As a kind of mineral medicine containing mercury, the toxicity of Cinnabaris has always been controversial. In recent years, along with the increasing reports and studies on Cinnabaris, it has been found that although the toxicity of Cinnabaris has effects on multi-systems, the main effect is on nervous system. In order to clarify Cinnabaris neurotoxicity and reduce its damage for nervous lesion caused in clinical application, this article made a thorough analysis on symptom expression and mechanism of Cinnabaris neurotoxicity and put forward corresponding countermeasures.

Objective To study the effect of Chinese herb medicine compound on general state and bone-muscle system in simulated weightlessness rats, and to observe the synergistic action of other ingredients in the compound on calcium. Methods Thirty Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups:control group, tail suspend group, tail suspend and medicine group which were given Chinese herb medicine compound by intragastric administration. After 3 weeks simulated weightlessness, body weight (BW), muscle weight (MW) and index (MI) of posterior limb, bone length (BL), wet weight (BWW), index (BI), dry weight (BDW), content of organic (ORG) and inorganic (INO) substance, bone mineral density (BMD), and mechanical properties (MEC) of femur were observed. Results At the middle-later stage of the experiment, BW of tail suspend group decreased significantly (P

Objective To study the effects of Chinese medicine compound on bone density, biomechanics, histomorphometry of weightlessness rats simulated by tail suspension. Methods Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 rats each group:control group, model group, and low dose, medium dose and high dose Chinese medicine compound treated suspension group, the experiment period was 21 days. BMD of femur and lumbar vertebrae were detected by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The femoral biomechanics parameters and anti-compress ability of lumbar vertebrae were measured by three-point assay and compress test respectively. The quantitative structures of non- decalcified bone tissue sections were analyzed by histomorphometry. Result Compared with control group, BMD of femur and lumbar of model group decreased remarkably (P

This article was aimed to research the processing methods of Mongolian Meng-Gen-Wu-Su. Ancient and modern literatures which are related to the processing methods of Meng-Gen-Wu-Su were reviewed, summa-rized and sorted . The results showed that the traditional Mongolian Me ng-G e n-W u-Su processing method began in the eighteenth century in the book of Bi Y ong Y ao Ji Zhu Pin . The processing methods of all previous dynas-ties can be classified into three steps, which are descaling, detoxicating and specific drug processing. The pro-cessing methods contain soft, heat, cold, even, obvious, fierce, slow, white, black, speed and hard method. Among these 11 kinds of processing methods from all previous dynasties, some of them use the same processing name but the processing method are different; and some of them use different processing name but the processing methods are the same. Hence, there are 7 kinds of processing methods according to the processing content. Among them, the sulfur processing of Me ng-G e n-W u-Su is widely applied . This processing method is still used today and it can be divided into two kinds, which are the heat process and cold process. This method was originated from the fierce processing and even processing method in the book of Gan Lu Si Bu. And steps of descaling and detoxicat-ing in the processing are ignored. Other processing methods have rarely been used or not used at all. It was con-cluded that the sulfur processing method of Mongolian Me ng-G e n-W u-Su is still used until now .

This study was aimed to observe the acute toxicity and long-term toxicity of Meng-Gen-Wu-Su-18 (MGWS-18) Pills, in order to provide references for safety application of this medicine in the clinical practice. MGWS-18 Pills suspension was intragastric administered to mice twice (0.2 mL/10 g) in 6 hours with maximal con-centration (0.4 g·mL-1). And the acute toxicity reaction was observed for 14 days. The dose of maximum, middle and minimum (3.67 g·kg-1, 1.84 g·kg-1, 0.92 g·kg-1) of MGWS-18 Pills were intragastric administered continuously to rats once a day for 180 days. The rats were observed 60 days after drug withdrawal. The results showed that the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of MGWS-18 Pills was bigger than the dose of 16 g·kg-1 (which was equivalent to 436.36 times in clinical doses). There were significant differences on ALB, UREA, AST, TBIL, and CHOL between the control group and the maximum dose group of MGWS-18 Pills (P<0.05, or P<0.01) after 180 days of medica-tion. There were significant differences on ALB and UREA between the control group and the middle dose group (P< 0.05). There was no significant difference between the control group and the minimum dose group. Protein cast and degeneration necrosis at different levels of the epithelial cells of the proximal tubules were appeared in the maximum dose group after medication for 180 days. After 60 days of drug withdrawal, there were no significant dif-ferences on the general condition, body weight, hematological indexes, serum biochemical indexes, organ coefficient and etc. between the control group and each animal group. There was recovery tendency on the kidney damage of the maximum dose group. It was concluded that the basic safety intragastric administration dosage of MGWS-18 Pills in rats was 0.92 g·kg-1 (which was equivalent to 25 times in clinical doses).

Objective: To investigate the utilization status of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) in 11 hospitals of Zhejiang province from 2009 to 2015, and to analyze the use rationality.Methods: The doctor's advice in 40 days annually was collected in 11 hospitals of Zhejiang province from 2009 to 2015, and the drug consumption, frequency of utilization (DDDs), defined daily cost (DDC) and drug utilization index (DUI) were analyzed for the patients with lung cancer treated with EGFR-TKI.Results: Icotinib, erlotinib and gefitinib were the three prevalent EGFR-TKIs used in Zhejiang province, and icotinib started to be used in clinics in 2013.The overall cost of EGFR-TKIs increased year by year during 2009 and 2015, and the total amount of sales increased by 4.67 times in 2015 when compared with that in 2009.Generally, the DDDs value of erlotinib showed a decreasing trend, however, that of icotinib and gefitinib rose year by year during 2009 and 2015.Erlotinib had the highest DDC followed by gefitinib and icotinib.The mean value of DUI of the three targeted drugs was about 1.Conclusion: The utilization of EGFR-TKI is reasonable in 11 hospitals of Zhejiang province with increasing comsuption.

Objective:To investigate the sensitivity and the specificity of scorpions amplification refractory mutation system ( ARMS) in comparing with that of direct DNA sequencing in the detection of BRAF gene mutations in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.Methods:Direct sequencing and ARMS were used simultaneously to detect BRAF mutation status in 56 patients with PTMC.Results:BRAF mutations were identified in 46 cases with a mutation rate of 82.9%by ARMS,while in 18 cases with a mutation rate of 32.1%by direct sequencing.Besides,the sensitivity of ARMS was 100%and that of direct sequencing was 39.1%.There were significant differences of both mutation rate and sensitivity between two methods ( P<0.01 ).Conclusion: Compared to direct sequencing,ARMS gains a higher sensitivity in the detection of BRAF mutations in samples with tiny lesions.

Meng-Gen-Wu-Su (mercury)-18-composition pill was firstly recorded in the book of Gan-Lu-Si-Bu with the name of Jin-18 pill . The name of Me ng-G e n-W u-Su ( mercury )-18-composition pill was firstly recorded in the book of Me ng-Y i-Jin-G ui . Its composition and dosage had always been adjusted in the later dynasties . Until the issue of the book Ne i-Me ng G u-Me ng Che ng-Y ao Biao-Zhun , the composition and dosage of Meng-Gen-Wu-Su was promulgated. In different periods, the Meng-Gen-Wu-Su consisted of 17, 18 or 19 kinds of herbs. There are at least five different types of herbs appeared in the Meng-Gen-Wu-Su-18-composition pill. But 16 kinds of medicinals such as mercury, He-Zi, Cao-Wu, Liu-Huang, Qing-Ma-Zi, Jue-Ming-Zi, Bai-Yun-Xiang, Mu-Xiang, Shi-Chang-Pu, Su-Ge-Mu-Le, Shi-Gao, Rou-Dou-Kou, Ding-Xiang, Cao-Guo, Hong-Hua, Hei-Yun-Xiang are fixed in the composition. The proportion of Meng-Gen-Wu-Su-18-composition pill is inconsistent in different periods. The significant difference of drug dosage proportion are Liu-Huang and Bai-Yun-Xiang, followed by Qing-Ma-Zi, Jue-Ming-Zi, Cao-Guo, Wen-Guan-Mu. The Meng-Gen-Wu-Su-18-composition pill and Jin-18 pill from the book of Gan-Lu-Si-Bu are same prescription with the same composition but different names. The composition and dosage proportion of Meng-Gen-Wu-Su-18-composition pill from the book of Meng-Yi-Jin-Gui and He-Li-Le Jing-Zhu Jie-Y i Nan-Jing are the same with the same prescription name .

The renal toxicity of rats after a single dose ofMeng-Gen-Wu-Su (mercury) processed products,Meng-Gen-Wu-Su (mercury)-18-composition pill, mercuric sulfide, mercuric chloride, and mercurous chloride was studied. Fifty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into nine groups according to body weights (6 rats in each group): normal control group, low and high dose groups (0.033, 0.33 g·kg-1·d-1) ofMeng-Gen-Wu-Su (mercury) processed products, low and high dose groups (0.29, 2.9 g·kg-1·d-1) ofMeng-Gen-Wu-Su (mercury)-18-composition pill, simplified prescription ofMeng-Gen-Wu-Su (mercury)-18-composition pill group (0.26 g·kg-1·d-1), mercuric sulfide group (17.39 mg·kg-1·d-1), mercuric chloride group (4.06 mg·kg-1·d-1) and mercurous chloride group (35.3 mg·kg-1·d-1). After acclimation for one week, once oral administration was given to each group of rats. After 24 h, function and morphological changes of liver and kidney were detected. Mercury accumulation in kidney was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Apoptosis of renal cell was determined by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated Nick End Labeling (TUNEL). Renal typeⅢ collagen protein's expression was determined by immunohistochemical (HIC) method and expression changes of MT-1, MT-2 mRNA in kidney were also determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (real-time-PCR). There was no significant difference of ALT, AST in serum between normal control group and other groups (P>0.05). CREA and UREA in mercurous chloride group were apparently higher than normal control group and low dose group of Meng-Gen-Wu-Su processed products (P<0.01). Hepatic and renal pathologic examination results showed that liver cell of low dose groups ofMeng-Gen-Wu-Su processed products andMeng-Gen-Wu-Su-18-composition pill swelled to a low degree and glomerular disease was not obvious. In high-dose groups ofMeng-Gen-Wu-Su processed products,Meng-Gen-Wu-Su-18-composition pill and mercuric sulfide group, liver and kidney appeared some pathological changes and such changes were more significant in mercuric chloride and mercurous chloride groups. Compared with normal control group and low dose group ofMeng-Gen-Wu-Su processed products, the mercury kidney volume in mercuric chloride and mercurous chloride groups increased significantly (P<0.01). The apoptosis rate of renal cell and expression of typeⅢ collagen protein increased significantly in the groups of mercuric sulfide, mercuric chloride and mercurous chloride (P<0.01). MT-1and MT-2 mRNA gene expression rised significantly in the groups of mercuric chloride and mercurous chloride (P<0.05 orP<0.01). In summary, the rats renal toxicity after a single dose ofMeng-Gen-Wu-Su (Mercury) processed products or MongolianMeng-Gen-Wu-Su (Mercury)-18-composition pill were both far less than that of mercuric chloride or mercurous chloride.

BACKGROUND:Mongolian Pharmaceutical Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pil has achieved good clinical efficacy, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of Mongolian Pharmaceutical Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pil on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis negative feedback function in the chronic depressed rats, and to explore anti-depression mechanisms of Mongolian Pharmaceutical Betel Shisanwei ingredients pil. METHODS: Eighty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into ten groups according to the sugar consumption test (with eight rats in each group): normal control group, model group, fluoxetine group, high-, medium- and low-dose Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pil groups, RU486 group, high-, medium- and low-dose Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pil plus RU486 groups. Except normal control group, the other groups were treated with the chronic unpredictable mild stress stimulation combined with lonely rising, to establish depression models. In the meantime, rats of the high-, medium- and low-dose Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pil groups were given oral gavage of Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pil (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 g/kg) for 28 days; rats of the normal control group and model group were intragstricaly administered with sodium carboxymethyl celulose; rats of RU486 group were given abdominal subcutaneous injection of RU486 from day 21 after modeling; rats of the high-, medium- and low-dose Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pil plus RU486 groups were intragstricaly administered with Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pil (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 g/kg) and subcutaneous injection of RU486 from day 21. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with normal control group, cortisone content increased significantly (P < 0.05), the expression of glucocorticoid receptor mRNA in hippocampus, hypothalamus and pituitary gland decreased significantly, and hypothalamic corticotrophin releasing hormone mRNA expression increased significantly in the model group and RU486 group. Compared with model group, cortisone content decreased, the expression of glucocorticoid receptor mRNA in hippocampus, hypothalamus and pituitary gland increased significantly, and hypothalamic corticotrophin releasing hormone mRNA expression decreased significantly in rats treated with Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pil. Compared with RU486 group, Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pil administration led to changed in cortisone content, glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression in hippocampus, hypothalamus and pituitary gland, as wel as hypothalamic corticotrophin releasing hormone mRNA expression. Experimental findings indicate that, Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pil can directly regulate excessive secretion of glucocorticoid, and improve the dysfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis central negative feedback through increasing glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression and decreasing corticotropin releasing hormone mRNA expression. After the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis negative feedback pathway is blocked, the effect of Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pil is weakened.