ObjectiveTo study the ent-kaurane diterpenoids from Rabdosia rubescens.MethodsThe compounds were isolated by chromatographies and their structures were identified by spectral analyses.ResultsFour compounds were isolated,and they were identified as bisrubescensin E (1),2α,3α,24-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (2),2α,3α,24-trihydroxyurs-12,20-(30)-dien-28-oic acid (3),and 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin (4).ConclusionCompound 1 is a new asymmetric ent-kauranoid dimer.Compound 2 is isolated from the plant for the first time.Compounds 3 and 4 are isolated from the plants ofRabdosia (B1.) Hassk for the first time.

Objective Diagnosis of GDM during the early period and treatment in time can improve motherchild prognosis.Methods 805 pregnant women with gestational age of 24～28 weeks were screened by the 50g 1hour glucose challenge test(GET).75g oral glrcose tolerance test(OGTT)were further performed in the abnormal pregnant women,and the normal or abnormal pregnant outcomes were followed.Results The morbidity of pregnant women and neonates were higher in-group of gestational impaired glucose tolerence(GIGT)and geztational diabetes mellittts(GDM)(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion The research suggests that all pregnant women must be screened for detecting diabetes mettitus.The abnormality of glucose tolerance test need to be further treated and monitored.

Objective To investigate clinical significance of intermittent sinusoidal feial heart rate at third trimester.Methods From Jan 2002 to Dec 2010,48 pregnant women at 33 to 41 gestational weeks undergoing electronic fetal heart rate(FHR)monitoring presented with intermittent sinusoidal FHR in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Second School of Clinical Medicine,Jinan University were enrolled in this retrospective study.Twenty-one cases were categorized into continuous group(i.e.with sinusoidal feature and a constant duration≥10 minutes).while the other 27 cases were categorized iuto intermittent group(i.e.with a duration＜10 minutes).In the mean time.76 normal cases were chosen randomly matched as control group.Blood gas and hemoglobin were measured in umbilical artery after fetal head delivery.General neurological system examination were performed in those fetus in hospitalization.The outcome of those fetuses was compared.Results (1)Neonatal complications:the rate of asphyxia,meconium-stained amniotic fluid and fetal anemia were 63%(17/27),33%(9/27)and 63%(17/27)in group of intermittent sinusoidal FHR,which were significantly higher than 1%(1/76),4%(3/76),3%(2/76)in control group(P＜0.05).When compared with 67%(14/21),52%(11/21),76%(16/21)in group of continuous sinusoidal,the statistical difierence were not observed(P＞0.05).(2)Blood gas in neonate:the rates of pH less than 7 were 18%(5/27)in intermittent group,52%(11/21)in continuous group and 0 in control group,which all reached statistical difference among those three groups(P＜0.05).(3)Brain damage and death:the rates of brain damage and death were 48%(13/27)and 11%(3/27)in intermittent group,81%(17/21)and 43%(9/21)in continuous group,and 0 in control group,which all showed significant difference between them(P＜0.05).Conclusion Intermittent and continuous sinusoidal FHR are typical graphics of severe fetal anemia at third trimester.Intermittent sinusoidal FHR is indicative of serious fetal hypoxia.

Objective To observe the characteristics of vertical cast-off bloodstain pattern by different hitting-tools. Methods The regular hitting tools, a kitchen knife, a dirk, a plane set-hammer and an iron pipe, were selected. At a distance of 30 cmaway fromthe wall, the hitting tool with 5 mL fresh chick-en blood made the cast-off bloodstain fromtop to bottom. Then the holistic distribution characteristics ( length , width and density ) of cast-off bloodstain and morphology characteristics ( length , width and contact angle) of first single cast-off bloodstain were analyzed. Results The distribution length of cast-off bloodstain formed by dirk was minimum( P<0 .05 ) . The distribution width of cast-off bloodstain formed by kitchen knife was minimum(P<0.05). Except the pair of kitchen knife and plane set-hammer, the distribution density between each two tools had statistical differences (P<0.05). The length of first single cast-off bloodstain formed by plane set-hammer was longest compared (P<0.05). The width of first single cast-off bloodstain had statistical differences between kitchen knife and plane set-hammer, and between dirk and plane set-hammer (P<0.05). Conclusion The type of hitting tool could be inferred by the specific characteristics of cast-off bloodstain pattern formed by every specific type of hitting tool in crime scene.

Objective To explore the methods for training the abitity of critical thinking of ICU nurses.Methods ICU nurses were trained in terms of knowledge training, case study, care rounds, self-reflection, case discussion, simulation training and seminars. The Chinese version of the critical thinking disposition inventory(CTDI-CV)was used before and one year after the training.Result The scores on CTDI-CV as well as the items after training were all significantly higher than that before training(P<0.05).Conclusion The knowledge and ability in critical thinking can be improved by knowledge and skills training.

In the reformation,we have applied the technique of multimedia to the experiments,which has made the nonobjective theories simplified and the key and difficult points in teaching aesy to understand and increased the content of teaching in the limited teaching hours.It has proved that we achieved a good effect in teaching.

Objective To study the effect of Sarcandra Glabra on the expression of signal transduction molecules of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway in miniature pig of radiation-induced lung injury.Methods 75 miniature pigs were divided into control group,radiation group and radiation plus medication group randomly.At 1 week before exposure of right lung with 15 Gy γ-rays,the miniature pigs in radiation plus medication group were given Sarcandra glabra,while those in the other groups received an equal amount of saline.Right lung were taken at weeks 2,4,8,12 and 24 after irradiation,the pathological changes in the lung tissue were observed by HE staining,and the expression of mRNA and protein of TGF-β1,Smad2,Smad3,and Smad7 were detected by real-time PCR and western blotting,respectively.Results Sarcandra glabra reduced the inflammation and fibrosis of the lung tissue in miniature pig after irradiation.Compared with control group,the expressions of TGF-β1 and Smad3 were significantly increased at 2 weeks after irradiation(P ＜ 0.05),Smad2 and Smad7 were increased at 8 and 12 weeks after irradiation(P ＜ 0.05),respectively,in the radiation group.Compared with the radiation group,the expressions of TGF-β1 and Smad2 were significantly decreased(P ＜ 0.05) from the fourth and eighth week,respectively,Smad3 had no obvious change while Smad7 was significantly increased from the second week in the radiation plus medication group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Sarcandra Glabra plays protective effect on radiation-induced lung injury in miniature pig by regulating TGF-β1,Smad2 and Smad7 expressions in the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the role of Rho in SiO2 induced α-SMA expression in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). Methods HBECs were cultured and stimulated with SiO2. Immunocytochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression of α-SMA. The activity of Rho was determined by GST pull down assay. In the prevention experiment,SiO2-stimulated HBECs were incubated with Rho inhibitor Y27632,and the expression of α-SMA was examined by Western blot. Results With SiO2 (0-300 μg/mL) treatment,the expression of α-SMA increased gradually,and 200 μg/mL of SiO2 led to the highest expression of α-SMA which was (5.09±1.98) times of the expression of α-SMA in the control group(P＜0.01). HBECs treated with SiO2 (200 μg/mL) for indicated time (1,2,6,12,and 24 h)showed an obvious increase of Rho activity(P＜0.01). Y27632 inhibited SiO2-induced α-SMA expression significantly,and the inhibition rate of 20 and 30 μmol/L Y27632 was 68% and 75%,respectively (P＜0.01).Conclusion Rho signaling pathway may mediate SiO2 induced α-SMA expression in HBECs.

Objective:To study the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) in hilar cholangiocarcinoma.To discuss the relationship of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 expression with the metastasis and prognosis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods:Immunohistochemical S-P method was used in the examination of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 expression in 78 hilar cholangiocarcinoma.The relationships of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 expression with the pathological differentiation,metastasis and prognosis were analyzed.Results:The positive rate of MMP-2 expression was 72% ,and that of TIMP-2 was 76%.According to Ridit analysis,the degree of MMP-2 expression were correlated with the pathologic differentiation and lymph-node metastasis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.The high expression of MMP-2 existed in the low pathologic differentiation and the high rate of lymph-node metastasis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.The high expression of TIMP-2 existed in the high pathologic differentiation and the low rate of lymph node metastasis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. MMP-2 and TIMP-2 expression had a significance correlation(r=0.708,P

AIM:The aim of this study was to examine the microstatellite instability(MSI)and loss of heterozygosity(LOH)of locus D17S396 on chromosome 17 and their influence on the expression of nm23H1 in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),which may provide experimental evidence for the mechanism of nm23H1 gene and tumor metastasis.METHODS:Techniques such as DNA extraction from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues,PCR-SSCP,ordinary silver stain were used to study MSI and LOH of locus D17S396.Envision immunohistochemistry and Leica-Qwin computer imaging techniques were used to assess the expression of nm23H1.RESULTS:① The frequency of heredity instability of HCCs was 35.42%.The frequency of LOH in the cases with lymph node or distant organs metastasis or not and with intrahepatic metastasis or embolus of portal vein or not was significantly different(P