OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics of pharmaceutical care for critical patients with multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumanni infection.METHODS:Retrospective analysis was applied to analyze the distribution of pathogenic bacteria,drug resistance,therapeutic results and pharmaceutical care in 36 critical patients with multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumanni infection.RESULTS:Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii had severe drug resistance to antibiotics.It is difficult for critical patients to treat Acinetobacter baumannii infection after infection.CONCLUSION:Clinical pharmacist should be engage in clinical practice,give full play to their clinical expertise and enhance pharmaceutical care.It is very important for prevention of multi-drug resistant strains and appropriate use of drugs that clinical pharmacist be involved in formulating therapeutic regimes for multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection and strengthen pharmaceutical care.

Objective To detect the genetic diversity and prevalent strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Tibetan patients in Tibet and to analyze factors associated with prevalent strains.Methods A total of 577 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were genotyped by spacen oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping) and the results were analyzed with BioNumerics software (Version 5.0) and compared with the international spoligotype database of SITVIT2.Results Among the 577 cases of Tibet patients,329 were male and 248 were female.Based on spoligotyping,23 different spoligotypes were identified among 577 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates,with a genetic diversity of 3.99 ％.The majority (97.57％,563/577) of the isolates belonged to four known families,such as Beijing family,T family,CAS family and MANU2 family.The remaining 14 isolates had 11 novel spoligotypes.522 (90.47％)isolates belonging to Beijing family presented with 7 spoligotypes,resulting in the genetic diversity of Beijing family of 1.34％.With high similarity,Beijing family strains could be clustered into one genotype;among non-Beijing family strains,strains belonging to T family and MANU2 family were similar and could be clustered into one genotype.Changdu had the highest prevalence (97.83％) of Beijng family strains.In this study,the occurrence of Beijing family strains was not associated with age,sex,bacillus CalmetteGuerin vaccination or treatment history (P=1.00,0.36,0.83 and 1.00,respectively).Conclusions In this study,the genetic diversity of Tibetan Mycobacterium tuberculosis is low and Beijing family strains are highly prevent in Tibet,by classical spoligotyping.

Objective: To evaluate the nutritional markers in peritoneal dialysis patients. Methods: We examined SGA, dietary diaries, direct anthropometry, biochemical indices in 90 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Then, the normalized protein equivalent of total nitrogen appearance (nPNA), lean body mass (LBM) and %LBM were calculated. Results: These patients were classified to three nutritional categories based on SGA (i.e. normal nutrition, mild to moderate malnutrition, severe malnutrition). The dietary protein intake(DPI), dietary energy intake(DEI), serum albumin(Alb), nPNA, LBM and %LBM were significantly different among three groups (P

Objective To identify the relationship among chronic inflammatory state, malnutrition and cardiovascular diseases in peritoneal dialysis patients. Methods Cardiovascular diseases and dialysis regime in 90 clinically stable continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients were investigated. Then, dietary energy intake (DEI) and protein intake (DPI) through dietary diaries were measured. The serum albumin (Alb), prealbumin(PA), transferring (TF), lean body mass (LBM), LBM% and the normalized protein equivalent of total nitrogen appearance (nPNA) were examined or calculated. Subjective global assessment (SGA) was also evaluated. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrotic factor-?(TNF-?) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured as markers of chronic inflammation. Serum leptin and plasma NPY were detected too. Results Serum IL-6 and TNF-? levels of CAPD cases were (17. 17?27.72) pg/ml and (34. 21?25. 92) pg/ml, which were significantly higher as compared to control group. Serum CRP level in CAPD patients was (9. 88?20. 93)mg/L. There were 24 patients(26. 67% ) with CRP above normal level. 55 patients(61. 11% ) had cardiovascular diseases. The patients with angina pectoris, old myocardial infarction and chronic heart failure had higher CRP levels than those without above complications ( P

OBJECTIVE: To develope a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic(RP-HPLC) method for the determination of allitridum in human serum.METHODS: The serum sample was injected after being deproteinized with trichloroaceticacid and being extracted with hexane.A Phenomenex C1s was used as the stationary phase and the solution being composed of acetonitrile- 1%HAc(62: 38,V/V)as the mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min .The serum samples were monitored at 240nm.RESULTS: The peak area of allitridum against allitridum concentration was linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.9 977 over the range of 0.29～12.4 μg/ml, the limitation of detection was 0.18 μg/ml.The average recovery was (99.2 ± 6.6) %, within - day RSD＜ 5.5% (n = 5), between - day RSD＜ 5.8% (n = 5) .CONCLUSIONS: This method is rapid, accurate and sensitive,it is very suitable for the investigation on clinical pharmacokinetics of allitridum.

Objective:To improve the logistics management automation in hospital drugstore using internet drug supply chain coor-dination platform. Methods: According to the correspondent relationship between drug information and drug bar code, drug accept-ance, accurate location and batch input were achieved using bar code technique. Results: The platform could not only enhance the efficiency but also ensure the accuracy of drug information input. Conclusion:The platform provides a practical solution for developing modern pharmaceutical logistics and improving the efficiency of pharmaceutical distribution.

Objective To determine mitochondria-associated signaling pathway on cell apoptosis in Leptospira interrogans infected murine mononuclear-macrophages. Methods A cell apoptotic model of L. interrogan serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae strain Lai inducing apoptosis of murine mononuclear-macrophage line (J774A. 1) was established. Pathological changes of mitochondria in the infected cells were observed under transmission electron microscope. Mitochondrial potential and reactive oxygen species(ROS) levels in the infected cells were detected using JC-1 staining method and DCFH-DA fluorescent probe, respectively,and caspase-8/-9 activities in the infected cells were measured using commercial kits. and the apoptosis block effects of caspase inhibitors were determined by flow cytometry. Apoptosis in the infected cells and ap-optosis-blocking effect by caspase inhibitors were detected by flow cytometry. Western blot assay was adopted to examine the levels of cytochrome C (CytC) , AIF, EndoG and Smae in the mitochondria and cytoplasm.The transposition of either AIF or EndoG from the cytoplasm into cell nucleus was determined by immunoflu-orescence staining test. Results L. interrogans strain Lai could induce J774A. 1 cell apoptoais. In the in-fected cells, visible mitochondrial injury, declined mitochondrial membrane potential and elevated ROS level were presented. The activity of caspase-8 but not of caspase-9 was significantly increased. The caspase in-hihitors could not completely block the cell apoptosis. Both the AIF and EndoG was released from the mito-chondria and subsequently transferred from the cytoplasm into the nucleus in the infected cells. However,elevation of CytC level and Smac release in cytoplasm of the infected cells could not be found. Conclusion L.interrogans can induce apoptosis in the infected mononuclear-macrophage via AIF and EndoG belonging to caspase-independent pathway.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the main factors of abnormal umbilical blood flow in different stage after 24 weeks' gestation,and to evaluate its treatment outcomes.Methods 256 cases with abnormal umbilical blood flow were selected.The abnormality happened in different stages after 24 weeks' gestation and they were inspected and treated routinely.Latency factors of the different stage were analyzed to discover the primary reason,and the treatment outcomes were compared.Results The significant differences of constructional proportion were observed in different stage(x2 =25.60,P ＜ 0.05).The influence factors of different stages were as following:hypertension relative disease (33.33 ％) between 24 and 27 weeks' gestation,the umbilical cord factor (16.67 ％) ; the incidence rate of abnormal umbilical blood was 42％ between 28 and 36 weeks' gestation,including hypertension disease(28.70％),the umbilical cord factor(15.74％) ;umbilical cord (31.37％) between 37 and 40 weeks' gestation,although gestation period hypertension disease reduced,but still accounted for 22.54％,the placenta factor was 12.74％.After treatment,the cure rate had significant differences (x2 =11.16,P ＜0.01),89.58％ (24-27 week),80.55％ (28-36 week),69.60％ (37-40 week).Conclusion The hypertension relative diseases and abnormal cord are the primary factors which caused abnormal umbilical blood,24-37 gestation week is the key stage for the inspection and treatment,especially for the hypertension relative diseases.

Objective To investigate the association between a 894 G→T mutation at exon 7 of eNOS gene and diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus of northern chinese Methods A case control study for 228 chinese subjects (including 143 type 2 diabetes mellitus with or without nephropathy and 85 normal control)was performed The number of the 894 G→T mutation alleles were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR RFLP) method combined by DNA sequencing Results The frequency of the T allele and TG genotype at exon 7 were significantly higher in DN+ group than in DN group and control subjects(P

Objective To examine the time patterns and seasonality of death of hospitalized elderly patients and to propose proactive management measures.Methods Data were collected on 449 patients aged 60 years and over who had died between August of 2009 to August of 2013 during hospitalization at the Department of Geriatrics,Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical University.The seasonality and time patterns of the patients' deaths were analyzed retrospectively.Results Pulmonary infections(175 cases,38.97％)and malignant tumors(162 cases,36.08％)were the leading causes of death.Deaths from pulmonary infections were more frequent in spring and summer while deaths caused by malignant tumors were more frequent in summer,but the differences were not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05).The peak times of death in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease were between 23:00 pm to 7:00 am (x2 =11.10 and 14.19,respectively,P＜0.05).Conclusions Pulmonary infections and malignant tumors are the main causes of death in elderly inpatients,which most often occurs during the latter half of the night in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.