Interventional radiology is a new kind of minimally-invasive therapeutics that has developed on the basis of radiological imaging diagnosis.Interventional radiology is defined as a clinical subject that carries out the specific diagnosis and treatment under the guidance of medical imaging equipment and with the help of puncture needle,guide wire,catheter,etc.The interventional radiology categories include interventional diagnosis and interventional therapy.Interventional medicine is defined from the perspective of clinical application,while interventional radiology is defined from the technical characteristics of diagnosis and treatment.《of Interventional Radiology》 and the upcoming 《Journal of Interventional Medicine (English version)》 will become the professional sister journals in interventional academic field,which will provide important support for promoting the development of interventional medicine in China and for enhancing the international influence power of Chinese interventional medicine.

Objective:To investigate the enhancing effect of bone marrow stroma cell(BMSC)on the functional recovery of injured spinal cord by observing the formation of gliotic scar,cavity volume and the cascade of apoptosis of neural cells.Methods:Eighty spinal cord injury(SCI)rat models were made and randomly divided into two groups:group A(n=40),the control group without any treatment;group B(n=40),the injured animals treated with BMSC implantation.The behavioral evaluation was performed using Basso,Beattie and Bresnahan(BBB)scoring system.Scores were recorded at time points of 1,2,4,6 and 8 weeks after transplantation.After 8 weeks,rats were sacrificed.The immunoreactivity of Nogo-A,glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)and the cavity area were measured.The cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL methods at 1,2,3,7 and 14 days after injury.Results:Compared with control group,treated animals gained higher scores after 8 weeks of transplantation.The number and the size of reactive astrocytes,the average volume of cavity,TUNEL positive cells,the expression of Nogo-A and GFAP reduced significantly in group B compared with those of group A(P＜ 0.05).Conclusion:BMSC possess effects on repairing injured spinal cord and promoting functional recovery through various mechanisms.

Objective　To study the efficacy, safety and related characteristics of ethylcellulose microcapsules containing tubeimoside as a vascular embolization agent. Methods　The ethylcellulose microcapsules containing tubeimoside was prepared using tubeimoside from bolbostemma paniculatum of Chinese medicinal herb as the core, and ethylcellulose as the shell. Transcatheter renal arterial embolization was performed with the microcapsules in 30 New Zealand white rabbits. Results　The microcapsules were white, spherical, and smooth particles, with its size to range from 40-180 μm, and its drug content was 36%(W/W); It was divergened best in 40% meglucamine diatrizoate and suspended stably, easily injected through 3 F catheter without occlusion. All of the microcapsules ruptured in about 20 days when immersed in physiological saline at 37℃. The embolized kidneys were smaller than the normal kidneys in weight and volume after 30 days（tw=102.1, tv=38.0, P<0.001）. Serial slices of the kidneys showed that the microcapsules remained mainly at the interlobular artery and the arterial arch, which measured from 110 μm to 350 μm in diameter. The vessels maintained occlusive after 30 days without formation of collateral circulation. Conclusion　Ethylcellulose microcapsules containing tubeimoside were safe and effective with angioembolic function and slow-release. It was a potential peripheral artery embolization agent.

Objective To approach the therapeutic effect of modified Linggui Zhugan decoction for treatment of patients with type Ⅱ cardiorenal syndrome (CRS).Methods Thirty patients with CRS admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Institute of Chinese Medicine were selected. By a random number table and double-blind method, they were divided into two groups: treatment and control groups, 15 cases in each group. The patients in both groups were treated with conventional western medicine, and those in the treatment group were additionally given traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) modified Linggui Zhugan decoction (including the following ingredients: Poria 30 g, Cinnamomi Cortex 10 g, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 15 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Preparata cum Melle 10 g, Morindae Officinalis Radix 15 g, Arecae Pericarpium 30 g, Astragali Radix 30 g, Zingiberis Rhizoma 10 g, Descurainiae Semen 15 g), one dose daily for consecutive 30 days. Before and after treatment the changes in levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), amount of urine, clinical efficacy and TCM syndrome score efficacy were observed in two groups.Results After treatment, the levels of BNP, SCr, and BUN were significantly decreased, while urine volume was obviously increased compared with those before treatment in the two groups, and the degrees of changes in the treatment group were superior to those in control group [BNP (ng/L): 297.3±75.1 vs. 344.2±56.3, SCr (μmol/L): 139.7±62.1 vs. 154.4±39.7, BUN (mmol/L): 10.1±6.4 vs. 13.2±8.7, urine volume (mL/d): 847.2±32.7 vs. 786.4±13.6, allP < 0.05]. The total effective rates of patients and TCM syndrome scores in treatment group were significantly higher than those in control group [both 86.7% (13/15) vs. 66.7% (10/15), bothP < 0.05]. Conclusions Modified Linggui Zhugan decoction can alleviate the symptoms of yang deficiency of heart and kidney and heart failure due to the attack of heart by retained fluid, and can also ameliorate the complicated renal function impairment; the therapeutic effect of integrative traditional Chinese and western medicine for treatment of patients with type Ⅱ CRS is superior to that of conventional western medicine treatment.

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effect of Xiaoqinglong decoction for supplementary treatment of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).Methods Thirty-three VAP patients with syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as interior retention of phlegm and exopathic cold admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) from July 2011 to December 2014 were enrolled, and their historical data were retrospectively analyzed. According to the difference in treatment methods, the patients were divided into TCM treatment Xiaoqinglong decoction group (observation group, 18 cases) and general treatment group (control group, 15 cases). The patients in both groups were given conventional western medicine treatment, including anti-infection, phlegm elimination and cough relieve, protection of gastric mucosa and organ function, nutritional support, prevention of bedsore and thrombosis, etc. Additionally, the patients in TCM treatment group were given Xiaoqinglong decoction (drug composition: herba ephedrae 15 g, ramulus cinnamomi 15 g, herba asari 15 g, rhizoma zingiberis 15 g, chinese peony 15 g, rhizoma pinelliae 15 g, fructus schisandrae 15 g, radix glycyrrhizae preparata 10 g) for nasal feeding, once 150 mL, twice a day, once every 7 days. The changes in body temperature were observed before and 3 days and 7 days after treatment, and peripheral blood was collected for determination of white blood cell count (WBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) level in the two groups. Comprehensive therapeutic effects of the patients in both groups were recorded.Results There were no significant differences in body temperature, WBC and CRP before treatment between the two groups. After treatment, the above parameters in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, and they showed a decrease tendency with time prolongation. The decrease in body temperature and WBC in observation group was more obvious than those of control group, and the comparisons showed statistical significant differences on 7 days after treatment [body temperature (℃): 36.5±0.6 vs. 37.0±0.8, WBC (×109/L):6.7±3.0 vs. 8.9±2.5, bothP < 0.05], but there was no significant difference in CRP between the observation group and control group (mg/L: 3 d was 73.7±20.5 vs. 61.5±18.4; 7 d was 27.2±10.5 vs. 23.5±9.1, bothP > 0.05). The total effective rate on the 7th day after treatment in observation group was higher than that of control group [83.3% (15/18) vs. 80.0% (12/15)], but no statistical significant difference was seen (P > 0.05).Conclusions The Xiaoqinglong decoction can reduce the inflammatory reaction of patients with VAP, and improve their symptoms.

Objective To set up the isolated perfused rat liver model. Methods Rat livers were harvested after the cannulation of the portal vein and bile duct. The reperfusion solution was Krebs-Henseleit solution containing bovine albumin serum and sodium taurocholate. The original CZ-1 isolated perfused rat liver system contained two subsystems: recirculating perfusion system and heat-exchange system. Then we modified the original CZ-1 system and omitted the heat-exchange system.The modified CZ-1 system consisted of a thermostatically regulated water bath,a peristaltic pump,a 4-neck round-bottom flask, a flow meter, an in-line manometer, a glass organ chamber, an iron support and a set of recirculating pipe line. Then the livers were connected via the portal vein to the modified CZ-1 system for 120 min. After 120 min reperfusion, bile production was evaluated. Routine HE staining and electron microscopic examination of hepatic tissues were also performed. Results The was not significantly different from that reported by references. Hepatic tissues in reperfusion group were also morphologically normal Conclusion The CZ-1 isolated perfused rat liver system was cost-effective and reliable to use. It was easy to run and is the ideal model for investigation of organ preservation solution.

Objective To evaluate the effects of alcohol dependence (AD) on the expression of spinal neuronal K+-Cl cotransporter 2 (KCC2) in rats.Methods Forty-eight healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-250 g,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =24 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) and group AD.An orogastric tube was inserted and alcohol was administered through the tube into the stomach to establish the model of AD.The concentration of ethanol was 5％,10％ and 20％ at 1st,2nd and 3rd weeks,respectively,and the concentration of ethanol was 35％ at 4th week and later.Alcohol was given at 10 ml · kg-1 · d-1,lasting for 8 weeks.The rats received drinking water containing no ethanol at 10 ml · kg-1 · d-1 instead of alcohol in group C.All the rats were allowed ad libitum access to food and water.Before the last administration,an elevated plus-maze test was performed for all the rats to observe their state of anxiety,which was used to evaluate the success of AD model.At the end of the last administration,the model of incisional pain was established.A 1-cm longitudinal incision was made through skin,fascia and muscle of the plantar aspect of the hindpaw in sevoflurane-anesthetized rats.At 2,6,24 and 48 h after operation,the mechanical and thermal paw withdrawal thresholds were measured.At 48 h after operation,the lumbar segment of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of KCC2 by using immunofluorescence and Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the number of open arm entries was significantly reduced,the time spent on the open arms was shortened,the number of closed arm entries was increased,the time spent on the closed arms was prolonged,the mechanical and thermal paw withdrawal thresholds were decreased,and the expression of KCC2 was down-regulated in group AD.Conclusion Down-regulated expression of spinal neuronal KCC2 is involved in the mechanism of hyperalgesia in rats with AD.

Objective To investigate the role of hippocampal protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ)/potassium-chloride cotransporter-2 (KCC2) pathway in propofol postconditioning-induced long-term cerebral protection following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Sixty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-280 g, were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =12 each): sham operation group (group S), cerebral I/R group (group I/R), propofol post-conditioning group (group P) , PKMζ inhibitor ZIP+cerebral I/R group (group Z+I/R) , and ZIP + propofol postconditioning group (group Z + P).Cerebral ischemia was induced by 1 h middle cerebral artery occlusion, followed by reperfusion in anesthetized rats.Propofol 20 mg · kg-1 · h-1was intravenously infused for 2 h in P and Z+P groups, and the equal volume of normal saline was given for 2 h in I/R and Z+I/R groups.In Z+P and Z+ I/R groups, ZIP 0.5 μmol/L was injected intravenously at 15 min before reperfusion.Modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) was assessed at 28 days of reperfusion.After the end of behavioral tests, the hippocampi were removed for determination of GABAergic interneurons GAD67/KCC2 positive neuron count in the hippocampal CA1 region (by using immunofluorescent staining), and PKMζ and phosphorylated KCC2 (p-KCC2) expression (by Western blot).Results Compared with group S, mNSS was significantly increased, GAD67/KCC2 positive neuron count was decreased, and the expression of PKMζ and p-KCC2 was down-regulated in I/R, P and Z+P groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group I/R, mNSS was significantly decreased, GAD67/KCC2 positive neuron count was increased, and the expression of PKMζ and p-KCC2 was up-regulated in group P, and mNSS was significantly increased, GAD67/KCC2 positive neuron count was decreased, and the expression of PKMζ and p-KCC2 was down-regulated in group Z+I/R (P＜0.05).Compared with group P, mNSS was significantly increased, GAD67/KCC2 positive neuron count was decreased, and the expression of PKMζ and p-KCC2 was down-regulated in group Z+P (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism underlying propofol postconditioning-induced long-term cerebral protection following cerebral I/R may be related to activation of hippocampal PKMζ/KCC2 pathway in rats.

Objective To analyze the correlation between white matter injury and cognitive dysfunction using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).Methods Seventeen subjects with TBI hospitalized from October 2012 to September 2013 had Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score of ≥ 13 (mild injury group, 10 cases) and ≤ 12 (moderate-severe injury group, 7 cases).Another 17 healthy subjects were used as controls.All were submitted to DTI examination.Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) values in genu corpus callosum, splenium corpus callosum, posterior internal capsule, anterior internal capsule, and cerebral peduncle were calculated using the Neuro 3D software.Correlations between FA and ADC with the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score were evaluated.Results Moderate-severe injury group demonstrated significantly reduced FA values in genu corpus callosum and splenium corpus callosum, and significantly increased ADC values of genu corpus callosum, splenium corpus callosum, posterior internal capsule and cerebral peduncle when compared to control group (P ＜0.05 or 0.01).FA and ADC values in the regions of interest did not differ significantly between mild injury group and control group (P ＞ 0.05).In the genu corpus callosum and splenium corpus callosum, FA values were positively correlated with MMSE score (r =0.636, 0.601), while ADC values were negatively correlated with MMSE score (r =0.552, 0.660).Conclusions DTI reveals the cerebral white matter lesion that is undetectable using CT and conventional MRI.DTI is a helpful tool to evaluate the degree of cognitive function in patients with TBI, which provides the basic reference for the clinical treatment and prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the effect of propofol post-conditioning on hippocampal neuronal K+-Cl-co-transporter 2 (KCC2) expression in the rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.Methods Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 7-8 weeks,weighing 250-280 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =24 each):sham operation group (group S),cerebral I/R (group I/R) and propofol post-conditioning group (group PP).The model of focal cerebral I/R injury was established by occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery.Propofol 20 mg· kg-1 · h-1 was infused over 2 h starting from the onset of reperfusion through the femoral vein in group PP.The equal volume of normal saline was given in S and I/R groups.Modified neurological severity score (mNSS) was used to evaluate the impairment of neurological function.The animals were then sacrificed and brains were removed for determination of the number of neurons (by Nissl' s staining) and expression of KCC2 (by immunofluorescence and Western blot) in hippocampal CA3 region.Results Compared with group S,the scores of mNSS were significantly increased,and the number of neurons and expression of KCC2 in hippocampal CA3 region were decreased in I/R group,and mNSS scores were increased,and no significant changes were found in the other parameters in group PP.Compared with group I/R,the mNSS scores were significantly decreased,and the number of neurons and expression of KCC2 in hippocampal CA3 region were increased in group PP.Conclusion The mechanism by which propofol post-conditioning reduces cerebral I/R injury is related to up-regulated expression of hippocampal KCC2 in rats.