Among esophageal cancer patients who had undergone radical surgery, the overall 5-year survival rate ranges from 20% to 30%. Postoperative radiotherapy is important adjunctive and remedial treatment. However, currently, there is no clear consensus on the indication of postoperative radiotherapy, the optimal radiation fields and dose. We review and summarize the relevant studies for clinical references.

Colorectal stem cells have many bio-markers, including Lgr5 which expression is associated with THE stage of disease , also regulating the cell cycle , anothers is +4 stem cell , which is associated with tumor heteroge-neity, also expressed Bmi1, arresting cell cycle.Besides there is Msi1.Many studies show that those markers are highly expressed in colorectal cancer , which activate Notch and Wnt signaling pathway , and can promote the pro-gress of tumor .

Three dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) or intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is effective for esophageal carcinoma treatment. Compared with conventional radiotherapy, these high precision radiotherapies can significantly improve local control and overall survival. However, local recurrence is still the most common reason for treatment failure. To improve local control, increasing target dose alone is not sufficient, while concurrent chemoradiotherpy may enhance the treatment effect for esophageal carcinoma.

Enteral Nutrition ; Humans ; Infection Control ; methods ; Probiotics ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Stress Disorders, Traumatic ; immunology ; therapy

The application of PET-CT could not only play a part in the diagnosis of clinical stage for NSCLC on PET, but also make full use of the discrimination of anatomical structure on CT. The precision of target contouring could be increased and the normal tissue and risk organ are also protected efficiently.

Magnetic resonance imaging diffusion weighted imaging (DWI)as a non-radiation and noninvasive examination method,has shown its unique advantages in diagnosis and staging of esophageal cancer.The ADC value has demonstrated clinical application value in the therapeutic assessment.Application of DWI and CT image fusion could combine the advantages of CT in anatomical structure and the advantages of MRI in clinical stages and diagnosis.The accuracy of target area sketching would be improved.

Magnetic resonance imaging diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) as a non-radiation and noninvasive examination method,has great help in diagnosis and staging of lung cancer,and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) determination has demonstrated clinical application value in the therapeutic assessment.As an essential complement of CT,MRI-CT imaging infusion improves the accuracy of the target volume sketching in the radiotherapy of lung cancer.

The gold standard evaluation criteria of radiotherapeutic effect at the present time is the three-level classification of X-ray barium meal.However,this method has certain limitations.Morphological changes in esophagus wall and metastases after radiotherapy can be observed on computed tomography scanning.A positron emission tomography scan is a sensitive imaging test to observe the metabolic activity in pathologic cells and tissues.And diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging could provide the esophageal tumor necrosis information after radiotherapy by observing the changes of water molecular diffusion.With the development of medical imaging techniques,using various means in a comprehensive way to evaluate radiotherapeutic effect for esophageal carcinoma patients may become a trend.

Humans ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology ; virology

Objective To explore the effect of perforin(PFP) antibody on the expression of Granzyme B (GzmB) in viral myocarditis.Methods Forty-five 4-week-old BALB/c male mice were randomly divided into 3 groups,including normal control group (n=15),viral control group (n=15) and PFP antibody therapy group (n=15).The mice in normal control group were inoculated with 0.15 mL Eagle reagent,and the mice in viral control group and PFP antibody therapy group were moculated with 0.15 mL TCID501012 L-1 coxsackievirus B3.The mice in PFP antibody therapy group were inoculated with PFP antibody (0.1 mg/kg) on 6 h and 3 d post inoculation.The mice in 3 groups were sacrificed on day 10 post inoculation.Extracted their hearts,then fixed,dehydrated,embeded and sliced the myocardial tissues.The expressions of GzmB proteins in myocardium were determined by immunohistochemistry.The areas of GzmB were measured by the Leica Qwin V3 system.SPSS 11.5 software was used to analyze the data.Results There were 4 mouse dead in viral control group,and 2 mouse dead in PFP autibody therapy group,no mice dead in normal contol group.The expressions of GzmB were not found in myocardial tissues of normal control group,but there were lots of expressions of GzmB in myocardial tissues of viral control group[(67.13?1.82)%].Athough the expressions of GzmB in PFP antibody therapy group[(6.98?1.34)%] were significantly decreased compared with those in myocardial tissues of viral control group(q=66.180 P