Objective To study morphological structural changes for different segment umbilical vessels of fetus in patients with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) ,and explore relationship between PIH and umbilical vessels .Methods Totally 36 umbilical cords from fetus of pregnant women without and with PIH (17 cases ,19 controls) were collected ,and take umbilical cord of placen‐tal ,middle ,and fetal segment to routine dehydration ,embedding ,section and stain .In the cases 9 women had mild preeclampsia ,6 had severe preeclampsia and 4 had eclampsia .Microscope images were obtained by digital microscope ,and lumen diameter ,wall thickness and wall‐luminal ratio of different segment umbilical vein and arteries were tested by computer image analysis software . The test results were analyzed and compared .Results From the placental end to the fetal end ,the lumen diameter and wall‐luminal ratio gradually decreased ,and wall thickness gradually increased in the umbilical vein and arteries (P<0 .05) .Compared to normal pregnant women ,the lumen diameter and wall‐luminal ratio decreased ,and wall thickness increased in patients with PIH ,and the a‐bove changes aggravated by disease severity (P<0 .05) .Conclusion PIH is associated with structural changes in the umbilical ves‐sels .These changes are more predominant in the vein than in the artery and most obvious in the fetal end .

The tissue chip is a special tissue section,which has several tens to thousands mini tissues of regular arrangement on the one glass slide.According to the deficiencies in experimental teaching section of morphology at present,the author introduced the characteristics and values of the tissue chip and explored its application prospect in experimental teaching of morphology.

Objective To assess the value of color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) in indicating the recurrence and prognosis of liver cancer.Methods Two hundred and eighty-seven patients with primary liver cancer were enrolled,thirty-seven cases received operations ( 12.9% ).The size,profile,margin,echogen,blood supply of the tumors were observed preoperatively by CDFI. Twenty-eight patients were followed for 0.5 to 5 years.Results Recurrent nodules were seen in 24 cases (85.7%) during five years.Lesions larger than 5 cm recurred much earlier than those less than 5 cm in the diameter of the patients( P

Objective To study the changes in echocardiography in normotensive patients with type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in order to establish early diagnosis and give preventive measures for diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods Microvasculopathy was diagnosed in T2DM patients when microalbuminuria exceeded 15ml/min. Fifty-four T2DM patients were divided into two groups: group A (patients without microvasculopathy, n=32 ), group B (patients with microvasculopathy, n=22). All of T2DM were submitted to echocardiography and the results were compared with healthy people of matched sex and age (group C, n=20). Results There were no differences in systolic function parameters among the groups. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was higher in two groups of diabetics compared with group C. Diastolic dysfunction of various degrees was found in the two groups of diabetics, regardless of the presence of microvasculopathy, with a manifestation of a decrease of blood flow velocity in early diastolic phase and increase in late diastolic phase (P

Objective: To study the method of setting up,practicability and the cardiovascular physiological mechanism of slippery pulse model caused by alcohol.Methods: ①Scanned the heart and radial artery(cunkou) by the Magnetom Avanto 1.5T and record the pressure wave of radial artery by NX-6 Pulse Diagnosis Equipment after the subjects had gotten 100ml of distillate spirit of 61 degree and defined as the slippery pulse.②Record the pressure wave of carotid artery of rabbits defined as the slippery pulse after intragastric administration of distillate spirit of 40 degree 8ml per kilogram by NX-3 Pulse Diagnosis Equipment.Results: ①Slippery pulse model of human subjects: the stroke volume(SV),cardiac output(CO),cardiac index(CI),ejection fraction(EF) and the peak velocity of the blood flow increased;the end-diastole volume(EDV) and end-systole(ESV) decreased;the periph blood vessel distended and the amplitude of the offset of the axis stepped up;the characteristics of the pulse wave of cunkou were consistent with the characteristics of typical slippery pulse wave.②The characteristics of the pulse wave of slippery pulse model of rabbits were coincident with that of human subjects.Conclusion: The method of setting up slippery pulse model with alcohol is consistent with the mechanism of slippery pulse in the theory of traditional Chinese medicine and is practicable.

Acupuncture was frequently used for alternative treatments in Parkinson's disease because of its safety,but there was an argument whether acupuncture improves motor symptoms or not.Besides,few electrophysiological studies were designed for acupuncture combined with Parkinson's disease Using the technique of paired transcranial pulse magnetic stimulation,we measured the excitability of corticocortical inhibitory circuits to investigate effects of scalp acupuncture from 9 patients with Parkinson's disease.Although patients didn't take any short-term benefit in motor symptoms through the treatment of scalp acupuncture,there was no any adverse event,and some electrophysical effects developed in patients.The enhanced corticocortical inhibition on motor cortex possibly developed at longer interstimulus intervals,and there was a relatively increase in later part of motor-related cortical potentials on the central part and right-side near vertex around over sensory cortex,but was not significant in early potentials.So a further long-term study is essential to ascertain the physical mechanism and clinical effects in scalp acupuncture.

This study was aimed to investigate short-term modulation mechanism of scalp acupuncture according to the experimentation of cortical excitability and motor-related cortical potentials in ten normal volunteers.Through scalp needle stimulation in specific theoretical areas related to underlying cerebral surfaces,scalp acupuncture can be used as an effective therapy by changes in relative cerebral function,which is the basic principle.According to the available neurophysiological data in our study,the modulation of scalp acupuncture displayed in late part of motor-related cortical potential noticed mainly in the motor and sensory cortexes,contralateral to the needle stimulate site.Also,acupuncture can develop inhibition at longer interstimulus intervals,in paired pulse magnetic stimulation,from the somatosensory input of contralateral sensory cortex via scalp needle stimulation.In our study,it might be difficult to produce more acupuncture inhibition.The maintaining of scalp needles subcutaneously without other management after achieving needling sensations cannot achieve the requested strength of the acupuncture stimulation.

Objective To investigate the value of echocardiography in the diagnosis of interrupted aortic arch (IAA). Methods Forty-three children that diagnosed as IAA by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) were reviewed. The results of CTA (CT Angiography) and operation also were compared. Results Among the 43 children, 41 was admitted as IAA by operation and 2 were diagnosed as coarctation of aorta. According to the type of IAA, 25 cases were diagnosed as type A, 13 cases were diagnosed as type B, 3 cases were diagnosed as type C. Thirty-ifve cases were diagnosed by TTE correctly, 3 cases were misdiagnosed by TTE, 4 cases were suspected as IAA by TTE and ifnally conifrmed by operation. The accuracy rate was 81%(35/43). Among the 35 deifnite diagnosed cases, corrected typing cases were 30, the accuracy rate was 86%(30/35). The accuracy rate of type A, B, C were 96%(23/24), 64%(7/11) and 0. According to the results of CTA, 40 cases were diagnosed correctly, 1 case was misdiagnosed. The accuracy rate was 98%(40/41). Among the deifnite diagnosed cases, corrected typing rate was the same with operation result. Conclusions TTE is the ifrst choice for the detection of IAA. During TTE, in case the indistinct display of aortic arch, CTA should be used to improve the accuracy rate of IAA.

Objective To compare the value of color Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta (COA) in comparison with CT angiography (CTA). Methods Ninety-two patients with COA were retrospectively analyzed that were confirmed by surgery from January 2009 to September 2013 and diagnosed by color Doppler echocardiography and CTA. Results Among 92 COA patients conifrmed by surgery, 87 patients were diagnosed correctly by echocardiography while 91 patients were diagnosed by CTA, and the accuracy of echocardiography and CTA were 95%(87/92) and 99%(91/92), respectively without significant difference (χ2=1.550, P=0.213). According to surgical findings, there were 222 anatomic abnormalities including 110 intra-cardiac, 13 heart-vessel connection and 99 vessel abnormalities. For 110 intra-cardiac abnormalities, echocardiography detected all abnormalities while CTA found 92 with 18 missed including 11 valve or valve ring lesions, 3 patent foramen ovale, 2 atrial septal defect, 1 ventricular septal defect and 1 endocardial cushion defect. The accuracy of echocardiography for intra-cardiac abnormalities was signiifcantly higher than that of CTA (100%, 110/110 vs 84%, 92/110,χ2=18.801, P=0.000). CTA and echocardiography detected all abnormalities of heart-vessel connection. For 99 vessel abnormalities, CTA showed an accuracy of 98%(97/99) with 2 missed lesions including 1 collateral circulation between the aorta and the pulmonary artery and 1 membranous narrow of the aorta, while echocardiography misdiagnosed 1 COA as interruption of aortic arch and missed 15 lesions, including 4 COA, 3 collateral arteries, 2 patent ductus arteriosus, 2 aberrant right subclavian artery, 2 brachiocephalic vein abnormality, 1 partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage and 1 persistent left superior vena cava. The accuracy of CTA for detection of vessel abnormalities was signiifcantly higher than that of echocardiography (98%, 97/99 vs 84%, 83/99,χ2=11.350, P=0.000). Conclusions Both CTA and echocardiography are effective diagnostic modalities for COA and CTA is superior to echocardiography for detecting vessel anomalies whereas echocardiography is superior to CTA for detecting intra-cardiac abnormalities. The combination of both modalities will provide more accurate information for clinical diagnosis.

Objective To explore an effective evaluation method for students' self-and peer-assess-ment. Methods The students of 6 groups participating in extracurricular teaching activities were selected as research subject. Traditional method (final score = mean score of group/2 + teacher's score/2) and mean difference method [final score=teacher's score-(mean difference of group-mean difference of all groups)] were used to calculate final score of each group, and effect of two methods were compared. Results Scores of most groups were higher than the teacher's scores, and high scores were given by group 3 in self- and peer-assessment. The final score of all groups were higher than teacher's scores in traditional method. Compared with teacher's scores, final scores increased significantly in group 1, 4, 5 below mean difference, final score decreased significantly in group 2, 3 above mean difference, and final score did not differ in group 6 equal to mean difference in mean difference method. Conclusion The mean difference method can reflect the effect of student's self- and peer-assessment, and guide student to make objective and accurate evaluation. It is a more reasonable and scientific evaluation method for self-and peer-assessment.