Aims: Variation in the traditional growth medium conditions to enhance the production of lipids, carbohydrates, protein and the free amino acids content of three cyanobacterial species. Methodology and Results: Three species of cyanobacteria (Anabaena laxa, Anabaena fertilissima and Nostoc muscorum) were collected from the culture collection of Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt, to investigate their biochemical composition under different growth conditions, using BG110 (nitrogen free) as growth medium. These conditions were represented by control medium, static glucose medium with (1%, w/v), aerated medium (aerated by bubbling technique depending on CO2 normally existed in air with a concentration of 0.03%), molasses medium (0.7%, v/v) and aerated medium enriched with glucose (1%, w/v). Lipid content, total carbohydrates, soluble proteins and free amino acids were determined at the previous conditions. Glucose at 0.7% (w/v) was the most favorable for lipid production in A. laxa, where it exhibited the highest lipid content (427 μg/g fresh wt.). Increasing molasses concentration up to 0.7% (v/v) produced an increase in lipid contents of the tested cyanobacterial strains. The highest lipid content of both N. muscorum (366.2 μg/g fresh wt.) and A. laxa (357.4 μg/g fresh wt.) were recorded at molasses concentrations of 0.1 and 0.7% (v/v), respectively. A. laxa expressed high significant values for both proteins (31.6 μg/mL) and free amino acids (40.5 mg/g dry wt.) after 6 days of incubation period under aerated enriched glucose condition (1%, w/v). Also, at the same growth conditions, A. fertilissima exhibited high significant values for carbohydrates at 4th day (876.8 mg/g dry wt.). Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Aerated enriched glucose medium (1%, w/v) was the best growth medium condition used in the present study.

Purpose: Vaccination is a cost-efficient intervention to slow the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aims to assess the population's willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine in Jordan and investigate potential determinants of their acceptance Materials and Methods: This study used an online survey distributed in November 2020, before introducing the vaccine, with items investigating socio-demographic characteristics, seasonal flu vaccination history, COVID-19 vaccine acceptance once available, and factors affecting their decision-making. Also, “COVID-19 risk perception” and beliefs toward COVID-19 vaccine benefits and barriers were assessed. Results: A total of 2,208 participants completed the survey with a participation rate of 13.1%. The mean±standard deviation age was 33.2±13.5, and 55.7% were females. Study participants were almost equally distributed between willingness, unwillingness, and indecision to take the COVID-19 vaccine (30.4%, 36.4%, and 31.5%, respectively). Younger adults, males, and those who were not married, do not have children, have a bachelor or higher education, employees or being students, healthcare workers, and those who reported receiving flu vaccine had higher rates of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance compared to their counterparts (p<0.001 for each category). COVID-19 risk perception, and perceived vaccine benefits, and barriers were significant predictors of intention. Among those undecided or unwilling to take the COVID-19 vaccine, its safety and side effects were the most common concerns. Conclusion The low rate of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in a developing country is alarming, and a significant proportion are indecisive. Interventions to elevate vaccine acceptance by addressing its safety and efficacy and targeting vulnerable groups are recommended.

Plants are alternative source of natural medicines due to secondary active metabolites. Fagonia cretica extracts and Gradient High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography fractionations were checked against multidrug-resistant gastrointestinal pathogens including, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri. ESI-MS/MS analysis of bioactive HPLC fractions was performed to elucidate antibacterial compounds. F. cretica extracts exhibited potential antibacterial activity. Twenty-four (24) HPLC fractions were obtained from methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts of F. cretica. Eighteen (18) fractions showed antibacterial activity, while no activity was observed by the remaining six (6) fractions. HPLC fractions, F1 (25g ± 0.20 mm) and F2 (15f ± 0.12 mm) of aqueous extract exhibited activity against multidrug resistant GI pathogens. Gallic acid, quinic acid, cyclo-l-leu-l-pro, vidalenolone, liquirtigenin, rosmarinic acid and cerebronic acid were identified in F1 fraction of aqueous extract, while succinic acid, cyclo (l-Leul-Pro) and liquirtigenin were identified in F2 fraction of aqueous extract through ESI-MS/MS analysis. F. cretica extracts and HPLC fractions showed potential activity against MDR GI pathogens. Vidalenolone, Cyclo-1-leu-1-pro and Cerebronic acid are first time reported in F. cretica. Further characterization of bioactive compounds from F. cretica may be helpful to elucidate antibacterial therapeutic molecules.

The rarity of acute psychosis in typhoid fever can result in delayed and misdiagnosis of the condition. We report a case of a 20-year-old man who presented with fever and acute psychotic symptoms. This was associated with headache, dizziness, and body weakness. There were no other significant symptoms. Neurological examination revealed reduced muscle tone of bilateral lower limbs but otherwise unremarkable. The computed tomography (CT) scan of his brain showed no abnormality. Blood specimens for microbiological culture grew Salmonella Typhi. This isolate was susceptible to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. He was treated with intravenous ceftriaxone for one week and responded well. He was discharged with oral ciprofloxacin for another week. The repeated blood and stool for bacterial culture yielded no growth of Salmonella Typhi.

Adult ; Antitubercular Agents ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ; complications ; drug therapy

Buruli ulcer (BU), caused by