Objective To investigate the effects of propofol on gastric mucosal cellular apoptosis after resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock in rabbits.Methods One hundred healthy adult male New Zealand rabbits weighing 2.5-3.0 kg were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n =20 each):group sham operation (group S) ; group hemorrhagic shock ( group M ) and Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ 3 propofol groups ( groups P1,2,3 ).Hemorrhagic shock was induced by withdrawing blood from femoral artery.MAP was reduced to 35-40 mm Hg and maintained at this level for 60 min in groups M,P1,P2 and P3.Blood was then transfused back via femoral vein to restore blood volume.In groups P1,2,3 propofol 5 mg/kg was injectel iv at 10 min before ischemia (group P1 ),10 min before (group P2 ) and 20 min of resuscitation (group P3 ) respectively followed by continuous infusion at 20 mg·kg-1 ·h-1 until 90 min of resuscitation.The gastric mucous membrane specimens were obtained at 90 min of resuscitation for macroscopic examination and detection of apoptosis (by TUNEL) and Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression (by immuno-histochemistry).Results Hemorrhagic shock seriously damaged gastric mucous membrane,significantly increased apoptotic index (the number of apoptotic cells/the total number of cells) and Bax protein expression and decreased Bcl-2 protein expression and Bcl-2/Bax ratio in group M as compared with group S.Propofol significantly attenuated hemorragic shock-induced above changes in groups P1 and P2.Concluion Pre- and post-conditioning with propofol can attenuate apoptosis in gastric mucous membrane cells induced by hemorrhagic shock by up-regulating Bcl-2 protein expression and down-regulating Bax protein expression.

Objective To investigate the effect of continuous video EEG monitoring on acute cerebral infarction comorbid epileptiform discharges and clinical seizures,and the relationship between cerebral infarction site and seizures.Methods Of the 337 patients continuously video EEG monitored in NICU at our department,259 were included for this study according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria.We recorded patients' epileptiform discharges,type and time of clinical onset,detailed CT and (or) MRI display,cerebral infarction site,and demographic data including admission age,gender,disease history and NIHSS score.Results There were 227/259 (88％) cases showed abnormal discharge in EEG,including 94 with side hemispheric slow wave,99 with local changes,34 with slow wave combined with epileptiform discharges.Early seizures was found in 12 cases,including 3 cases with seizure-induced cerebral infarction,9 cases with attack within one week after cerebral infarction.Ten in the 12 patients had tonic-clonic seizures,and the other 2 cases hadlocal seizures.Epileptiform discharges in EEG was found in 9 cases of the 12 patients.Clinical seizures were not observed in 25 patients with epileptiform discharges in EEG.Results on the relationship between cerebral infarction site and epileptiform discharges showed that incidence of epilepsy in patients with watershed infarction was significantly higher than other types of cerebral infarction (29.0％ vs 13.4％ and 9.0％,P =0.03,0.01 ).Conclusion Continuous video EEG monitoring is capable of detecting early epilepsy and epileptiform discharges.It can provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of epilepsy.

Objectives To evaluate the association between serum cystatin C and carotid atherosclerosis.Methods Medical data,including physical examinations,serum levels of cystatin C,bilirubin,uric acid and other biochemical markers and duplex ultrasonographic scanning for the carotid artery,of 1741 healthy adults (1193 men and 548 women) who sought physical check-up at Peking Union Medical College Hospital during January 2010 and December 2011 were collected,and those with hypertension,diabetes and liver or renal function failure were excluded.Based on the results of carotid duplex uhrasonography,all the adults checked were assigned to two groups,one with thickened intima-media and atherosclerotic plaque (group A),the other with non-thickened intima-media and non-atherosclerotic plaque (group B).Difference in serum cystatin C,bilirubin,uric acid and other biochemical markers between the two groups was analyzed by using Student's t test.The correlation between the markers and carotid plaque was analyzed by using Spearman correlation analysis.The correlated factors of the carotid thickness and plaque appearance were analyzed by using unconditional Logistic regression analysis.Results Serum level of cystatin C was significantly increased in group A (t =-8.85,P ＜ 0.05).Thickness of carotid intima was positively correlated with serum cystatin C (r =0.21,P ＜ 0.05).In multivariate Logistic regression analysis,high level of serum cystatin C was not an independent risk factor of carotid atherosclerosis.Conclusion Relationship between serum cyatatin C and carotid atherosclerosis was not confirmed in our populations,which should be explored further in cohort studies.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of sodium ferulate (SF) on injury of gastric mucosa after traumatic hemorrhage shock resuscitation in rabbits.Methods One hundred healthy rabbits were randomly ( random number) divided into 4 groups ( n =25 in each group):control group ( A),model group ( B),pre-resuscitation SF group (C) and post-resuscitation SF group (D).The gastric mucosa injury model was established by using a method of comminuted fracture of femur and blood depletion.SF 30 mg/kg was injected into vein of rabbits' ear 20 min before resuscitation in group C and 30 min after resuscitation in group D,while rabbits of remaining groups received equal volume of normal saline instead.The gastric mucosa was obtained 90 min after resuscitation.The damage index (DI) of gastric mucosa was observed with method of Guth and the ultra-structure of parietal cell of stomach was observed under electronic microscope and the contents of TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGF1α in gastric tissue homogenate were determined with radio-immunity methods,and the ratios of TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α were calculated.Data were analyzed by ANOVA ( LSD-t test ),and P ＜ 0.05 was considered as statistical significance. Results Under the electronic microscope,the secreting tubules were observed to be closed tightly in the parietal cells of stomach in the group A,showing a static status.However,in the group B,the number of normal secreting tubules was increased and the lumens were enlarged obviously.Compared with the group B,the number of normal secreting tubules was decreased and the enlargement of secreting tubules was not obvious in group C.The degree of changes in secreting tubules in group D was that between group C and group B.Compared with group A,the DI,the content of TXB2 and ratio of TXB2 to 6-Keto-PGF1α in other three groups were higher [DI: (81.5+13.6), (61.3+18.2), (70.5+17.2) vs.(4.2+2.7); the contents of TXB2:(4.95 +0.51),(3.75+0.64),(4.39±0.69) vs.(2.76±0.44); and the ratios of TXB2 to 6-KetoPGF1α:(0.064±0.002),(0.037±0.005), (0.049±0.002) vs.(0.027±0.002)] (P＜0.01),but the contents of 6-Keto-PGF1α in other 3 groups were lower [ (77.9±8.9),(96.4±11.2),(89.2+11.4) vs. (109.3±7.6)] (P＜0.05orP＜0.01).Compared with group B,theDI [ (61.3±18.2),(70.5±17.2) vs.(81.5±13.6)] and the contents of TXB2 [ (3.75±0.64), (4.39±0.69) vs.(4.95±0.51)] and the ratios ofTXB2 to6-Keto-PGF1α [ (0.037±0.005), (0.049±0.002) vs.(0.064 ±0.002)] in groups C and D were lower (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ),but the contents of 6-KetoPGF1α in groups C and D [ (96.4 ± 11.2),( 89.2 ± 11.4) vs.(77.9 ± 8.9) ] were higher ( P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ).Compared with group C,the DI [ ( 70.5 ± 17.2) vs.61.3 ± 18.2) ] and the contents of TXB2 [ (4.39 ± 0.69) vs.(3.75 ± 0.64) ] and the ratios of TXB2 to 6-Keto-PGF1α [ (0.049 ± 0.002 ) vs.(0.037 +0.005) ] in group D were higher ( P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ),but the content of 6-Keto-PGF1α in group D [ ( 89.2 ± 11.4 ) vs.(96.4 ± 11.2) ] was lower ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions SF can attenuate the injury of gastric mucosa after traumatic hemorrhage shock resuscitation in rabbits,and its therapeutic effects is better when it is administered before resuscitation than those as it is administered after resuscitation.The possible mechanism is associated with the effects of improving balance between TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGF1α and inhibiting the secreting function of parietal cell of stomach.

Objective:The roles of HMGA2 in maintaining malignant phenotypes of the osteosarcoma U2OS cells was studied to explore the possibilities for it to be developed as a target for gene therapy.Methods:U2OS cells were stably transfected with a DNA based shRNA expression vector which targeted to HMGA2.The expression of HMGA2 mRNA was proved by RT-PCR;Cell growth,migration and apoptosis were determined with CCK8,hoechst33342 staining and Boyden ventricle,respectively.The mRNA levels of Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 were determined by real time quantitative RT-PCR.Results:The transfection with shRNA expression vector significantly decreased HMGA2 mRNA levels of U2OS cells.Cell growth and migration were decreased,but apoptosis and the mRNA levels of Caspase 3 and Caspas 9 were increased following the decrease of HMGA2 mRNA.Conclusion:The abnormal expression of HMGA2 plays an important role in maintaining the malignant phenotypes of U2OS cells.Gene therapy targeted to HMGA2 could be helpful in the treatment of human osteosarcoma.

This article presents the design of a bioreactor using hollow fiber membrane and, isolated hepatocytes of suckling pigs, and the experimental study of its efficacy in vitro. Liver cells were harvested from suckling pigs with collagenase perfusion in situ, and parenchymal and non-parenchymal hepatocytes were cocultured in a hollow fiber module which was rotated sporadically. Bioartificial liver(BAL) was developed using this bioreactor,and the BAL was perfused with ascites of patients suffering from liver cirrhosis. The yield of viable hepatocytes was (6.29 +/- 0.37) x 10(8) cells, and cell viability was greater than 84%. Hepatocytes aggregated to multi-cells spheroids after being rotated every thirty minutes for three hours. The hepatocytes in the bioreactor could synthesize urea. Total billirubin was decreased, and AST was significantly increased in the group of bioreactor, as compared with that in the control group. Glucose decreased in the group of bioreactor,whereas there was no significant descent in the control group; and the difference between the two groups was significant. The above results demonstrate that this bioreactor is effective for decreasing total bilirubin and glucose.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Bioreactors ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; Liver, Artificial ; Swine

Objective:To investigate the normal reference values of spinal bone mineral density measured by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and the differences of bone mineral density (BMD) in different regions of in Chinese adult males.Methods:Men who underwent low-dose CT lung scan for cancer screening in regions of Northeast, North, East, South, Central and Southwest of China from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected. And the lumbar vertebrae BMD values in the male subjects were measured by the QCT system (Mindways Software, Inc.). The mean BMD values and their decline rates were calculated at an age interval of 10 years, and the prevalence of osteoporosis was calculated according to the American College of Radiology spine QCT osteoporosis diagnostic criteria.Results:A total of 50 682 males with a mean age of (50.22±12.79) years (ranged 20 to 98 years) were included in this study. The peak BMD of (173.11±28.56) mg/cm 3 in the healthy Chinese adult male population appeared in the age group of 20 to 29 years and then declined with age. Before the age of 70 years, the BMD was relatively higher in males in South China, and it was lower in Central China and Southwest China, and it was intermediate in Northeast, North and East of China, with statistically significant differences. There was no significant differences in BMD in the males in the two age groups of 70 to 79 years and 80 and older among the regions in China. The overall decline rate of spinal BMD in Chinese males under QCT was about 46.92% over the lifetime, and it declined obviouslyin the 40-49 age group. The overall prevalence of osteoporosis in Chinese male population aged 50 years and above was approximately 11.42%, with the highest prevalence in Southwest China and Central China (14.72% and 13.87%, respectively) and the lowest in North China and South China (8.53% and 7.71%, respectively). Conclusions:A reference of lumbar spine BMD values for healthy males in China based on QCT is established. BMD values were highest in South China and Lowest in Central China.