Target restoration space (TRS) is the most precise space required for designing optimal prosthesis. TRS consists of an internal or external tooth space to confirm the esthetics and function of the final restoration. Therefore, assisted with quantitive analysis transfer, TRS quantitative analysis is a significant improvement for minimum tooth preparation. This article presents TRS quantity-related measurement, analysis, transfer, and internal relevance of three TR. classifications. Results reveal the close bond between precision and minimally invasive treatment. This study can be used to improve the comprehension and execution of precise esthetic prosthodontics.
Esthetics ; Esthetics, Dental ; Humans ; Prosthodontics ; methods ; Tooth Preparation

Objective To detect the mutations in ATP2C1 gene in 3 Chinese Hailey-Hailey-disease (HHD) families and 1 sporadic HHD patient.Methods Three Chinese HHD families and 1 sporadic HHD patient were recruited into this study with informed consent.Blood samples were taken from the patients with HHD,unaffected individuals in the HHD families and 100 unrelated normal human controls.Genomic DNA was extracted from these blood samples.All the exons and exon-intron boundaries of the ATP2C1 gene were amplified by PCR followed by direct sequencing via dye-termination chemistry.Results Three novel missense mutations in ATP2C1 gene were identified,including a 2048 G→A mutation in exon 20 causing the substitution of arginine by lysine at position 619 in the patients from HHD family 1,853A→C mutation in exon 8 causing the substitution of threonine by proline at position 221 in the patients from family 2,and 2323T→C mutation in exon 23 causing the substitution of tyrosine by histidine at position 711.None of these mutations were found in patients from the HHD family 3,unaffected individuals from the HHD family 1 and 2,or the unrelated normal human controls.Conclusion Three novel missense mutations are identified in the ATP2C 1 gene of patients with HHD.

Sixty-nine cases of acute hyperthyroid myopathy admitted from 1990 to 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.Hoarseness was the most common symptom; 17.39％ of the patients had difficulty in breathing; respiratory muscle paralysis and aspiration pneumonia were the main causes of death.Efficient treatment lasting for two weeks was carried out in 81.16％ of the cases.Patients with severe bulbar palsy were often complicated with aspiration pneumonia and thus had high mortality rate.The main treatments in cluded anti-hyperthyroid drugs,corticosteroids,energy supports,and symptomatic management,which usually resulted in good clinical improvement.

Although traditional tooth preparation techniques (e.g., depth-groove-guided and index-guided techniques) are designed to improve preparation precision, the results are unsatisfactory because of the lack of proper estimating tools. This study proposed a novel technique, in which relevant details for preparation of drilling holes are provided and corresponding depth is estimated using a quantitive bur under a microscope. This technique offers a viable option for precise tooth preparation.
Humans ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Tooth Preparation ; methods

Objective To explore the expression of the CENP-W in gliomas and investigate the effects of its invasion. Methods The expression level of the CENP-W in gliomas with varied pathologic grade were detected by immunohistochemical analysis,RealTime PCR,and Western Blotting. U251 cells were transfected with the specific siRNA to repress the CENP-W expression level. The invasion ability of U251 cells were examined by Transwell Chamber assay ,while RAS mRNA and protein levels were detected at the same time. Results The expression levels of the CENP-W in glioma tissues were significantly high and the CENP-W gene could enhance the invasion of U251 cells . The expression of RAS was down-regulated when the expression of CENP-W was repressed. Conclusion The CENP-W has an oncogenic role in human brain gliomas and may regulate the invasion of gliomas by adjusting the RAS signaling pathways.

Objective: To investigate the effect of comprehensive feeding intervention on feeding quality and weight gain of premature infants. Methods: Eighty-one premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of our hospital from September 2016 to December 2018 were selected and randomly divided into the intervention group (n=41) and the control group (n=40). Infants in the control group received routine nursing and infants in the intervention group were given comprehensive feeding intervention on the basis of routine nursing includingimproved Y type gastric tube, gravity tube feeding in prone position, oral movement intervention, colostrum oral immunotherapy and kangaroo nursing. The changes of feeding process were compared between the two groups and the occurrence of feeding intolerance in the two groups was observed. Results: The duration of tube feeding and hospital stay were lower in the intervention group than in the control group (P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in birth weight and body weight at discharge between the two groups (P>0.05), but the average daily weight growth rate [g/(kg·d) ] after 1 week and the milk volume [ml/(kg·d)] at 1 week were higher in the intervention group than in the control group(P<0.05). The incidence of gastric retention, abdominal distension and vomiting in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group, but only the difference in the incidence of gastric retention (24.4% vs 47.5%) was statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of feeding intolerance was significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (24.39% vs 47.50%, P<0.05). Conclusion Comprehensive nursing intervention can shorten the tube feeding time of premature infants, promote the weight growth of premature infants, improve the feeding quality, reduce the incidence of feeding intolerance, and reduce the hospital stay of premature infants, so as to reduce the hospitalization cost, improve the quality of life of premature infants, and increase the satisfaction of parents.

Objective To look for more serum biomarkers supporting the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy ( MSA) and providing more evidence for early treatment.Methods All patients and healthy controls were enrolled from January 2011 to March 2015 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University.Demographic features and biochemical examination results were collected.The t test was used to compare the lipid levels between MSA patients and controls.LSD-t test was used to compare the lipid levels among subtypes of MSA patients.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the influencing factors.The relevance between lipid levels and onset age, disease duration and Hoehn & Yahr stage was calculated by Spearman correlation coefficients.Results Participants included 195 MSA patients and 195 age-and gender-matched controls with no neurological diseases.The levels of total cholesterol ((4.33 ±0.90) mmol/L), triglyceride ((1.27 ±0.71) mmol/L), low-density lipoprotein (LDL;(2.70 ±0.76) mmol/L) were significantly lower in patients than in controls ((4.52 ±0.85), (1.47 ± 0.86), (2.85 ±0.71) mmol/L ,t=2.056,2.528 and 2.149 respectively, all P<0.05).The levels of total cholesterol ((4.28 ±0.96) mmol/L) and triglyceride ((1.20 ±0.64) mmol/L) were significantly lower in MSA-P patients than in control group ((4.52 ±0.85), (1.47 ±0.86) mmol/L;LSD-t=1.983, 2.566, both P<0.05).After adjusting for age, gender and histories, the odds ratio ( OR) was 0.31 (95%CI 0.15-0.65, P =0.002 ) for MSA patients in the highest quartile of triglyceride and 0.38 (95%CI 0.17 -0.83,P=0.016) for those in the highest quartile of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), compared with the lowest quartiles.And HDL level was in a significantly positive correlation with onset age (r=0.15, P=0.039).Conclusion Our data suggest that triglyceride and HDL may be associated with the prevalence of MSA, and the lower levels of HDL, the earlier onset of MSA.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of permissive hypercapnia in infants undergoing one-lung ventilation(OLV). Methods A total of 64 infants were randomly divided into Group N(normocapnia group,n=32)and Group H(hypercapnia group,n=32).Arterial blood gas samples were collected at four differ-ent time points:10 minutes after intubation(T1),30 and 60 minutes after artificial pneumothorax(T2,T3),and 30 minutes after being sent to post anesthesia care unit(T4)while vital signs(HR,MAP,SpO2and temperature) and ventilation parameters(Ppeak,Vt,PEEP,RR,MVV,and FiO2)were recorded simultaneously;OI was calcu-lated by corresponding equation. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)was collected before and after surgery for the measurement of RAGE. Results Compared with those at T1,MAP and PaO2were significantly lower but Ppeak was obviously higher in group N,while HR,Ppeakas well as PaCO2were increased(P<0.05)and Vt,MVV,pH, PaO2as well as lactic acid were decreased in group H(P < 0.05)at T2and T3. Compared with those in group N, MAP,HR as well as PaCO2were higher while Ppeak,Vt,MVV,pH,and lactic acid were lower in group H at T2 and T3(P<0.05).There was a significant increase of RAGE in both groups after surgery and it was much higher in group N when compared with that in group H after surgery(P<0.05). Conclusion PHC not only has advantages in improving tissue oxygenation,but also has the potential of lung protection for infants undergoing OLV.

Objective To investigate the effects of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonist methyl-6-ethynyl-pyridine (MPEP) on behavior and striatal postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) protein expression changes in rats with levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID).Methods Hemi-parkinsonian rat models were established by stereotaxically injection of 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA) in the right medial forebrain bundle;then,these 32 Parkinson's disease (PD) rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=8):levodopa (L-DOPA) treatment group,receiving L-DOPA 25 mg/kg+benserazide 6.25 mg/kg;saline group,giving the same volume of saline;MPEP treatment group,receiving 1.5 mg/kg MPEP;and L-DOPA+MPEP treatment group,accepted L-DOPA 25 mg/kg+benserazide 6.25 mg/kg+MPEP 1.5 mg/kg;All rats received intraperitoneal injections twice daily and continued for 21 days.At days 2,9,11,18 and 21,behavior changes of all rats were detected;the protein and mRNA levels of PSD-95 in striatal tissues were detected by Western blotting and real-time PCR,respectively.Results (1) Abnormal involuntary movement scores were significantly decreased in rats of L-DOPA+MPEP treatment group (42.33±12.43,41.80±13.69 and 40.30±9.76) as compared with those in L-DOPA treatment group (55.56±9.28,54.89±7.01 and 58.44±7.68) on days 11,18,and 21 (P＜0.05).Forepaw adjusting steps were significantly increased in Parkinson rats of L-DOPA+MPEP treatment group as compared with rats of L-DOPA treatment group (P＜0.05);and the increased extent was not decreased as time prolonging.Forepaw adjusting steps were also increased after MPEP treatment alone.Co-administration of L-DOPA with MPEP reversed the shortening of rotational response duration induced by L-DOPA.(2) The up-regulation of PSD-95 protein and mRNA levels in the lesioned striatum was noted in the L-DOPA treatment group (1.39 ±0.37 and 3.80 ±1.09),while this trend could be alleviated by coadministration of L-DOPA with MPEP (0.76±0.66 and 1.65±0.81).Conclusion MPEP can alleviate abnormal involuntary movements induced by L-DOPA and strengthen the anti-parkinsonian effect of L-DOPA,which may be related to regulation of striatal PSD-95 expression induced by L-DOPA.

Objective:To report the clinical, electrophysiological and genetic features in a Chinese family with distal hereditary motor neuropathy type V (dHMN-V) and screen the pathogenic mutant gene.Methods:A family with the history of inherited peripheral neuropathy was recruited in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in July 2017. The clinical features and electrophysiological data were investigated. Genetic testing on well-established genes associated with hereditary peripheral neuropathy was conducted by targeted high throughput sequencing and the candidate variant was screened in the family and normal controls.Results:There were four affected individuals in the family. The proband, a 25-year-old male, was characterized by weakness and atrophy in the distal extremities primarily affected the upper extremities without sensory impairment. Electrophysiological study showed chronic neurogenic pattern in the upper and lower limb muscles. The motor conduction showed reduced velocity and compound muscle action potential amplitude, while the sensory conduction studies results were normal. The grandfather, a maternal uncle and a cousin of the proband exhibited similar clinical manifestations and electrophysiological abnormality. Genetic testing revealed a heterozygous mutation, c.880G>A(p.G294R), in the GARS gene in the proband. Proband′s mother and two other affected individuals carried the mutation which was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The mutation site was not found in the unaffected members from the family and 300 unrelated normal controls. The variant is a novel mutation which has not been reported in dbSNP, ExAC and 1000 Genomes Project databases. Conclusion:The results suggest that the novel c.880G>A(p.G294R) mutation of the GARS gene is responsible for the Chinese patients with dHMN-V, and the findings broaden the mutational spectrum of GARS gene.