OBJECTIVE: To study the variabilities of the effects of cold pathogen and cold-dampness pathogen on the fractalkine (FKN) mRNA expression in lung tissues of rats. METHODS: Twenty-four Wistar rats of SPF grade were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal temperature group, cold pathogen group and cold-dampness pathogen group. There were 8 rats in each group. Rats in normal temperature group were bred at (20+/-2)degrees centigrade and under normal humidity (50%-55%) for 2 h. Rats in cold pathogen group were bred at -10 degrees centigrade and under normal humidity (50%-55%) for 2 h, and the rats in cold-dampness pathogen group were bred at -10 degrees centigrade and under high humidity (90%-100%) for 2 h. Rats in the three groups were bred in thermostats under the corresponding conditions on the first day of experiment, and then the rats in different groups were all bred at normal temperature. Lung specimens in 3 groups were gathered four days later. The behavior and the pathological changes in the lung tissues of rats in different groups were observed. The content of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in lung homogenate was detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. Expression of FKN mRNA in lung homogenate was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: The lung tissues of rats in both cold pathogen group and cold-dampness pathogen group had various degrees of pathological changes. Compared with normal temperature group, the content of IL-6 and TNF-alpha was increased obviously in lung homogenate of rats in both cold pathogen group and cold-dampness pathogen group (P<0.01). The content of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in lung homogenate of rats in cold-dampness pathogen group was obviously higher than that in cold pathogen group (P<0.01). The RT-PCR results showed a low expression of FKN mRNA in lung tissues of rats in normal temperature group. If the injured lung tissues were aggravated, the expression of FKN mRNA in the lung tissues was elevated. Compared with normal temperature group, FKN mRNA expressions in both cold pathogen group and cold-dampness pathogen group were increased obviously (P<0.01). FKN mRNA expression in lung homogenate of rats in cold-dampness pathogen group was also obviously higher than that in cold pathogen group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Cold pathogen can induce lung injury and up-regulate the FKN mRNA expression in lung tissue. Dampness pathogen can up-regulate the FKN mRNA expression through aggravating the injury of lung tissues caused by cold pathogen. FKN has a close relationship with the lung injury.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of wind and dampness pathogens on cytokines in the lung tissue of rats with cold syndrome due to different gradient cold pathogens. METHODS: One hundred and four Wistar rats of SPF grade were randomly divided into 13 groups: normal temperature group, six cold pathogen groups and six cold plus wind-dampness pathogen (wind of grade 5 and 90%-100% relative humidity) groups. The cold pathogens were constant low temperature (including 10 degrees C, 0 degree C, -10 degrees C) and temperature change (including 20 to 10 degrees C, 20 to 0 degrees C, and 20 to -10 degrees C). The rats in different groups were kept in a temperature-controlled box under the corresponding condition for 2 hours on the first day of experiment. Then, the rats were all raised in normal temperature for 4 days and the rats' behaviors were observed. The contents of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6(IL-6) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in lung homogenate were measured by radioimmunoassay and the content of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: In comparison with cold pathogen groups, contents of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-4 were obviously increased in lung homogenate of rats in cold plus wind-dampness pathogen groups (P<0.01), and the content of IFN-gamma and IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio were obviously decreased (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Wind-dampness pathogen can seriously aggravate the injury to lung tissue caused by cold pathogen, and the unbalance of Th(1)/Th(2) in lung homogenate of rats.

BACKGROUND:Nowadays, the internal fixation materials for the clinical treatment of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures are broadly divided into two categories:intramedul ary fixation system and
extramedul ary fixation system. However, the effects of the treatments usual y lack of macro evaluation.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the effect of intramedul ary fixation system and extramedul ary internal fixation system in the treatment of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures.
METHODS:217 patients with unstable femoral intertrochanteric fracture (Evans typing: Ⅲ type to Ⅴ type and R type) were treated by using intramedul ary fixation system and extramedul ary internal fixation system:18
cases were treated with dynamic condylar screw, 67 cases were treated with dynamic hip screw, 43 cases were treated with reconstruction nail, 72 cases were treated with proximal femoral anti-rotation blade nail, and 17 cases were treated with new generation of antegrade interlocking intramedul ary nail. The operative time, length of
incision, blood loss, time in bed, fracture healing time, complications and Harris hip score were analyzed and compared.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the aspects of operative time, blood loss, time in bed, complications and
Harris hip score, the intramedul ary fixation system was superior to extramedul ary internal fixation system. But there were significant differences in the aspects of length of incision and fracture healing time between two
methods. The results showed that the treatment of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures by using
intramedul ary fixation system was better than the extramedul ary internal fixation system, as the intramedul ary fixation system could effectively shorten the operative time and reduce blood loss. This stable and reliable fixation enables patients to take early postoperative functional exercise, and could significantly shorten the time in bed and reduce the incidence of complications and it is conducive to postoperative hip function recovery.
Therefore, intramedul ary fixation system is an ideal method for the treatment of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures.

BACKGROUND:As an oral anticoagulant drug, many experiments have proved that rivaroxaban can prevent the deep venous thromboembolism after the hip arthroplasty. The foreign literatures indicate that it can significantly reduce the incidence of deep venous thromboembolism after extending the treatment course to 35 days. But there is no significant conclusion at home, and the safety of drugs after extentding the course has not been confirmed. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban versus low-molecular-weight heparin for the prevention of deep venous thrombosis after the hip arthroplasty. METHODS:106 patients with primary unilateral hip arthroplasty in the Second Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University between March 2011 and September 2012 were selected. The patients were randomly divided into rivaroxaban group and low-molecular-weight heparin group. The patients in two groups were given drugs at 6 hours after replacement, the patients in the rivaroxaban group were given rivaroxaban 10 mg/d with the course of 5 weeks;the patients in the low-molecular-weight heparin group were given low-molecular-weight heparin 4 100 U/d with the course of 2 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The review and fol ow-up results showed there was no deep vein thrombosis or symptoms of deep vein thrombosis in patients of the rivaroxaban group after replacement, while seven cases (13%) of deep vein thrombosis were observed in the low-molecular-weight heparin group, and there was significant difference in the incidence rate of deep vein thrombosis between two groups (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in venous blood hemoglobin level, platelet level and coagulation function before and after replacement, as wel as the drainage volume and subcutaneous ecchymosis area after replacement of the patients received unilateral hip arthroplasty between two groups (P>0.05). The results indicate that ful course of rivaroxaban has clear effect and reliable security in the prevention of deep venous thrombosis after hip arthroplasty.

Aim To investigate the effect of small inter-ference RNA-mediated silcencing of the Bmi-1 gene on cell invasion and metastasis in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-1 . Methods Chemically syn-thesized siRNA targeting the Bmi-1 gene was transfect-ed into CNE-1 cells, which had high invasive and me-tastatic potential. The expression of Bmi-1 mRNA and protein were detected by quantative Real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. The effects of Bmi-1 knockdown on CNE-1 cells migration and invasion were analysied by Transwell migration assay and Matrigel in-vasion assay. Results Transfected with Bmi-1 siRNA significantly down-regulated the expression of Bmi-1 mRNA and protein as compared with the control group. CNE-1 cells transfected with Bmi-1 siRNA had lower levels of invasion and migration capacity than cells in the control group. Conclusion SiRNA-media-ted silencing of the Bmi-1 gene could significantly in-hibit cell migration and invasion in human nasopharyn-geal carcinoma cell line CNE-1 .

Objective To observe therapeutic benefits of intravenously transplanted hone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) on alcohol-associated dementia (AAD) rat model and study its underlying mechanisms.Methods BMMSCs were isolated by the method of differential adhesion and membrane antigens were detected with flowcytometric analysis.To establish AAD model,SD rats were intragastricly administrated with ethanol (20％,8ml/kg) for 28 days.Then BMMSCs were labeled with DAPI and injected into the blood via caudal vein.And animals were evaluated by observing Morris Maze behavior,hippocampal morphology and neuronal apoptosis.The expression of BDNF was detected by the method of immunohistochemistry.And the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in rat blood serum were also measured.Results The results of flowcytometry analysis indicated BMMSCs were CD29,CD90-positive,and CD45,CD34-negative.And the cells labeled with DAPI were observed in rat hippocampus 3 days after intravenous injection.Compared with PBS group,the escape latency of rats in BMMSC group was apparently shortened((10.17 ±0.71)s vs.(4.71 ± 0.34)s,P ＜0.01).And the morphological structure was repaired and neuronal apoptosis was reduced in rat hippocampus after BMMSC transplanting((72.67 ± 2.73) vs.(55.5 ± 5.14),P＜0.05).Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of BDNF was significantly increased in the hippocampus of rats in BMMSC group ((71.54 ± 13.71) vs.(135.25 ± 22.20),P ＜0.05).Also,the activity of GSH-Px was apparently improved in the blood serum of rats treated with BMMSC transplanting ((526.89 ± 62.73) vs.(2592.75 ±243.73),P ＜0.01),but no change for that of T-SOD.Conclusion The results provide a novel therapeutic strategy for improving learning and memory function and reducing hippocampal damage induced by ethanol administration,which is closely related to enhance BDNF expression in the hippocampus and improve the activity of antioxidants.

Gene Expression ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; Peroxiredoxin VI

Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; chemistry ; diagnosis ; Transcription Factors

Biomedical Research ; trends ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin