Investigation on anti-HCV in different cohorts of 21844 blood donors from 18 districts and counties of Beijing, and Guan, Yongqing, Xincheng, Xushui counties of Hebei province had been performed. It was showed that the anti-HCV-positive rates of voluntary and nonpaid donors were 1.7% (13/738) and 2.9% (116/3943) respectively, and 13. 6% (2011/14757)and 48.1% (1161/2415) for paid donors and plasma pheresis donors respectively. It was also found that the anti-HCV-positive rates of paid donors from Guan and Yongqing counties were (16.4%82/499) and 13.9% (53/381) respectively, 50% (575/1148) and 56% (540/965) for plasma pheresis donors from those counties respectively. The positive rates increased with the level of ALT. More than 45.5% donors whose ALT was above 45 U had anti-HCV.

The methods of extraction of purified blood mononuclear cell(PBMC)from human bully coat (BC), and the conditions of serial production of high titer IL-2 by using PBMC as raw material were studied. For separation of PBMC was selected Methyl Cellulose-Ficoll Hypaque (MC-FH) which can not only be suited to its serial production but also ensure its quality. The separated PBMC's viability was more than 95%, and the phagocyte contamination was less than 5%. The combined PHA/TPA induction method was selected by investigating the various induction methods and conditions. The conditions for inducing the IL-2 by TPA/PHA method were as following., the PBMC's concentration had better be 1.25～2.5?10~6ml; 5% of normal human AB serum was substituted for calf serum; domestic universal microorganism culture kit was used instead of imported CO_2 culture kit: culture was conduced in the rotating 500ml sealed bottles at 37℃ for 72～96 hours. The titer of IL-2 produced under mentioned above conditions reached four digits, and its highest value was 2100 IU/ml and was 20 times higher than that of the titer of IL-2 induced by PHA method. The yield of IL-2 induced with 20units of buffy coat(from 4000ml whole blood) was 23?10~6IU, and the resulting amount of induced liquid was 2000～3600ml. This provided a suitable technological process for production of IL-2 using the buffy coat as raw meterial. (Original article on page 1)

Objective To study the association of sex, body mass index and insulin resistance with serum leptin in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods one hundred and eight patients were divided into two groups according to BMI: diabetic obese group and diabetic normal BMI group.Their weight and height were measured. Fasting plasma glucose(FPG),fasting true insulin(FTI),postprandial true insulin(PTI),and fasting serum leptin(LEP) were also measured. ISI=1/(FPG?FTI) as insulin sensitivity index were used to analyse the relation between leptin and insulin resistance. Results ⑴The serum leptin,body mass index,FTI and PTI were significantly higher in diabetic obese group than diabetic normal BMI group. ISI was significantly lower in diabetic obese group than diabetic normal BMI group. ⑵Female serum leptin levels were significantly higher than male serum leptin levels in diabetic obese group and diabetic normal BMI group. ⑶Fasting leptin was correlated with sex. Leptin was positively corrected with body mass index,FTI and was negatively corrected with ISI. Serum leptin wasn't correlated with FPG. Conclusin Serum leptin level is associated with sex,BMI and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of phosphoric acid phosphate combined metformin in the treatment of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods A total of 86 cases with diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus included in this study were dividing into control group and experiment group with each 43 cases.The patients in the both groups were give regular treatment.Patients in the control group were given metformin hydrochloride sustained release tablets 500mg by oral administration with 3 times a day and patients in the experiment group revieved phosphoric acid phosphate by oral administration with once a day.A cycle of 2 groups of patients were 28d,a total of 3 cycles of treatment.The ADP,APAF1,D25-(OH)D3),CysC and adverse drug reactions were compared between the two groups.Results The clinical efficacy in experiment group was 93.02％,which significant higher than that in control group 76.74％(P<0.05).The serum level of ADP,APAF1 and CysC decreased after treatment with experiment group much lower than the control group(P<0.05).The serum D25-(OH)D3l elevated in the two groups with experiment group much higher than the control group(P<0.05).The adverse drug reactions was not statistically different between the two groups.Conclusion Phosphoric acid phosphate combined metformin in the treatment of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus was effective with high safety.

Objective To study on effects of Alprostadil on 24-hour urinary albumin(U-Alb)in patients with diabetic nephropathy.Methods:38 patients with diabetic nephropathy were included in the study.The test group involving 20 patients were grouped into group A(pristine diabetic nephropathy) and group B(clinical diabetic nephropathy)randomly according to urinary albumin.The control group including 18 patients were grouped into two groups according to the same way.The subjects in both groups have the same therapy in terms of control of blood glucose,blood pressure,plasma lipids,and other therapy methods.Besides,the test group was injected Alprostadil(凯时)10ug from vein,one time a day,14 day continuously,but Alprostadilas well.Results After the treatment of two groups,the level of the urinary albumin decreased obviously compared with the index before treathent,and decreased significantly compared with normal control group.Conclusion Alprostadil can lower urinary albumin with diabetic nephropathy.

Doctors must carry out informed consent in medical treatment.However,to ensure patients' rights and interests mostly,this obligation needs exempted in some special cases.This article studies the insufficiency in the existing regulation on doctors' obligations exemption.It also lists some constructive suggestions based on the existing theory to solve this problem.

0.05). The main toxicities were well tolerated and consisted of leukopenia,nausea/vomiting and peripheral neuritis. Grades Ⅲ-Ⅳ nausea/vomiting,renal toxicity and cardiac insufficiency occurred more frequently in the control group,peripheral neuritis occurred more frequently in the study group (P

[Objective] To evaluate the 5 year follow-up result of posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF)using autogenous bone and double cage.[Methods]Totally 84 cases received PLIF surgery.Hospitalized records and X-ray findings at 1,3,5 years post-operation were collected and Oswestry disability index(ODI)was evaluated to observe the fusion effect and adjacent segment degeneration(ASD).[Results]The difference was significant between preoperative ODI and 1 year postoperative ODI(P

[Objective]To investgate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in osteonecrosis of the femoral head during the repairing with biodegradable strontium-doped calcium polyphosphate in glucocorticoid-induced rabbits.[Method]Twenty mg/kg methylprednisolone was injected into right gluteus medius muscle at intervals of 24 hours for three times in 21 adult male Japanese white rabbits.Three rabbits were killed randomly at 2 weeks after methylpednisolone injection,both the femora and humeri were histologically examined for the presence of osteonecrosis. The remaining 18 animals with a total of 36 cylindrical 2.5?5 mm femoral head defects were created following the trapdoor procedure. Eighteen animals with femoral head bone defects were randomly divided into three groups. Group A:the defects filled with strontium-doped calcium polyphosphat,Group B:the defects filled with calcium polyphosphate and Group C:the defects filled with autologous cancellous bone alone. Roentgenographic and histological examinations were performed postoperatively. Finally,immunohistochemical analysis using monoclonal antibodies anti-VEGF was performed.[Result]No hip joint dislocation occurred. In Group A,the results of VEGF expression had a significantly difference from those in the other groups 12 weeks after operation. Most of the biodegradable strontium-doped calcium polyphosphate was resorbed and was largely replaced by newly formed trabecular bone at 12 weeks. While in Group B,a major part of defect were repaired. New formed trabecular bone in the defect was very thin. In Group C,morsellized cancellous bone was completely surrounded by fibrous and newly formed trabecular bone. [Conclusion]VEGF expression in the defect of osteonecrosis of the femoral head during the repairing with biodegradable strontium-doped calcium polyphosphate may play a role in stimulating vascular invasion and granulation tissue formation.This may be an important step toward facilitating the resorption in the osteonecrosis,thus impooring the repairing proceduce of femoral head defect.

Cartilage is vulnerable to traumatic injury and unable to facilitate a satisfactory healing response due to its poor vascularity and inability to access mesenchymal stem cells.Continuous defects in the joint surfaces cause pain,swelling,and mechanical symptoms that result in functional impairment and limitation of athletic participation.Commonly used repair techniques include marrow stimulation,structural osteo-articular autografts or chondrocyte implantation.Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a concentrate extract of platelets from autologous blood,which is rich in growth factors and other cytokines and provides local environment for tissue regeneration and lends a possible option for the stimulation and acceleration of cartilage regeneration.This review gives summarization on the current state of the use of PRP for cartilage regeneration.