OBJECTIVE:To analyze the correlation between the consumption amount of antimicrobial agents and antibiotic resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA) in our hospital for clinical reference of rational use of antimicrobial agents.METHODS:The antibiotic resistance rate of PA and the consumption amount of anti-PA antimicrobial agents in our hospital from 2001 to 2007 were retrospectively analyzed.The correlation between the two was statistical analyzed by using SPSS12.0.RESULTS:The antibiotic resistance rate of PA increased year by year.However,the DDDs of the antimicrobial agents assumed diversified change.The antibiotic resistance rate of PA was positively correlated with the consumption amount of piperacillin/tazobactam(TZP),meropenem(MPM),ciprofloxacin(CIP) and moxifloxacin(MOX).CONCLUSION:The antibiotic resistance rate of PA showed an increasing trend in our hospital and which was positively correlated with the consumption sum of multi-kind of antimicrobial agents.

Objective To investigate the distribution of characteristics,clinical manifestations,laboratory parameters and activity index of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to determine their role in helping to make correct clinical diagnosis and disease the activity evaluation of SLE.Methods Collect the data of 1037 SLE patients of Ningxia Medical University Affiliated Hospital from January 2006 to June 2010.Data were analyzed with t test and Chi-square test.Results Over the past three years,there were more and more patients were admitted year by year.Among the 1037 cases of SLE patients,most of them 20-40 year-old woman,accounting for 67.5％ of the whole patient population,with a male to female ratio was 1:8.26.Joint pain was the most common initial symptom,accounting for 54.3％,followed by skin rash,accounting for 48.2％.Decreased complement C3 level and platelets counts, proteinuria,and positive anti-dsDNA antibody could be used as indicators for early diagnosis of SLE.SLEDAI activity score higher than 9 were presented in 26.0％ of patients.Factors that could impact the final score of SLEADI were fever,arthritis,skin rash,proteinuria,low complement levels,high titers of anti-dsDNA antibody,pleurisy,alopecia,mucosal ulcers,pericarditis,mental illness and decreased platelets count.Patients with active disease had a higher accidence of fever,arthritis,skin rash,lung damage,alopecia,mucosal ulcers,heart damage,mental illness and renal damaged,low complement levels,high level of anti-dsDNA antibody titers and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate.Conclusion SLE is a multi-system disease with multiple organ involvement,with characteristic clinical symptoms and immunological abnormalities,thus early diagnosis is very important.Understanding the characteristics of the diseases,correct judgement of the disease activity,reasonable and effective treatment all can delay the development of organ damage and improve the prognosis.

Objective To evaluate clinical application value of critical flicker frequency (CFF),psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES) and Stroop test in the diagnosis of covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE).Methods A total of 110 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and 54 individuals without liver diseases were enrolled as control group.According to PHES＜-4 points as reference threshold for CHE,the threshold of CFF and time of Stroop test for CHE diagnosis was caculated.Positive results of at least two of PHES,CFF and Stroop tests was considered as the gold standard for CHE diagnosis,and then the value of these three methods in CHE diagnosis was evaluated.Student's t test and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were used for statistical analysis.Results Among the 110 patients with liver cirrhosis,40 patients had no hepatic encephalopathy (HE0),52 patients had CHE,and 18 patients had grade 2 hepatic encephalopathy (HE2).The CFF value and total time of Stroop test of control group were (43.70±1.92) Hz and (201.17±20.65) s,respectively.The CFF value of HE0 group was (41.40 ± 1.85) Hz,which was higher than that of CHE group ((38.33 ± 2.32) Hz),and the difference was statistically significant (t=-7.116,P＜0.01).The total time of Stroop test of HE0 group was (197.91±26.68) s,which was shorter than that of CHE group ((253.24± 33.33) s),and the difference was statistically significant (t=8.936,P＜0.01).When PHES＜-4 points was considered as a reference threshold of CHE,the threshold of CFF for CHE diagnosis was 39 Hz,the sensitivity was 94.9％ and the specificity was 73.1％,the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.879.The threshold of the total time of Stroop test for CHE diagnosis was 233.80 s,the sensitivity was 83.3 ％ and the specificity was 71.1％,the AUC was 0.803.The completion time of the number connection test (NCT)-A,NCT-B and digit symbol test (DST),which were there of five subtests of PHES,of CHE group were (80.27±36.05) s,(124.18±55.96) s and (25.03±8.23) s,respectively,compared with those of HE0 patients ((56.68±18.82) s,(80.00±25.58) s and (34.68±8.75) s,respectively),the differences were statistically significant (t =3.691,4.108 and-4.780;all P＜0.01).Compared with the results of combined PHES and Stroop test in the diagnosis of HE0,CHE and HE2,the consistency rates of CFF＜39 Hz as threshold for diagnosis were 95.0％,61.5％ and 100.0％,respectively.Conclusions NCT-A,NCT-B and DST three subtests of PHES have higher efficiency in CHE diagnosis.CFF and Stroop test are also reliable screening methods for CHE,with advantage of objectivity and high specificity.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of the changes of microalbunminuria(MAU) levels in mechanical ventilated patients with severe pneumonia. Methods According to the ratio between the microalbunminuria and the urine creatinine (MAU/CR) (ACR), setting 25mg/mmol as the threshold, 78 mechanical ventilated patients with severe pneumonia were divided into two groups :ACR increasing group and ACR Non-increasing group,then the clinical significance of changes of MAU levels in 72 hours on prognosis of these patients was observed. Results MAU increased in 64 cases(82. 1%) ,of which 46 cases in ACR increasing group and 18 cases in ACR non-increasing group. There showed statistically significant differences on APACHE Ⅱ score, CPIS score,PCT、the success of getting out of mechanical ventilation and the mortality between two groups, (t = 3.50、2. 19 、x~2 = 3. 95、6. 70、5.38 ,P = 0.01,0.03,0.04,0.01,0.02, all P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Changes of MAU levels have the clinical significance on prognosis of the mechanical ventilated patients with severe pneumonia.

Objective To discuss the validity and the feasibility of modified specific immunotherapy of hypoglossis allergen in the treatment of children allergic asthma. Methods 100 children with allergic asthma were selected from October,2007 to April ,2008 in our hospital and divided into the observation group and the control group. The control group adopted routine method, the observation group made modifi-cation based upon routine nursing, placing emphasis on intervention of cognition and behavior of children and their parents, improvement of treatment compliance, whole- process, dynamic and continuous observa-tion of the treatment process, making individualized health education plan. The treatment compliance, total score of asthma control, and pulmonary function examination of impulse oscillation(IOS) were compared be-tween the two groups. Results The observation group was superior to the control group in treatment com-pliance, pulmonary function examination and the control results of asthma. Conclusions Specific im-munotherapy of hypoglossis allergen combined with modified nursing method can increase treatment com-pliance of children and lead to better results.

Objective To constructan eukaryotic expression recombinant plasmid named pEGFP-N2-PRNP .Methods Total RNA was extracted from alzheimer (AD) disease peripheral blood ,and the PRNP gene was amplified by reverse transcription-poly-merase chain reaction(RT-PCR) .By using gene recombination technique ,human PRNP cDNA was inserted into retroviral vector pEGFP-N2 .The recombinant plasmid was identified by a pair of specified primers containing the restriction sites of Xho Ⅰ and EcoRⅠ .Results The PRNP gene could be obtained by RT-PCR ,the recombinant plasmid was identified by restriction endonucle-ase analysis ,PCR and sequence analysis ,and the expression vector pEGFP-N2-PRNP ,which could be stably expressed in SH-SY5Y cells .Conclusion The recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N2-PRNP is constructed successfully ,Which offers a basic for the further re-search on PRNP biological fuction .

Objective To explore the preventive effect of early bowel intervention on the gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients with invasive mechanical ventilation.Methods Sixty patients with invasive mechanical ventilation were equally randomly divided into the observation group and the control group.patlents in the control group were treated by conventional nursing care,while Patients in the observation group were given the early bowel intervention including abdominal massage and stimulation of rectum.The two groups were compared in terms of gastrointestinal dysfunction.Result The rate of gastrointestinal dysfunction in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The early bowel intervention may effectively promote intestinal peristalsis,protect the intestinal digestion, absorption of nutrients and mucosal barrier function and prevent gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients with invasive mechanical ventilation during enteral nutrition.

To investigate the protective effects of the n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserina L. (NP) on pituitrin-induced acute myocardial ischemic injury in mice.

AIM:To prepare ophiopogonin enteric microsphere and to carry out the comprehensive evaluation.METHODS:The microsphere was prepared by spray-drying technology,it was evaluated by common index、 enteric index and physical index.RESULTS:Yield was(81.7? 2.1)%,embedding ratio was(86.55? 0.86)%,drug loading was(23.1? 0.2)%.The drug released degree in artificial gastric juice within 2 hours was(9.18? 0.08)%.The drug released rate in artificial intestinal juice within 45 minutes was(73.79? 0.29)%.The equilibrium moisture content decreased from 12.9% to 5.8%.CONCLUSION:An comprehensive evaluation was established.

Objective:To explore the influence of tumor cells on CD4+CD25+Treg cells via TLRs.Methods:The numbers changes of CD4+CD25+Treg cells in the co-culture system of Lewis lung cancer cells and splenic lymphocytes were detected by flow cytometry;The expression of Foxp3 and TLR1-9 mRNA after co-culture were detected by RT-PCR;TLR9 expression on Lewis lung cancer cells was blocked by TLR9 receptor antagonist chloroquine.Results:Compared with control group,the number of CD4+CD25+Treg cells and Foxp3 mRNA expression were significantly increased in the co-culture group(P