Objective To explore the clinical effect of minimally invasive puncture combined urokinase treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorage.Methods As a retrospective study,90 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorage were treated,they were divided into the observation group and control group,each group had 45 cases.The control group was given traditional surgical operation treatment,the observation group was given YL -1 type of disposable needle with urokinase treatment.The data of operation time,hematoma clearance time,ratio of rehaemorrhagia,hospitalization time and clinical effect in the two groups were analyzed by the software of SPSS 21.0.Results The operation time(χ2 =17.507,P =0.000),hematoma clearance time(χ2 =44.272,P =0.000)and hospitalization time(χ2 =10.601,P =0.000)in the observation group were significantly shorter than those of the control group,the difference was statistically significant.The ratios of rehaemorrhagia in the observation group and the control group,were no statistically significant(χ2 =0.385,P =0.535).The excellent and good ratio was 60.0% in the observation group,significantly higher than the 28.9% in the control group,the difference was statistically signifi-cant (χ2 =8.820,P =0.003).Conclusion The clinical effect of minimally invasive puncture combined urokinase treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorage is better than the traditional surgical operation treatment.

Hospital information management has penetrated into each aspect of hospital management.We discussed briefly the role of the hospital information system in medical records management in Chinese medicine hospital on information sharing,data statistics and convenience of case consulting and management,which improved greatly the efficiency of medical records management.

Objective:To observe the factors of adverse drug reactions in the nervous system.Methods:197 cases of adverse drug events in the nervous system were collected and analyzed in our hospital from January,2007 to December, 2008.Results:In the 197 cases,80 patients(about 40.61%) were above 60 years old,and 149 patients(about 75.63%) were medicated by i.v.183 cases belonged to the scope of ADRs,and the other 14 cases,to ADEs.The main drugs were anti -bacterials which caused ADR/ADE of the nervous system,and the second were traditional Chinese drug preparations. Conclusion:The ADRs in the neurological system were involved in many kinds of drugs,and had many clinical manifestations. The clinicians should pay attention to them.

PKC plays a pivotal role in the mechanism of myocardial preconditioning. After preconditioning, PKC is activated and translocated to membranes and cytoskeleton structures by multiple endogenous substances such as adenosine, calcium, etc. Recent studies imply that MAPK carries the signal from PKC to the mitochondria K ATP channel and thus protect the heart.

Oxygen sensitive potassium channels can sense the change of oxygen pressure and mediate modifications in cell excitability,contractivity and secretory activity. Several oxygen sensitive K + channels subunits have been identified: Kv 1 2, Kv 1 4, Kv 1 5, Kv 2 1, Kv 3 1 b, Kv 3 3, Kv 3 4, Kv 4 2, Kv 4 3, Kv 9 3, K ATP , K Ca , TASK 1 and hTASK3. There are three mechanisms about the oxygen sensitivity of potassium channels. The subtypes and mechanisms of oxygen sensitive potassium channels variy from different cells and species. Discovery of the subunits of the oxygen sensitive potassium channels and their mechanisms might help to develop understanding and treatment of ischemic disorders, such as stroke, myocardial infarction, pulmonary hypertention as well as reperfusion injury.

Objective To study the application effects of from-bottom-to-up objective management model in nursing quality control.Methods Eight surgical departments in our hospitals were selected as research objects.Traditional objective management model was applied in the control group (8 004 cases,9 453 visiting times) from June 2012 to June 2013.From-bottom-to-up objective management model was applied in the experimental group (8169 cases,9 603 visiting times) from July 2013 to July 2014.Nursing work quality and continuous improvement projects were compared between two groups by questionnaire survey,a return visit by telephone and statistical evaluation.Results The satisfaction of patients with nurses' service attitudes and professional technology level and the awareness of patients about major nurses in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group [95.56％ (7 806/8 169),95.19％ (7 776/8 169),97.17％ (7 938/8 169) vs.93.22％ (7 461/8 004),92.62％ (7 413/8 004),84.60％ (6 771/8 004),allP＜0.01].Patient complaints and the incidence of nursing adverse events in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (46,16 cases vs.85,39 cases,x2=9.783,P＜0.01).Conclusions Applying from-bottom-to-up objective management model could cultivate self-control abilities and innovation awareness of nurses,which can improve nursing work quality.

OBJECTIVE:To understand the teaching effect of cooperative training model between colleges and hospitals,and provide reference for the teaching effect of clinical pharmacy. METHODS:Questionnaire survey was conducted on 87 clinical phar-macy students that joint trained by our hospital and Chongqing Medical University. The questionnaire included the students’opin-ions on teachers,teaching materials,teaching methods and suggestions for teaching improvement,all the questionnaires were col-lected and analyzed. RESULTS:There were totally 87 effective question naires with effective rate of 100%. 94.25% of students showed overall satisfaction in cooperative training model between colleges and hospitals,however,5 students thought distribution of the theoretical study time and the traine time still exist some problems;57.48% of students considered the textbook was not suit-able to use and they made recommendations;25.29% of students thought that clinicians responsible for teaching was not appropri-ate,the main reason was clinicians were not clear enough for drug teaching. CONCLUSIONS:Compared with traditional teaching model,the clinical pharmacist training model of cooperation between college and hospital has certain advantages,but some prob-lems still exist in the teachers,textbooks and curriculum arrangements,which need to be further improved.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics and regularities of adverse drug reactions(ADR) induced by anti-infective drugs in our hospital.METHODS:657 ADR cases induced by anti-infective drugs collected by the ADR monitoring center in our hospital in 2006 were classified and analyzed.RESULTS:13 categories(49 kinds) of anti-infective drugs were involved in the total 657 ADR cases.Of which,those patients aged above 60 years accounted for 30.14%.The ADR were chiefly induced by quinolones,followed by cephalosporins and penicillins etc,which chiefly manifested as lesion of skin and its accessories(53.12%),followed by the lesions of digestive system and nervous system etc.CONCLUSION:Multiple factors contributed to the ADR,to which great importance should be attached so as to reduce the incidence of ADR induced by anti-infectives.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability between domestic(test)and imported(reference)citalopram hydrobromide tablets and to evaluate the bioequivalence of the two preparations.METHODS:A single dose of 40 mg test tablet or reference tablet of citalopram hydrobromide was administered by randomized crossover way in 20 healthy male volunteers and the plasma concentrations of the citalopram hydrobromide were determined by HPLC.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with 3p97 pharmacokinetic program and the bioavailability was evaluated.RESULTS:The concentration-time curves of two preparations fitted two compartment mode1.The pharmacokinetic parameters of the test preparation versus the reference preparation were as follows,Cmax:(147.00?86.04)ng?mL-1 vs.(154.13?87.57)ng?mL-1;tmax:(4.55?1.35)h vs(4.75?1.65)h;AUC0～196:(6 590.69 ? 1 866.00)ng?h?mL-1 vs.(7 156.26?2 181.18)ng?h?mL-1;AUC0～∞:(7 767.56?2 193.92)ng?h?mL-1 vs.(8 433.45?2 631.88)ng?h?mL-1.The relative bioavailability of the test citalopram hydrobromide tablet was(92.10?18.68)%.CONCLUSION:The domestic and the reference citalopram hydrobromide tablet are bioequivalent.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the bioequivalence between two kinds of Simvastain Tablets.METHODS: A single dose of 40mg of domestic Simvastain Tablets(test preparation) and imported Simvastain Tablets(reference preparation) was administered by randomized crossover way in 20 healthy volunteers with plasma concentrations of simvastain determined by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with 3p97 pharmacokinetic program and the bioavailability was evaluated.RESULTS: The concentration-time curve of two preparations fitted one compartment model.The pharmacokinetic parameters of the test preparation vs.the reference preparation were as follows: Cmax:(13.23?4.41) ng?mL-1 vs.(12.68?4.43) ng?mL-1;tmax:(1.64?1.20) h vs.(1.54?1.28) h;AUC0～12:(47.48?22.96)vs.(44.49?18.47) ng?h?mL-1;AUC0～∞:(50.87?24.06) ng?h?mL-1 vs.(47.11?19.54) ng?h?mL-1.The relative bioavailability of the test simvastain tablets was(106.72?15.20)%.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that two preparations are bioequivalent.