apoptosis cell in FTY720 group were higher than normal group,lower than solvent control group and model group (P＜0.05).Seven days after exposure to light,the retinal in normal group was structured and the cell was arranged well,the cell in solvent control group and model group was irregular arrangement and the outer nuclear layer (ONL) was thin after light exposure.The thickness of the ONL in FTY720 group was significantly higher than solvent control group and model group,below normal group.Conclusion FTY720 can prevents retinal photoreceptor cells from apoptosis and inhibits activation of microglial.

Objective:To explain the supplier induced demand theory paradigm,track the empirical research progress,so as to provide references for health care reform in China.Methods:The new classical theory,game theory and behaviorism school were launched to process theoretical derivation of induced demand.The classical empirical research and the latest research progress were introduced to systemically review on supplier induced demand.Results:The generation of supplier induced demand was related with incentive system,the type of diseases and the crowd of research.Conclusion:It could effectively reduce the induced demand for health care that constraining hospital internal incentive,conducting medical supply side structural reform,developing the “Internet +medical” and building Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) payment system.

Hydrocephalus is a common disease caused by the disorder of the physiological metabolism of cerebrospinal fluid.The damage mechanism is abnormal expansion of the ventricular system and impairment to the surrounding brain tissue.Hydrocephalus in children can show individual clinical symptoms along with the age of onset and different causes,leading to brain growth retardation.It is particularly important to understand its pathogenesis and etiology and put forward targeted treatment strategies by early diagnosis.This paper reviews the pathophysiology,etiology and characteristic manifestations of hydrocephalus in children.

Emodin is the main effective monomer of Rhubarb, which has a variety of pharmacological actions and valuable clinical applications.Recently, there are many reports about molecular mechanisms of emodin pharmacological actions,and they givehighly attention on the dephlogisticating and antineoplastic effects. These effects are achieved through affecting the concentration and transportation of ions, resisting of oxidation and free radical, and affecting the secretion of inflammatory factor and the enzyme activity and apoptosis and so on. This article summarizes the reports and hopes to provide theoretical basis for the practical application.