Objective To observe the changes of subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in diabetic patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and clinically significant macular edema(CSME),and then investigate diabetic SFCT and the relationship of diabetic CT with diabetic retinopathy (DR).Methods The patients were divided into 2 groups according to clinical guidelines of DR in China in 2014,including NPDR CSME + group(21 eyes) and NPDR CSME-group(36 eyes).All patients were underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),intraocular pressure,axial length,slit lamp microscope,indirect ophthalmoscope,EDI-OCT examination,and mean arterial blood pressure measurement.The differences of BCVA,central retinal thickness (CRT) and SFCT between NPDR CSME + group and NPDR CSME-group were studied as well by means of using SPSS 18.0 for data statistics.Results There was no significant difference in gender,age,eye axis and intraocular pressure between NPDR CSME + group and NPDR CSME-group (all P ＞ 0.05).There was significant difference in BCVA between the two groups (P =0.001).The mean SFCT were (328.24 ± 101.92) μm in the NPDR CSME + group and (235.31 ± 66.98) μm in the NPDR CSME-group,and the difference was statistically significant (t =4.156,P=0.000).And plotting changes in CRT against changes in SFCT in patients with CSME revealed a positive correlation(r =0.473,P =0.000).Conclusion SFCT in NPDR CSME + patient is thicker than that in NPDR CSME-patient.And plotting changes in CRT against changes in SFCT in patients with CSME reveals a positive correlation.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between blood lipid proifles and intraocular pressure (IOP) in adult subjects. Methods: A total of 1660 adult subjects received regular physical examination in our hospital from 2015-01 to 2015-09 were enrolled. The subjects were divided into 2 groups: Hyperlipidemia group,n=356 and Non-hyperlipidemia group,n=1304. Systolic, diastolic blood pressure (SBP), (DBP), IOP and serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A1(ApoA1) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels were measured in all subjects. SPSS19.0 software was used to study the relationship between blood lipid proifles and IOP by univariate and multivariate liner regression analysis respectively. Results: Univariate regression analysis revealed that IOP was positively related to SBP, DBP, TC, TG, LDL-C and ApoB, all P<0.05, while negatively related to HDL-C,P=0.028. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that with adjusted age, SBP and DBP, IOP was positively related to TC, TG, LDL-C, ApoA1 and ApoB, while negatively related to HDL-C, allP<0.05. ApoB level in either Hyperlipidemia group or Non-hyperlipidemia group was signiifcantly related to IOP in both male and female genders,P<0.05. Conclusion: ApoB level was most obviously related to IOP and it might be used as a predictor for IOP elevation in clinical research, while its validity should be further studied.

Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes of intertrochanteric fracture by the fixation using proximal femoral nail (PFN/PFNA).Methods From Jan.2008 to Dec.2010,56 cases with intertrochanteric fracture,including 18 males and 38 females with an average age of 76 years (range,67 -94 ),were treated by fixation with PFN or PFNA.All patients had closed fractures in the shaft of femur.The average time from injury to operation was 3.2 days (ranging from 2.0 days to 10.0 days).All the patients were followed for 1,2,3,6,12 month after surgery,respectively,and then at least once per year.The clinical outcomes were evaluated according to Harris criteria and radiological examinations.Results The mean operating time of all cases was 55 minutes ( ranging from 40 to 80 minutes),and the mean blood loss during surgery was 80 ml (range,50 - 150 ml).All patients was able to walk with walking aid 3 -7 days after surgery.All the patients with fracture healed after 3.5 - 6.0 months ( mean:4 months ).No complications such as infection,lower limb vein infarction,cut-out or breakage of the implants occurred.Four cases had coxa vara shortening deformation,According to Harris criteria,the clinical results were excellent in 43 cases,good in 9,and moderate in 4,with the rate of patients in excellent and good condition was 92.86％ (52/56).Conclusion PFN/PFNA is an effective and minimally invasive method for intertrochanteric fracture,with minimal invasion,high fixation-strength and optimal biomechanics characteristics.This treatment technique produces a high rate of bone re-union,early functional recovery and less complications.

To assess the level of health skills relating to infectious diseases among residents in Beijing and develop more effective strategies for controlling infectious diseases.We conducted a multistage sampling,retrospective cross-sectional survey of residents aged 18 and above from 6 districts by selfadministered and anonymous questionnaires in January 2011.The questionnaires consisted of health skills relating to infectious diseases.A total of 13 042 respondents completed the survey.The proportions of people with the skills for acquiring knowledge about infectious diseases,being able to read medicinal package insert,being able to read brochures with regard to basic knowledge about infectious diseases, being able to read laboratory test report andproper use of thermometer were 57.7％,71.0％,70.2％,47.9％ and 76.8％ respectively.The levels of health skills were different among different populations (P ＜0.01).A low level of health skills was observed among the poorly-educated people and elders.Therefore measures such as health education and skills training about infectious diseases should be taken to improve the health skills.

Objective To compare the effects of different surgical techniques for treatment of concealed penis. Methods A retrospective review of 219 patients underwent surgical correction of concealed penis between 1986 and 2007 was performed. The mean age was (10.3±2.4) years(3-15 years). The penile length was (1.9±0. 5)cm(0. 5-3. 0 cm)before operation. Ninty-three patients were the severe degree of concealed penis. The others were the moderate degree. All patients under-went operation with different techniques, including Johnston's technique in 34, Devine's technique in 42, modified Devinds technique in 125 and Brisson's technique in 18. The increased length of penile af-ter operation was compared among the 4 groups with different surgical techniques by statistical meth-od. Results The postoperative increased length of penile in Johnston's technique, Devine's tech-nique, modified Devine's technique and Brisson's technique was (1.8 ± 0. 4) cm, (2. 0 ± 0. 5) cm, (2.1±0.4)cm and (2.3±0.4)cm respectively. The difference was significant by ANOVA test (F=13.1,P<0. 001). Devines technique, modified DevineSs technique and Brisson's technique were better than Johnston's technique considering the increased length of penile. The complication of severe penile lymphedema of 4 groups developed in 8, 5, 6 and 2 patients respectively. Conclusion Modified De-vine's technique has the satisfactory increasing of penile length for treatment of concealed penis and less complication rate after operation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Agricultural Workers' Diseases ; epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Notification ; Humans ; Infant ; Middle Aged ; Pesticides ; poisoning ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the effect of MS-275, an histone deacetylase ( HDAC ) inhibitor, on acute liver failure ( ALF ) induced by D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide in mice. Methods Thirty specific pathogen free (SPF) C57BL/6 male mice were randomly and equally divided into control, ALF model and MS-275 groups. ALF model was induced by D-galactosamine ( D-Gal ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the mice in MS-275 group received MS-275 (1 mg/kg) at 2 h before the induction of ALF.Serum and liver samples of mice were obtained at 24 h after ALF induction.The serum levels of ALT, AST, TBil and tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-α) , interferon γ( IFNγ) , interleukin ( IL )-1β, high mobility group box 1 ( HMGB1 ) were tested by biochemical methods or ELISA kit, respectively.The expression of HDAC1, HDAC3, acetylation of histone H3, H4, P65, acetylation and phosphorylation of P65 in liver were detected by Western blotting.The changes of histology in liver was detected by HE staining, and the translocation of P65 in liver was detected by immunohistochemistry. Comparison of variables among the groups was performed using t test.Results MS-275 inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells and improved the pathological changes of liver tissue.Compared with ALF group, serum ALT, AST, TBil levels were decreased in MS-275 group ( t =-22.215, -11.914 and-12.160, all P<0.05), but still higher than those in the control group (t=14.852, 11.692 and 8.333, all P<0.05); serum TNF-α, IFNγ, IL-1β, HMGB1 levels were also significantly decreased in MS-275 group (t=-7.926, -3.427, -2.475 and -5.920, all P<0.05), but TNF-αand IFNγwere still higher than those in the control group (t=5.541 and 5.514, all P<0.05).Compared with control group, the expression of class I HDAC in liver tissue was significantly decreased in MS-275 group ( t=-3.676 and-10.576, P<0.05), while the expressions of acetylation of histone H3, H4 and P65 were significantly increased (t=3.976, 5.559 and 4.588, all P<0.05).MS-275 inhibited the translocation of P65 from cytoplasm to the nucleus.Conclusion MS-275 can protect liver from acute failure in mice through enhancing the acetylation levels of non-histones.

Objective To find out the general status about the traditional Chinese medicine therapies that were included into medicare among the selected hospitals in the country's public hospital reform project, and to investigate the reasons for those not included and make recommendations.Methods Collecting relevant information through questionnaires, experts interviews and discussions.Results There are still some TCM therapies not included into the range of reimbursement.Most Of them are external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture, massage, special treatments of traditional Chinese medicine and comprehensive therapies of TCM.Conclusions The establishment of negotiations department about medicare in the field of traditional Chinese medicine was needed.Medicare should be in favor of TCM therapies, and traditional Chinese medicine hospitals should strengthen training of personnel and hiring.At the same time, a reasonable increase of the proportion of TCM experts involved in the making health insurance directory was needed.

pful in decision making of retroperitoneal laparoscopic NSS.

Objective:To explore the technique of two-flap in ear reconstruction.Method:Quantitative tissue expansions were used in the mastoid area in the first stage.After the final injection,there was 1 month of sustaining time.Expanded skin flap and unexpanded fascia flap were designed in the second stage,so thetwo-flaptechnique was used in the ear reconstruction.From January 2004 to December 2008,1 427 patients of microtia were treated using two-flap technque.Result:The expanded skin flap could show the fine structures of the reconstructed ears.The reconstructed ears had vivid cranioauricular angle after using the unexpanded fascia flap.Conclusion: Two-flap method was easily manipulated and the complications were rare.The reconstructed ears had lucid and three-dimensional contour.