Objective To establish the quality standard for Tibetan medicine MNXT granule.Methods Inula racemosa,Tinospora sinensis were identified by TLC; Isoalantolactone and alantolactone were determined by HPLC.Results Inula racemosa,Tinospora sinensis could be identified by TLC.The concentration of isoalantolactone was linear in the range of 0.281～0.842 μg,r=0.9998,with the average recovery rate being 98.5％,RSD being1.14％.The concentration of alantolactone was linear in the range of 0.232～0.696 μg,r=0.9999,with the average recovery rate being 97.4％,RSD being 1.10％.Conclusion The method was simple,accurate,repeatable and able to control the quality of preparation effectively.

Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has been considered a poison,which is also known as an old drug and has recently been re-introduced as a new medicine.As2O3 shows potent effect on many types of cancers,especially on a specific types of leukemia-acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL).This poison drug As2O3 is effective against all stages of APL and has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States for the treatment of APL.However,the clinical use of As2O3 has been limited by its toxicities,especially cardiotoxicity.This review focuses on the therapeutic effect on APL and the side effect during treatment.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of dopamine,phentolamine,recombinant interferon α combined with nasal continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) ventilation in treating severe infantile bronchiolitis.Methods Ninety-five cases of infantile severe bronchiolitis were divided into the observation group(55 cases) and control group (40 cases).The control group was given the combined treatment scheme of dopamine,phentolamine and recombinant interferon α,while on this basis the observation group was added with NCPAP.The curative effects were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05);the temperature recovery time,wheezing disappearance time,cough stopping time,lung wheezing sound disappearance time and hospitalization time in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05);the breathing rate,heart rate and PaCO2 level after treatment in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment,the levels of PaO2,PaO2/FiO2 and pH were significantly higher than those before treatment in the same group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);the breathing rate,heart rate and PaCO2 level after treatment in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05);the levels of PaO2,PaO2/FiO2 and PH after treatment in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05);the levels of IL-8,sVCAM-1and LTE4 after treatment in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of serum IL-8,sVCAM-1 and urine LTE4 between the two groups(P>0.05);the recurrence rate and death rate in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group with statistical difference(P<0.05);the occurrence rate of adverse situation during treatment period had no statistical difference between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Dopamine,phentolamine,recombinant interferon α combined with NCPAP has obviously clinical effect for treating infantile severe bronchiolitis,can effectively improve the blood gas analytical indexes,reduces the signs and symptoms relief time,reduces the rates of relapse and death,and has higher clinical application value.

Objective To evaluate the role of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway in mitigation of anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R)-induced damage to rat cardiomyocytes by emulsified isoflurane postconditioning.Methods Primarily cultured cardiomyocytes obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 16-20 weeks,were seeded into the laminin pre-treated 6-well plates at a density of 104/cm2 and cultured for 20 h.The cells were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),group A/R,and emulsified isoflurane postconditioning group (group EI).The cells were cultured for 110 min without any treatment in group C.The cells were exposed to 45 min anoxia followed by 60 min reoxygenation in A/R and EI groups.After 45 min of hypoxia,the cells were cultured with emulsified isoflurane 1.68 mmol/L for 5 min before onset of reoxygenation in group EI.At the end of reoxygenation,transmission electron microscope was used to observe the ultrastructure of myocardial cells,and mitochondrial function was scored.The mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2,heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1),superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1),and quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot.Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to detect Nrf2 nuclear translocation at the end of incubation,and Nrf2 activity was recorded in the nucleus of myocardial cells.Results Compared with group C,the mitochondrial function score was significantly increased,the mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2,HO-1,SOD1 and NQO1 was down-regulated,and Nrf2 activity in the nucleus was enhanced in A/R and EI groups.Compared with group A/R,the mitochondrial function score was significantly decreased,the mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2,HO-1,SOD1 and NQO1 was up-regulated,and Nrf2 activity in the nucleus was enhanced in group EI.Conclusion The mechanism by which emulsified isoflurane postconditioning mitigates A/R-induced damage to rat cardiomyocytes is related to induced nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and activated Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of azithromycin sequential therapy combined with terbutaline in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia. METHODS:130 children with mycoplasma pneumonia were randomly divided into control group and observation group. Control group was given azithromycin sequential therapy by using 10 mg/kg Azithromycin dispersible tablet by intravenous infusion,once a day,for continuous 3-5 d,then rested for 4 d,and then given 10 mg/kg Azithromycin dis-persible tablet at a draught,once a day,for continuous 3 d,then rested for 4 d;observation group was additionally given 2.5 mg Terbutaline injection adding into 5 ml sodium chloride injection by inhalation via oxygen atomization,twice a day,10-15 min ev-ery times,and then the children were fed with warm boiled waterafter atomization. The treatment course for both groups was 4 weeks. Clinical efficacy,and changes of cytokines levels [tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6),IL-8],disap-peared time of related symptoms and signs (wheezing,rales,coughing,fever),hospitalization time before and after treatment, and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:After treatment,the effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than control group,levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly lower than control group,disap-peared time of related symptoms and signs and hospitalization time were significantly shorter than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between 2 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Azithromycin sequential therapy combined with terbutalineaerosol therapycan effectively improve the cytokines levels and clinical efficacy,with good safety.

OBJECTIVE Toobservetheeffectoftemozolomide(TMZ)incombinationwithtetran-drine(TET)on cell viability,colony formation,migration and cell apoptosis of human glioblastoma U87 cells.METHODS TheviabilityofU87cellstreatedwithTET(8-64μmol·L-1),TMZ(50-400 μmol·L-1 )and TMZ combined with TET (3.2,6.4 μmol·L-1 )was detected by cytotoxicity assays with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8),the colony formation was detected by Giemsa staining,cell migration ability was detected by Transwell migration assay,cell apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometry using Annexin Ⅴ /PI double staining,and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins expression was detec-tedbyWesternblotting.RESULTS ThedataofCCK-8showedthatTET(r=0.903,P<0.05)orTMZ (r=0.995,P<0.05)could inhibit U87 cell viability alone in a concentration-dependent manner.The cell viability inhibition rate of U87 cells by TMZ co mbined with TET was higher than by TMZ or TET alone. Data showed that the effect of TMZ combined with TET was additive.TMZ 100 μmol·L-1 inhibited U87 cell colony formation and migration ablility compared with normal control.The inhibition rate of U87 cells by TMZ 100 μmol·L-1 combined with TET (3.2 and 6.4 μmol·L-1 )was more significant than by TMZ alone (P<0.05).Compared with TMZ alone,TMZ combined with TET (3.2 and 6.4 μmol·L-1 )signifi-cantly down-regulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-XL,but significantly up-regulated the expression of cleaved caspase 3 protein and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase.CONCLUSION TET combined with TMZ can inhibit U87 cell viability,colony formation and migration by activating caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway,resulting in apoptosis.

Objective To study the role of hydrogen sulfide(H2S)in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI)-induced oleic acid(OA)and its regulatory effects on the inflammatory msponse.Method The ALI models in SD rats were produced by intravenous injection of OA(0.1 ml/kg).Forty-nine male SD rats were divided into three groups randomly:control group,OA group and OA+sodium hydrosulfide(NaHS)group.Rats of OA group and OA+NaHS group were sacrificed at 2,4 and 6 hours after the administration of OA,respectively.Rats of control group were sacrificed at 6 hours after intravenous normal saline(0.1 ml/kg).PaO2,lung tissue wet/dry(W/D)ratio and IQA score were determined.The concentrations of H2S in lung tissue and plasma were tested by sensitive sulphur electrode.The IL-6.IL-8 and IL-10 levels were measured by doubleantibody sandwich ELSIA.Results Compared with control group,of lung tissues was observed in rats treated with OA induced ALI,which led PaO2 dropped,and lung tissue W/D ratio,PMN%in alvedolar lavage and IQA raised score in the lung at 2,4 or 6 hours after OA injection(P＜0.01).In addition,IL-6,IL-8,and IL-10significantly increased,IL-6[plasma,control:(73.95±14.68)pg/ml,2 h:(186.70±23.85)pg/ml,4 h:(238.50±26.46)pg/ml,6 h:(215.95±25.86)pg/ml,P＜0.01;lung tissue,control:(60.58±12.91)pg/ml,2 h:(160.32±24.57)pg/ml,4 h:(195.27±46.28)pg/ml,6 h:(185.66±17.42)pg/ml,P all =0.000)],IL-8[plasma,control:(80.69±20.42)pg/ml,2 h:(184.11±19.51)pg/ml,4 h:(286.20±53.34)pg/ml,6 h:(241.30±45.85)pg/ml,P＜0.01;lung tissue,control:(69.14±15.96)pg/ml,2 h:(174.10±20.36)pg/ml,4 h:(249.02±31.17)pg/ml,6 h:(237.74±34.18)pg/ml,P＜0.01] and IL-10[plasma,control:(39.78±8.97)pg/ml,2 h:(111.18±11.46)pg/ml,4 h:(115.60±13.91)pg/ml,6h:(102.41±9.93)pg/ml,P＜0.01;lung tissue,control:(71.86±14.19)pg/ml,2 h:(126.96±18.72)pg/ml,4 h:(151.88±27.61)pg/ml,6 h:(137.28±14.22)pg/ml,P all=0.000] levels.in association with a decreased H2S content of plasma lung tissue decreased in[plasma,control:(36.58±6.80)μmol/L,2 h:(21.30±2.75)μmol/L,4 h:(20.63±1.26)μmol/L,6 h:(20.00±1.60)μmol/L,P＜0.01;lung tissue,control:(27.61±2.20)μmol/L,2 h:(20.67±1.37)μmol/L,4 h:(20.79±1.10)μmol/L,6 h:(18.92±0.75)μmol/L,P＜0.01]were observed in the plasma and lung tissue of OA-treated rats compared to controls.Administration of NaHS prior to OA treatment could lessen the lung pathologic changes induced by OA and elevate the concentrations of H2S in plasma[4 h:(26.67±3.44)μmol/L vs(20.63±1.26)μmol/L,P=0.042;6 h:(26.98±4.93)μmol/L vs(20.00±1.60)μmol/L,P＜0.05]and lung tissue[4 h:(23.20±1.48)μmol/L vs(20.79±1.10)μmol/L,P=0.011;6 h:(21,43±1.79)μmol/L vs(18.92±0.75)μmol/L,P=0.016].At the same time,the levels of IL-6 in plasma(185.37±21.98)pg/ml vs(238.50±26.46)pg/ml,4 h,P=0.000;(124.22±21.84)pg/ml vs(215.95±25.86)pg/ml,6 h,P＜0.01]and IL-8(199.40±34.56)pg/ml vs(286.20±53.34)pg/ml,4 h,P＜0.01;(146.58±20.23)pg/ml vs(241.30±45.85)pg/ml,6 h,P＜0.01]decreased significantly,but the level of IL-10(154.48±18.08)pg/ml vs(115.60±13.91)pg/ml,4 h,P=0.000;(138.06±20.01)pg/ml vs(102.41±9.93)pg/ml,6 h,P＜0.01]increased significantly.Conclusions The levels of endogenous H2S drop during the course of ALI oleic acid induced in rats.Exogenous H2S could decrease the levels of inflammatory factors(IL-6and IL-8),but increase the level of anti-inflammatory factors(IL-10).It could change the ratio of inflammatory factors/anti-inflammatory factors and therefore play a protective role against oleic acid induced ALI in rats.

Objective:To investigate and evaluate the safety of intravitreal injection of recombinant human endostatin (rh-endostatin) with different concentrations in rabbit eyes.Methods:Thirty healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits were enrolled with the right eyes selected as experimental eyes, and were randomly divided into five groups by random distribution of computer numbers, with 6 eyes in each group.The rabbits in the normal control group were given no treatment, and the rabbits in the normal saline group, 0.125 mg rh-endostatin group, 0.250 mg rh-endostatin group and 0.500 mg rh-endostatin group were treated with 100 μl of normal saline, 0.125 mg/100 μl, 0.250 mg/100 μl and 0.500 mg/100 μl rh-endostatin according to grouping, respectively.The anterior segment and fundus of the experimental eyes were examined using slit lamp biomicroscope and indirect ophthalmoscope, and the intraocular pressure (IOP) of the experimental eyes were measured with iCARE handheld tonometer before injection and 1 day, 3, 7, 14, 30 and 60 days after injection.Optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination was performed before the intravitreal injection and 7, 30, and 60 days after injection, respectively.Flash electroretinogram was performed before intravitreal injection and 14 days and 60 days after injection.The rabbits were sacrificed by euthanasia at 60th day after injection.Three experimental eyes of each group were dissected and made into paraffin section, and histopathological staining was used to detect the retinal structural changes.The retinal tissue was separated from the other three study eyes in each group, and the transmission electron microscope was employed to observe the ultrastructural changes of the retina.All animal experiments were performed in adherence to the Regulations of the State and the Animal Center of Yangzhou University Medical College for the Use of Animals in Research.Results:After intravitreal injection, no obvious anterior or posterior chamber change was observed by slit lamp microscopy in all groups at any time point.Flocculent seepage was observed in one eye of the 0.125 mg and 0.500 mg rh-endostatin group, respectively, which was then absorbed completely on the 7th and 14th day.OCT examination showed no abnormal light reflection or morphological changes in fundus of day after injection in all the groups.There was no significant difference in IOP, a-wave and b-wave amplitude among all the groups at different time points ( Fgroup=0.134, 0.101, 0.476; Ftime=1.709, 2.479, 1.706; all at P>0.05). Neither light nor electron microscopy showed any retinal damage in any group. Conclusions:Intravitreal injection of rh-endostatin is safe at the dosage of 0.125-0.500 mg in rabbits.

Objective To evaluate the effect of emulsified isoflurane postconditioning on nuclear factor?E2 related factor 2 ( Nrf2 )?antioxidant response element ( ARE ) signaling pathway during myocardial ischemia?reperfusion ( I∕R ) in rats in vitro. Methods Healthy male Sprague?Dawley rats, aged 4-5 months, weighing 250-300 g, were heparinized and anesthetized with intraperitoneal 1% amobarbital sodium 40 mg∕kg. Their hearts were excised and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K?H solution. Thirty?two isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n=8 each ) using a random number table: control group (group C), group I∕R, emulsified isoflurane postconditioning group (EIP group) and fat emulsion group ( group F) . After 20 min of equilibration, group C was continuously perfused with K?H solusion for 100 min. Group I∕R underwent 40 min of ischemia at 32 ℃, followed by reperfusion for 60 min. In EIP and F groups, after undergoing 40 min of global ischemia, the isolated hearts were perfused for 2 min with K?H solution containing 1.68 mmol∕L emulsified isoflurane and 712 mg∕L intralipid, respectively, starting from the onset of reperfusion, and then were continuously perfused with K?H solution containing oxygen at 37 ℃ for 58 min. Heart rate (HR), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), left ventricular end?diastolic pressure ( LVEDP ) , and positive maximal pressure of left ventricular increase (+dp∕dtmax ) were recorded at the end of equilibration and reperfusion. At the end of reperfusion, myocardial specimens were obtained from the left ventricle for examination of the ultrastructure of myocardial cells and for determination of Nrf2, heme oxygenase?1 ( HO?1) , quinone oxidoreductase 1 ( NQO1) , and superoxide dismutase 1 ( SOD1) and mRNA expression using Western blot and real?time PCR. Results Compared with group C, HR, +dp∕dtmax and LVDP were significantly decreased, and LVEDP was increased at the end of reperfusion in I∕R and F groups, LVDP was significantly decreased, LVEDP was increased, and no significant changes were found in HR and +dp∕dtmax at the end of reperfusion in EIP group, and Nrf2, HO?1, NQO1 and SOD1 and mRNA expression was down?regulated at the end of reperfusion in I∕R, EIP and F groups. Compared with group I∕R, HR, +dp∕dtmax and LVDP were significantly increased, and LVEDP was decreased at the end of reperfusion in EIP and F groups, Nrf2, HO?1, NQO1 and SOD1 and mRNA expression was significantly up?regulated at the end of reperfusion in EIP group, and Nrf2, HO?1, NQO1 and SOD1 mRNA expression was significantly up?regulated, Nrf2 and HO?1 expression was up?regulated, and no significant changes were found in NQO1 and SOD1 expression at the end of reperfusion in group F. Compared with group EIP, HR, +dp∕dtmax and LVDP were significantly decreased, LVEDP was increased, and Nrf2, HO?1, NQO1 and SOD1 and mRNA expression was down?regulated in group F. Conclusion Emulsified isoflurane postconditioning attenuates myocardial I∕R injury probably by activating Nrf2?ARE signaling pathway in isolated rat hearts.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of combined detection of VCA-IgA and Rta-IgG in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods From May 2013 to November 2014, 3 913 serum samples(male 2 367,female 1 546) from healthy people who had health examination in our medical center were collected and 169 serum samples(male 118,female 51) were collected from the patients who were diagnosed as nasopharyngeal carcinoma by pathological biopsy.Serum samples in two groups were detected by EBV RTA-IgG, VCA-IgA assay ( ELISA ) respectively.SPSS17.0 statistical software and receiver operating characteristic curve ( ROC) were applied to data analysis.Results The Rta-IgG positive rates of EB virus were 93.5%in NPC group (158/169) and 2.4%(93/3 913) in healthy group;while the VCA-IgA positive rates were 79.3%in NPC group ( 134/169 ) and 8.9% ( 349/3 913 ) in healthy group. The sensitivity(χ2 =14.49,P<0.05) and specificity(χ2 =157.15,P<0.05) of Rta-IgG in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were significantly better than that of VCA-IgA. Using VCA-IgA/Rta-IgG combined detection analysis, not only failed to effectively improve the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal cancer, but to reduce the detection sensitivity to 72.8%( 123/169 ) , compared with Rta-IgG detection only. Conclusions Rta-IgG is significantly better than that of VCA-IgA.There was no significant improvement in the clinical diagnostic efficacy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma using VCA-IgA/Rta-IgG combined detection mode.