Smoking and exposure to second hand smoke are the deadly killer of human health. Tobacco kills more than one million people each year in China. According to 2015 Chinese adult tobacco survey, the number of smokers in China increased by 15 million during five years, from 301 million in 2010 to 316 million in 2015. Smoking addiction is a chronic recurrent disease, and its pathogenesis is associated with the mesolimbic dopamine system. In recent years, domestic and overseas scholars studied the brain function of smoking addicts through resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and found that the brain functional activity of smoking addicts has changed. fMRI can help us understand the mechanism of tobacco dependence, and provide the evidence of diagnosis, treatment and health management of tobacco dependence. In this paper, the present study situation and the application in the field of the treatment and management of smoking cessation of fMRI in smoking addicts are reviewed.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effect of Compound ginkgo leaf granules on liver function damage of acute pancreatitis. METHODS:Totally 82 patients with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)complicated with liver function damage se-lected from our hospital during Sept. 2013-Sept. 2015 were randomized into control group and observation group according to ran-dom number table,with 41 cases in each group. Control group was given SAP related routine therapy. On the basis of the control group,observation group was additionally given Compound ginkgo leaf granules 5 g added into warm boiled water 80 mL via naso-gastric tube,tid,one week as a treatment course,for 2 courses. The remission time of abdominal pain,serum amylase recovery time,length of hospital stay and adverse drug reactions were observed in 2 groups. The levels of serum amylase,ALT,TBIL, AST,γ-GT,ALB,IL-6,TNF-α,creotoxin concentration,MDA,SOD,GSH-Px,total antioxidant capacity(TAC)and peripher-al blood PMN NF-κB levels were determined in 2 groups before and after treatment. RESULTS:In control group,3 patients with-drew from the study and 38 patients completed the study;in observation group,6 patients withdrew from the study and 35 patients completed the study. The remission time of abdominal pain,recovery time of serum amylase and the length of hospital stay in obser-vation group were significantly shorter than control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in the levels of serum amylase,ALT,TBIL,AST,γ-GT,ALB,IL-6,TNF-α,creotoxin concentration, MDA,SOD,GSH-Px,TAC and NF-κB between 2 groups(P>0.05). After treatment,the levels of serum amylase,ALT,TBIL, AST,γ-GT,IL-6,TNF-α,creotoxin concentration,NF-κB and MDA in 2 groups were decreased significantly,while the levels of ALB,SOD,GSH-Px and TAC were increased significantly;the observation group was significantly lower or higher than the con-trol group,with statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Compound ginkgo leaf granules can significantly decrease serum amylase,protect liver function, with good safety. The mechanismmay be inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors,improving oxidative stress reactions,reduce the concentration of creotoxin and inhibiting the activity of NF-κB.

Objective To evaluate the clinical utility of CMV pp65 antigenemia by CMV brite Kit for predicting active/reactive CMV infection S as well as of CMV diseases in bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplant patients. We also investigated the efficacy of preemptive therapy guided by detection of CMV antigenemia. Methods A total of 210 EDTA anticoagulant plasma samples from 36 bone marrow or Peripheral Stem Cell Transplant Patients were prospectively collected from September 1999 to April 2000. The specific CMV antibody IgG/IgM of all patients were detected by ELISA. We detected CMV pp65 antigenemia by indirect immunofluorescence assay using CMV Brite Kit. All blood samples were detected weekly from week 3 after bone marrow transplantation until 100 days or antigenemia turning negative/dischage or death. Ganciclovir preemptive therapy was initiated at first positive pp65 antigenemia. Results Of 36 bone marrow or Peripheral Stem Cell Transplant Patients, 16 patients occurred positive pp65 antigenemia, 15 patients suffered from symptomatic CMV infections or CMV diseases. In 14 patients of positive pp65 antigenemia receiving gaciclovir therapy at first antigenemia, 2 patients died (mortality rate 14.2%), 12 patients of pp65 antigenemia became negative. Otherwise, 2 untreated cases died. The study showed a significant difference in mortality rate between treated and untreated patients (P

Cartilage is vulnerable to traumatic injury and unable to facilitate a satisfactory healing response due to its poor vascularity and inability to access mesenchymal stem cells.Continuous defects in the joint surfaces cause pain,swelling,and mechanical symptoms that result in functional impairment and limitation of athletic participation.Commonly used repair techniques include marrow stimulation,structural osteo-articular autografts or chondrocyte implantation.Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a concentrate extract of platelets from autologous blood,which is rich in growth factors and other cytokines and provides local environment for tissue regeneration and lends a possible option for the stimulation and acceleration of cartilage regeneration.This review gives summarization on the current state of the use of PRP for cartilage regeneration.

0.05).Conclusions:Occlusal splint is effective in the control of TMD pain,the treatment mechanism is related to the quick improvement of masticatory muscles.

In the modernization course of Chinese materia medica(CMM),two misunderstanding mistakes which are out of line with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theory and excessively emphasize the research of CMM compound prescription and two difficult points which are the establishment of CMM quality control system and the establishment of CMM evaluation system were pointed out.Because the main means of TCM syndrome differentiation treatment and TCM combination therapy is CMM processing pieces and the starting point of the research of CMM efficacy substantial basis should be CMM processing pieces,the priority of the modernization of CMM should be the research on modern CMM processing pieces and the conditions have been mature now.The research on modern CMM pieces were supposed to take three steps:the research on "standardized extract",the research on "effective fraction" and the research on the CMM nature of "effective fraction".

Objective To observe the baseline characteristics and visual outcomes after two years follow-up of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients treated with ranibizumb. Methods Forty-four eyes of 44 patients with exudative AMD were enrolled into this retrospective study, 19 were men and 25 were women. The mean age was 78 years (range 64–92 years). All patients were underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA, Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study), fundus color photography, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The mean BCVA was (50.36±14.43) letters, the mean central foveal thickness (CFT) was (291.95± 82.19)μm, and the fluorescence leakage area of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was (7.61±5.84) mm2. All patients received three initial intravitreous injection of ranibizumb (IVR) and were retreated with monthly IVR when needed. The mean follow up time was 25.6 months (range 24–29 months). On 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after treatment, BCVA and OCT were repeated. On 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after treatment, FFA and ICGA were repeated. The change of BCVA, CFT and fluorescence leakage area of CNV were observed. The association of baseline characteristics and two year visual outcomes were analyzed. Results On 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after treatment, the BCVA were improved significantly (t=?1.89,?3.51,?4.61,?4.04,?5.77,?4.69;P<0.05), the CFT were decreased significantly (t=1.51, 2.30, 3.40, 3.28, 3.54, 3.88, 3.73;P<0.05). On 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after treatment, the fluorescence leakage area of CNV were reduced significantly (t=2.12, 2.90, 3.51, 4.12, 4.06;P<0.05). The lower baseline BCVA, the more improved after treatment. The BCVA improvement degree has a negative relationship with baseline BCVA and fluorescence leakage area of CNV (r=0.505,?0.550;P<0.05), but no correlation with baseline CFT (r=0.210, P>0.05). Conclusion Two year visual outcomes of exudative AMD patients treated with ranibizumb is negative correlated with baseline BCVA and fluorescence leakage area of CNV, but not correlated with baseline CFT.

Objective To explore the association of expression of apoptosis-associated gene BAK and cFLIP with the biological behaviors in endometriosis. Methods The expression of BAK and cFLIP protein gene in eutopic and ectopic tissue samples from 40 cases with pathologically confirmed ovarian endometriosis and 40 cases with pathologically confirmed normal endometrium was detected by immunohistochemical method. Results ①The expression of BAK and cFLIP protein gene was found in three groups of different endometrial tissue. ②The expression of BAK protein gene was increased gradually in ectopic endometrial , eutopic endometrium and normal tissue and there was significantly difference between every two groups ,while cFLIP was contrary expressed (P <0.05); ③In normal endometrium, The expression of BAK protein gene in secretory phase was higher than that in proliferative phase (P < 0.05), while cFLIP was contrary expressed, in eutopic endometrium and ectopic endometrial tissue , The expression of BAK and cFLIP protein gene in secretive phase showed no statistically significant difierence with that in proliferative phase (P > 0.05). ④The expression of BAK protein gene in severe group (Ⅲ-Ⅳ period) is lower than mild group both in eutopic or ectopic endometrial tissues,while cFLIP was contrary expressed (P < 0.05). ⑤The expression of BAK and cFLIP was negatively correlated with each other in ectopic endometrium (r=-0.389,P< 0.05). Conclusion BAK and cFLIP was negatively expressed in EMS, which may take a part in the endometrial apoptosis and disorderly proliferation. BAK and cFLIP may play an important role in the the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis.

OBJECTIVETo explore the rhythm regulatory mechanism of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the process of moxibustion for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

METHODSA total of 144 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a moxibustion group, a sham operation group, an operation group, an operation+moxibustion group, 24 rats in each one. Each group was divided into 4 time points (0:00 am, 6:00' am, 12:00 am, 6:00 pm), 6 rats in each time point. The Light-Dark 12 : 12 was given in all rats for light-dark cycle. Except the blank group, rats in the remaining groups were treated with intracutaneous injection of freund's complete adjuvant at right-side foot to establish the model of RA. After the model establishment, bilateral adrenal, glands were removed in the operation group and operation + moxibustion group, while those in the sham operation group were not removed with identical operation procedure. Rats in the moxibustion group and operation + moxibustion group were treated with grain-sized moxibustion from 7:00 am to 9:00 am at "Shenshu" (BL 23) and "Zusanli" (ST 36) once everyday, 6 times were taken as one session and 3 sessions were required tatclly, while rats in the remaining groups received identical fixation without moxibustion. The general health state and foot volume of rats were measured before model establishment, after establishment and after treatment. After treatment, rats were sacrificed at each time point to collect the blood sample and measure the content of IL-6 by using enzymne-immunoassay method.

RESULTSCompared with the blank group, the foot swelling in the model group was obviously increased (P<0. 05); the IL-6 maintained circadian rhythm (P<0. 05), but the peak phase had a backward trend, famplitude had an increased trend and the median was significantly lifted (P<0. 05). Compared with model group, !the foot swelling in the moxibustion group was obviously decreased (P<0. 05); the IL-6 maintained circadian. rhythm (P<0. 05), and the peak phase had a forward trend, amplitude had a decreased trend and the median was significantly reduced (P<0. 05). Compared with the moxibustion group, the foot swelling in the operation--moxibustion group was obviously increased (P < 0.05); the IL-6 maintained circadian rhythm (P < 0.5), but the peak phase moved forwrd, and the median was significantly elevated (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe IL-6 in plasma maintains significant pathological circadian rhythm in RA rats; with the complete hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, moxibustion is likely to regulate the circadian rhythm of IL-6 to play an important role of anti-inflammatory effect in RA rats.

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Circadian Rhythm ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothalamus ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Male ; Moxibustion ; Pituitary-Adrenal System ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors

Objective To compare the short-term efficacy of conbercept and ranibizumab for macular edema in central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO)and explore the relationship between the integrity of ellipsoidal zone and visual acuity.Methods Forty-four eyes of 44 patients with macular edema in CRVO were enrolled into this retrospective and comparative study.There were 15 eyes of 15 males,29 eyes of 29 females;age ranged from 49-61 years old,with an average age of (54.65±3.10) years.All patients were examined with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA),intraocular pressure (IOP),slit lamp,fundus photograph,fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA),optical coherence tomography(OCT).BCVA were examined with interactional visual chart and recorded with logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution acuity.Twenty-three eyes were intravitreal injected with conbercept 0.5 mg (group A) and 21 eyes were intravitreal injected with ranibizumab 0.5 mg (group B).There was no statistical difference of age (t =-1.41),gender (x2 =0.55),the percentage of hypertension patients (x2 =0.27),average BCVA (t =-2.06),IOP (t=-2.52),central macular thickness (CMT) (t=-1.96),number of different integrity of ellipsoidal zone patients (x2 =1.00) and number of different types of macular edema patients (x2 =1.03)among the two groups (P＞0.05).The change in BCV.A.and CMT at 3,6 months between the two groups were compared.The relationship between BCVA at 6 months and BCVA,CMT at baseline were explored.The relationship between three groups of ellipsoidal zone and BCVA at baseline were evaluated.The change of BCVA after treatment between the three groups of ellipsoidal zone were Compared.The number of intravitreal injections between two groups was compared.Results During the 3,6 months after treatment,the mean BCVA were all improved with statistically difference in group A 0=5.13,7.39;P＜0.05) and group B (t=6.60,11.52;P＜0.05).There was no significant difference of BCVA at 3,6 moths between group A and group B (t=-0.99,-0.40;P＞0.05).During the 3,6 months after treatment,the mean CMT were all decreased with statistically difference in group A (t=11.58,i5.96;P＜0.05) and group B (t=18.77,35.16;P＜0.05).There was no significant difference of CMT at 3,6 months between group A and group B (t=-1.52,-1.63;P＞0.05).In both groups,BCVA at 6 months was related to BCVA at baseline (r=0.44,0.62;P＜0.05),but not related to CMT at baseline (r=0.19,0.01;P＞0.05).In the two groups,BCVA at baseline was related to the integrity of ellipsoidal zone (r=0.97,0.70;P＜0.05).There was statistical difference of the number of intravitreal injections in the two groups (t =-6.88,P＜0.05).There was no systemic or ocular serious side effects during the follow up.Conclusions Comparing to ranibizumab,conbercept has the same effective to the treatment of macular edema in CRVO,but the number of intravitreal injections is less.The integrity of ellipsoidal zone is related to BCVA.