OBJECTIVE:To understand the teaching effect of cooperative training model between colleges and hospitals,and provide reference for the teaching effect of clinical pharmacy. METHODS:Questionnaire survey was conducted on 87 clinical phar-macy students that joint trained by our hospital and Chongqing Medical University. The questionnaire included the students’opin-ions on teachers,teaching materials,teaching methods and suggestions for teaching improvement,all the questionnaires were col-lected and analyzed. RESULTS:There were totally 87 effective question naires with effective rate of 100%. 94.25% of students showed overall satisfaction in cooperative training model between colleges and hospitals,however,5 students thought distribution of the theoretical study time and the traine time still exist some problems;57.48% of students considered the textbook was not suit-able to use and they made recommendations;25.29% of students thought that clinicians responsible for teaching was not appropri-ate,the main reason was clinicians were not clear enough for drug teaching. CONCLUSIONS:Compared with traditional teaching model,the clinical pharmacist training model of cooperation between college and hospital has certain advantages,but some prob-lems still exist in the teachers,textbooks and curriculum arrangements,which need to be further improved.

Objective To evaluate the factors influencing prognosis and to explore the pathological mechanism in which herpes simplex virus encephalitis(HSE) was one of the severe types of acute viral encephalitis in children and had poor prognosis.Methods Twenty-one children with HSE were diagnosed by the clinical syndrome of focal encephalitis and HSV DNA-PCR positive in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) from Jan.2012 to Oct.2013,among whom,19 patients were treated with intravenous Acyclovir,30 mg/(kg · d) 48 hours after onset and were followed up for 6 to 24 months.Clinical data were collected including Glasgow Coma Score,the brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and electroencephalography(EEG).All MRI examinations including plain scan and contrast enhancement were carried out at the beginning of admission and 1 month after the onset of symptoms.The clinical outcomes were divided into two levels accoming to the severity of the neurological deficit,then the data were analyzed by using Logistic regression and Fisher's exact probability method.The OR value was calculated.Results Eighteen children survived,of whom 5 cases had no neurological deficit(27.8％),3 cases were left with mild impairment(16.7％),and the above 8 cases were thought to have better outcome.Six cases had moderate impairment (33.3％) and 4 cases had severe impairment(22.2％) and 1 child died,and these 11 cases were thought to have worse outcome.Patients aged between 1 month and 10 years,average (2.03 ± 2.23) years old.The mean GCS score was (9.68 ± 2.65) scores,the GCS of the patients were more than 7except for one death child with 3 scores.The multiple factor analysis showed that EEG,age,GCS and the range and character in MRI were significantly correlative to the prognosis(P ＜ 0.05).The single factor analysis illustrated that age 1-4 years old(OR =30,95％ CI 2.066-366.510,P =0.002),GCS ≤ 10 scores(OR =27.518,95％ C1 2.066-366.510,P =0.004)and the wide necrosis existence involving diffuse white matter or deep nuclei of MRI findings (OR =12,95 ％ CI 1.294-111.323,P =0.017) indicated the worse outcome.Conclusions Age,GCS score,nature and damage degree of MRI lesions are the main important factors affecting the prognosis of children's HSE.HSE in children is apt to involve the cortex such as frontal lobe,parietal lobe even diffuse white matter or deep nuclei,which indicates the poor prognosis.

BACKGROUND:Animal modeling has reported that psychological stress can lead temporomandibular joint disease in rats, and there wil be pathological changes.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of psychological stress on the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-β1 in rat temporomandibular joint condylar chondrocytes
METHODS:Forty-eight adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group, 6 rats in the experimental group and 12 rats in the control group. Thirty-six Wister male adult rats in the experimental group were subjected to the fol owing stimulating factors, such as electroshock, keeping stil ness, climate change and food tempting in order to make them under psychological stress. Then, the experimental group rats were executed at 3 weeks after stimulation (3 weeks stimulation group), 6 weeks after stimulation (6 weeks stimulation group) and 6 weeks normal feeding after 6 week stimulation (recovery group), 12 rats were sacrificed at each time point. The 12 rats in the control group were executed at the same time as the last experimental group. The temporomandibular joint specimens were taken to produce slices.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The vascular endothelial growth factor-positive rate of recovery group was significantly larger than that of the 3 weeks stimulation group and the control group (P<0.05);transforming growth factor-β1 positive rate in the 6 weeks stimulation group was significantly greater than that in the control group (P<0.05). It indicated that vascular endothelial growth factor was related with the new blood capil aries repairing tissue, and transforming growth factor-β1 might play a role that stimulates bone resorption in psychological stress.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in preoperative TNM staging of gastric cancer.Methods EUS and abdominal helical computed tomography (HCT) were performed one week before the surgery in 126 gastric cancer patients who would receive surgery to determine the depth of tumor invasion (T),lymph node metastasis (N) and distant metastasis (M) stage and which were also compared with pathologic TNM stage after surgery to evaluate the accuracy of EUS in TNM staging.Pairing x2 test was performed for data analysis.Results Compared with pathologic TNM stage after surgery,the accuracy of EUS in T1,T2,T3 and T4 staging of gastric cancer were 84.6％,14/18,82.0 ％ and 85.7％ respectively.The accuracy of EUSin N0,N1,N2 and N3 staging of gastric cancer were 74.2％,75.0％,57.9％ and 5/17 respectively.The accuracy of HCT in N0,N1,N2 and N3 staging of gastric cancer were 80.6％,75.0％,73.7％ and 12/17 respectively.The accuracy of EUS was similar to HCT in N0 and N1 stage.For N2 and N3 stage,HCT was obviously better than EUS (x2 =4.89,P=0.027; x2 =13.88,P＜0.01).The accuracy of EUS and HCT in M1 stage of gastric cancer were 36.4％ and 95.5％respectively,HCT was better than EUS in M1 determination (x2 =7.90,P=0.001).Conclusions The clinical application value of EUS in the preoperative gastric cancer T staging was high,however the accuracy in determining lymph node metastasis N2 and N3 staging and distant metastasis M staging should be improved.In order to acquire more accurate preoperative TNM stage to guide the treatment selection,the combination with HCT examination is necessary.

Objective Explore the effects of cancer patients when using BLIT and psychological treatment. Methods Divided the 220 patients into two groups randomly: BLIT+ psychological treatment group and the non-BLIT+ psychological treatment group. All the subjects have accepted the routine anti-cancer therapy. Observe the index of cancer pain, hemogram and the livability. Results (1) The rate of occur leucopenia in these two groups is 30.00% and 63.64% respectively, P

We detected the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii) in the wild birds in northeast China.The wild bird's blood was collected from the cutaneous ulnar vein and the serum was isolated and used for detection of anti T.gondii antibody by modified agglutination test (MAT).Results showed that totally 179 birds' serum samples were collected.Twenty serum samples (11.17％) were positive with T.gondii antibody,which belonged to 9 orders,17 families and 31 species.The seroprevalence against T.gondii was about 5.26％ (1/19) in Columbiformes,9.09％ (9/99) in Passeriformes,14.29％ (3/21) in Falconiformes,15.00％ (5/22) in Piciformes,16.67％ (1/6) in Coraciiformes,and 25.00％ (1/4) in Anseriformes.Based on their feeding behavior,the seroprevalence was 12.00％ (3/25) in carnivorous wild birds,10.60％ (15/141) in omnivorous wild birds,and 15.38％ (2/13) in the wild birds feeding on aquatic animals or plants.These wild birds also can be sorted as migratory and sedentary (non-migratory) according to their migration habits,and the serum positivity was 11.67％ (14/120),and 10.71％ (6/59) respectively.The seroprevalence against Toxoplasma gondii in wild birds in northeast China is about 11.17％,which indicates a common infection of Toxoplasma gondii in wild birds.

Abstract Survival analysis has been widely used in the field of medical research. The Cox proportional hazard model is commonly used, but its practical application is limited. Machine learning method can compensate for the shortcomings of the Cox proportional hazard model in terms of nonlinear data processing and prediction accuracy. This article reviewed the advance of machine learning methods represented by neural networks, within the field of survival analysis, and highlighted the principles and benefits of three machine learning methods that DeepSurv, Deep-Hit and random survival forest, providing methodological insights for the analysis of complex survival data.

Objective To explore the role of nuclear translational factor homeobox A13(HOXA13)gene in epithelial - to - mesenchymal transition(EMT)induced by human serum albumin(HSA)overload in human renal tu-bular epithelial(HKC)cells. Methods HKC cells were treated with different concentrations of HSA(ranging from 0 - 30 g/ L)for 48 h or 20 g/ L HSA for different times(ranging from 0 - 72 h)in vitro. The protein expressions of cy-tokeratin(CK),Vimentin,and HOXA13 protein in HKC cells were detected by using Western blot respectively. Mean-while,liposome - mediated DNA transfection was used to transfect the HOXA13 gene into HKC cells before HSA treat-ment,and the expressions of CK,Vimentin and HOXA13 protein in HKC cells were also detected by using Western blot. Results (1)The protein expression of CK decreased but Vimentin increased after HKC cells were exposed to HSA,which was in a concentration - and time - dependent manner.(2)Expression of HOXA13 was down - regulated by HSA in a dose - and time - dependent manner,and the expressions of HOXA13 protein in HKC in 5 g/ L,10 g/ L, 20 g/ L,30 g/ L group were 58. 24%(P = 0. 005),44. 73%(P = 0. 003),38. 40%(P = 0. 033)and 24. 83%(P =0. 011)respectively as compared with 0 g/ L group. Likewise,the protein expressions of HOXA13 in 24 h,48 h,72 h group were 52. 00%(P = 0. 023),46. 83%(P = 0. 008)and 35. 10%(P = 0. 034)respectively as compared with 0 h group.(3)There was a positive correlation between the levels of HOXA13 protein expression and CK protein expression (r = 0. 86,P = 0. 005),while the relationship between the levels of HOXA13 protein expression and Vimentin protein expression was negative(r = - 0. 94,P = 0. 002).(4)Up - regulated expression of HOXA13 in HKC cells by lipo-fectamine transfection alleviated the degree of EMT induced by HSA significantly. The expression of Vimentin decreased by 35. 34%(P = 0. 005)while the expression of CK increased 360. 00% - fold(P = 0. 005),compared with that of untransfected HKC cells. Conclusion EMT induced by HSA in HKC cells may play a role through HOXA13.

Objective To investigate the relationship of Vaneomycin serum concentration and drug adverse reactions (ADRs) in neonates.Methods Two hundred and thirteen neonates who were treated by Vancomycin and had their serum concentration monitored were recruited.The number of cases which had liver,kidney and hearing damage after treatment was calculated.The correlation between 3 different serum concentrations (＜5 mg/L,5-10 mg/L,＞ 10 mg/L) and ADRs were analyzed.Results The mean level of Vancomycin in serum was (4.36 ± 4.99) mg/L The total incidence of ADRs was 17.8％ (38/213 cases).The main ADRs were liver damage and hearing impairment,whose incidences were 9.9％ (21/213 cases) and 7.5％ (16/213 cases),respectively,and they were were significantly higher than kidney danage (0.5％,1/213 cases) (x2 =19.172,P =0.000;x2 =13.785,P =0.000).There was no significant difference be-tween the inidence ratio of liver damage and that of the hearing impairment (x2 =0.330,P =0.566).The ADRs ratio among 3 different serum concentrations was 17.0％ (24/141 cases),17.6％ (9/51 cases) and 23.8％ (5/21 cases).There was no significant difference between the ADRs ratios and distribution of different serum concentrations (x2 =0.576,P =0.750).Moreover,the ADRs rates didn't increase along with the serum concentrations (Z =0.648,P =0.517).Except for aspartate transaminase,the indicators of liver and kidney function varied significantly after vancomycin treatment (P ＜0.05).But there was no clinical significance because the mean value was in normal range.By Bivariate Correlation analysis,Vancomyein serum concentration had no significant influence on liver and kidney function (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Neonates treated by Vancomycin had reatively high ratio of the liver damage and the hearing impairment.There is no significant correlation between Vancomyein serum concentration and ADRs in neonates.

To explore the changes in metabolites in the greasy tongue coating in patients with chronic gastritis.