Objective To realize the isolation of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs)from ward environment, and provide evidence for clinical prevention and control of MDRO transmission.Methods Patients with MDRO in-fection in a stomatology hospital from September 2012 to July 2014 were as trial group,12 randomly selected pa-tients without MDRO infection were as control group,environmental object surface in patients’ward were taken specimens and performed culture,isolated organisms were identified and performed antimicrobial susceptibility tes-ting.Results Of 44 patients with MDRO infection,13 patients’surrounding environment were detected MDROs,the total detection rate was 29.55%(13/44).The detection rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA),multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB),and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE)were 45.45%(5/11),66.67% (2/3)and 66.67%(6/9)respectively.Detection rates of MRSA from nasal cavity and hands of MRSA-infected patients were 72.73% and 54.54% respectively,from nasal cavity and hands of patients’caregivers were 36.36%and 18.18% respectively.The difference in bacterial count between trial group and control group was not significantly dif-ferent (all P >0.05).Conclusion Isolation rate of MDROs from ward environment of MDRO-infected patients is higher than that of non-MDRO-infected patients,monitoring,cleaning and disinfection for MDRO-infected patients’surrounding environment should be strengthened,so as to prevent the spread of MDROs in hospital.

0.05], whereas it is significantly decreased in ACEI group[(69.3?14.6)ml?min-1? (1.73 m2)-1 vs (63.5?16.4)ml?min-1?(1.73m2 )-1,P

Now medical undergraduates are faced with a series of problems in the clinical practice.Instructors should work well on students' education work to improve the effect and quality of clinical practice.

According to the training of all levels and all kinds of personnel during our hospital's digital construction and implementation process,this article discussed the training char-acteristic of computer skill and the teaching principle for doctors and nurses

Objective To discuss the feasibility and superiority of EST combined with LC in treating cholecystolithiasiswith common bile duct stones.Methods Patients underwent LC(laparoscopic cholecystectomy) preceded by EST(endoscopic sphincterotomy) and removal of common bile duct stones.ENBD(Endoscopic nasal biliary drainage tube)was placed if EST failure and then the patient underwent LC+laparoscopic biliary duct exploration(LCBDE),or open operative bile duct exploration.Results In 91 of the 99 cases,LC preceded by EST and stone removal was successful,while EST following LC was successful in 3 cases,and stone removal by EST was unsuccessful in 3 cases.Two cases less than 15 years of age underwentLC+LCBDE through the cystic duct and did not undergo EST.Three cases,who had EST failure,underwent LC+LCBDE with primary suture of the common bile duct or LCBDE with T-tube drainage of commonbile duct,or open bile duct exploration with primary suture of the common bile duct(ENBD was in place).All patients were discharged from hospital without serious complications.Conclusions EST combinedwith LC in treating cholecystolithiasis with common bile duct stones is a safe and effective method.Combination of endoscopic and laparoscopic procedures fully reflects the advantage of minimally invasive therapy.

Objective To study the effect of Shuanghuanglian injection on CRP, PCT and IL-6 in pneumonia children.Methods 68 cases of pneumonia children were selected and divided into the control group and the experiment group.33 case in the control group and 35 cases in the experiment group.The two groups were treated with conventional symptomatic treatment and anti infection treatment for the two groups were implemented routine symptomatic treatment and anti infection treatment.The control group were treated with cefotaxime sodium injection, the experiment group were treated on the base with Shuanghuanglian injection.CRP, PCT and IL-6 in serum were compared before and after the treatment.Results Compared with the control group, the level of CRP in serum was lower(P<0.05), the level of PCT in serum was lower(P<0.05), the level of IL-6 in serum was lower(P<0.05).Conclusion Shuanghuanglian injection has a good clinical effect on children’s pneumonia.It is speculated that the mechanism is related to the decrease of serum CRP and IL-6 level.

A Ni-based rare-earth perovskite LaNiTiO3 nanoparticles was synthesized and its catalytic activity was investigated. Based on this, a simple and quick nonenzyme electrochemical sensor was fabricated with stable and reliable performances for the determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). The techniques of X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectra, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescene spectroscopy and scan electronmicroscope were used to characterize the composition, structure and morphology of as-synthesized sample. The sensor based on this nanomaterial was investigated and optimized by cyclic voltammetry and current-time techniques. The results showed the working electrode modified with LaNiTiO3 (0. 5 g / L, 8. 0μL) in 0. 1 mol/ L NaOH exhibited good catalytic properties for H2 O2 . Under the optimum conditions, the sensor performed excellent properties, such as quick response time ( about 2 s ), a wide linearity (0. 2 μmol/ L -8. 0 mmol/ L), a low detection limit of 0. 05 μmol/ L ( S / N = 3 ), a high sensitivity of 957 μA (mmol/ L) -1 cm-2 , good reproducibility and anti-interference ability, which was better than those of some other biosensors reported recently. So, it may be used for the analysis and detection of H2 O2 in practical samples such as biomedicine.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of neutrophil-to-lymphocytc ratio(NLR) in identifying blood stream infection caused by different pathogens and for differentiating coagulase negative staphylococcus(CNS)bloodstream infection and contamination.Methods Medical records of 500 patients who underwent blood culture test and routine blood test at the same time were retrospectively analyzed,blood culture negative group 356 patients,blood culture positive group 144 patients,which included Gram-negative group,Gram positive group,fungi group,CNS bloodstream contamination and mingled group.Collected the results and calculated the NLR at the same time.NLR were applied by t test of each group.ROC curve was used to determine the cut off value of NLR.Results ①Mean values of NLR in negative blood culture,blood stream infection group,CNS bloodstream infection and contamination were 6.12,13.15,10.11 and 6.24.NLR had statistical difference between negative blood culture and blood stream infection group,CNS bloodstream infection group and contamination group (P＜0.05).②Mean values of NLR in and fungi group were 15.33,11.63 and 10.58,respectively.NLR had statistical difference between Gram-positive bacteria group and Gram-negative bacteria group (P＜0.05).NLR had no differences among Gram-positive bacteria (15.33) and Gram negative bacteria (11.63) compared with (10.58) fungi respectively (P＞0.05).③The area under the curve of NLR predicting a positive blood culture,distinguishing Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria,differentiating CNS bloodstream infection and contamination were 0.86,0.60 and 0.75,respectively.The optimal cut off values of NLR for predicting a positive blood culture,distinguishing Gram-positive bacteria and Gramnegative bacteria,differentiating CNS bloodstream infection and contamination were 10.45,7.50 and 8.10 respectively.Conclusion NLR is highly effective in distinguishing blood stream infection and differentiating CNS bloodstream infection and contamination.

This study was aimed to investigate short-term modulation mechanism of scalp acupuncture according to the experimentation of cortical excitability and motor-related cortical potentials in ten normal volunteers.Through scalp needle stimulation in specific theoretical areas related to underlying cerebral surfaces,scalp acupuncture can be used as an effective therapy by changes in relative cerebral function,which is the basic principle.According to the available neurophysiological data in our study,the modulation of scalp acupuncture displayed in late part of motor-related cortical potential noticed mainly in the motor and sensory cortexes,contralateral to the needle stimulate site.Also,acupuncture can develop inhibition at longer interstimulus intervals,in paired pulse magnetic stimulation,from the somatosensory input of contralateral sensory cortex via scalp needle stimulation.In our study,it might be difficult to produce more acupuncture inhibition.The maintaining of scalp needles subcutaneously without other management after achieving needling sensations cannot achieve the requested strength of the acupuncture stimulation.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that the finite element method could preferably simulate the biomechanical analysis for the object with complicated structures and irregular shapes. The similarities for the finite element model have great influences on the results of the analysis. However, to construct an ideal model is the most time-consuming and complicated portion for the finite element analysis. OBJECTIVE:To construct a finite element model for the maxilary first molar and the periodontal tissue, and to provide a basis of biomechanical researches of the maxilary first molar. METHODS: A volunteer with complete mandibular dentition and healthy periodontal tissue was selected in this study. Cone-beam CT was scanned. The images were saved as DICOM format. These images were imported to the medical modeling software Mimics. The surface model for the maxilary first molar and the alveolar bone was constructed. The model was then imported to GiD for pre-processing. Thus, the complete three-dimensional finite element model for the maxilary first molar and the periodontal tissue was constructed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A finite element model for bilateral maxilary first molar, periodontal ligament and maxilary alveolar bone was constructed, including 896 035 nodes and 4 881 067 elements. This model has restored the geometric shape and the structure of the research object. This study successfuly constructed finite element models of maxilary first molar and the periodontal tissue, which can be a basis of biomechanical researches for the maxilary first molar and the periodontal tissue under the effect of different clinical orthodontic forces.