OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of RLIP76 in regulating multi-drug resistance in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and to analyze the relationship between its expression and prognosis.

METHODSThe expressions of RLIP76 protein and gene were detected by Western blotting and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) in both the chemosensitive SCLC H69 cell line and chemoresistant H69AR cell line, respectively. siRNA was transfected into the H69AR cells to inhibit RLIP76 expression, and eGFP-RLIP76 was transfected into the H69 cells to enhance RLIP76 expression. The drug-sensitivity of cells to chemotherapeutic drugs (ADM, DDP, VP-16) were detected by CCK8 assay. The expression of RLIP76 in the SCLC tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The relationship of RLIP76 expression with clinicopathological features and prognosis of the patients was analyzed.

RESULTSThe expression of RLIP76 in H69AR cells was 13.675 ± 0.983, significantly higher than 1.074 ± 0.107 in the H69 cells (P < 0.01). The drug-sensitivities of H69AR cells to chemotherapeutic drugs were significantly increased when the expression of RLIP76 was down-regulated (P< 0.001). The sensitivities of H69 cells to chemotherapeutic drugs ADM, DDP and VP-16 were significantly decreased after transfection with eGFP-RLIP76 up-regulating the RLIP76 expression (P = 0.003). The positive expression rates were 61.3% and 9.4% in the SCLC tumor tissues and para-cancerous tissues, respectively (P < 0.01). The expression of RLIP76 was significantly correlated with clinical stage, chemosensitivity and overall survival of the SCLC patients (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest that RLIP76 is involved in the regulation of small cell lung cancer multidrug resistance. RLIP76 may serve as a potential target gene to evaluate the chemosensitivity and clinical prognostic for small cell lung cancer.

ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; metabolism ; physiology ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cisplatin ; pharmacology ; Down-Regulation ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Etoposide ; pharmacology ; GTPase-Activating Proteins ; metabolism ; physiology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Up-Regulation

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of three optical isomers in bortezomib. Methods: An HPLC method was used with a ChiralPAKAY-H normal phase chiral column (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase was n-hexane-ethanol-methanol-trifluoroaceticacid (90 ∶7. 5∶2. 5∶0. 1) and the flow rate was 0. 8 ml·min-1 . The detection wavelength was set at 270 nm. The column temperature was 40℃ and the injection volume was 5 μl. Results: The separation of bortezomib from the three optical isomers was more than 2. 0. The linear range of the three optical isomers was 0. 6-20μg·ml-1(r≥0. 999 7). The average re-covery was 104. 1%, 105. 5% and 92. 0% with RSD of 2. 3%, 2. 4% and 2. 7%, respectively (n=9). The limit of quantification and detection limit was 3 ng and 1 ng, respectively. Conclusion:The method is rapid and accurate, and can be used for the determi-nation of optical isomers in bortezomib.

Objective To study the radioprotective effects of ultra-small carbon quantum dots (CQDs) in mice in vivo,and to reveal the protective mechanism,as well as to study the body immune response to CQDs and the toxicity in vivo.Methods Mice were injected with different concentrations of CQDs solution.Mice models of systemic radiation injury were constructed by high dose gamma rays radiation.The 30-days survival rate,bone marrow DNA,femoral bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNC),tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured to evaluate the radioprotective effects of CQDs,and to investigate the possible protective mechanism.The toxicity of CQDs in vivo was studied by measuring the changes of body weight,liver index and spleen index before and after injections of CQDs in mice.Results CQDs showed obvious radioprotective effects on mice in vivo.Compared with the control group,the 30-days survival rate of irradiated mice treated with CQDs increased from 0％ to 40％.CQDs could effectively reduce the hematopoietic system damages caused by radiation,and increase the level of bone marrow DNA,femur BMNC,liver and lung SOD,as well as reduce the production of MDA in liver and lung.The results of immunological reaction tests showed that CQDs had less toxicity in vivo and did not trigger the body immune response.Conclusions CQDs has tremendous application prospects in the field of radiation protection.This study can provide new ideas for the application of new nano-materials in medical field.

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of optical isomers in carfilzomib .Methods:The sample was separated on a Chiralpak OX-H column.The mobile phase consisted of n-hexane∶isopropanol∶alcohol (89 ∶5 ∶6, v/v/v) with a flow rat of 1.0 ml· min-1 .The detection wavelength was 220 nm.Results:The linear rang of enantiomer , diastereomer Ⅰand di-astereomer Ⅱwas 0.54-2.14 μg· ml -1,0.11-1.80 μg· ml-1 and 0.11-1.81 μg· ml-1(r≥0.998), respectively.The lower limit of quantification was 0.07-0.27 μg· ml-1 .The recoveries of optical isomers were within the range of 99.6%-100.9% with RSD of 1.13%-1.59%(n=9).Conclusion:The method is sensitive, simple, fast, accurate and specific, and suitable for the study of opti-cal isomers in carfilzomib .

Background Drug resistance is the main cause of failure after chemotherapy of retinoblastoma (RB),and how to improve the sensitivity of RB cells to chemotherapic drug become an urgent issue.All trans retinoic acid (ATRA) can inhibit the growth of tumor cells.However,whether ATRA increases the sensitivity of RB cells to chemotherapic drug is unclear.Objective This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of ATRA with vincristine on the proliferation of SO-RB50 cells.Methods SO-RB50 cells were cultured routinely.Different concentrations of ATRA or vincristine were added into the medium for 48 hours for the determination of IC50 by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method.Cultured cells were divided into normal control group,ATRA group,vincristine group and combined drug group.The cells were treated by ATRA or vincristine with the dose of IC50,and the proliferation of the cells was detected every day at the 24-hour interval for 6 consecutive days.The percentage of the cells in different cell cycles was analyzed 72 hours after treatment using flow cytometry.Cell apoptosis rate was detected and calculated 48 hours after treatment by annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) method.Results The IC50 of ATRA was approximately 12.84 μ mol/L,and that of vincristine was 0.11 μg/ml.The growth curve of SO-RB50 cells was gradually raised as the lapse of time,but the curves were relatively low in the ATRA group,vincristine group and combined drug group,with the lowest curve in the combined drug group.The proliferation values of the cells (A450)were 1.078±0.022,0.611 ±0.038,0.596 ±0.031 and 0.483 ±0.030 in 48 hours after treatment,and those in 72 hours were 1.380± 0.021,0.799 ± 0.016,0.668 ± 0.041 and 0.532 ± 0.033 in normal control group,ATRA group,vincristine group and combined drug group,showing significant differences among the groups and various time points (Fgroup =1115.207,P =0.000;Ftime =257.781,P =0.000).The A450 values of the ATRA group,vincristine group and combined drug group were significantly lower than those of normal control group (all at P＜0.05).The percentage of the cells in different cell cycles was changed after 72 hours' treatment and the differences were statistically significant (FG0/G1 =130.565,Fs =57.435;FG2/M =114.290,P＜0.05).Compared with the normal control group,the percentage of G0/G1 phase cells was increased and S phase cells was decreased significantly in ATRA group,the percentage of G0/G1 phase cells was decreased and G2/M phase cells was increased significantly in vincristine group(P＜0.05).The apoptotic rate of the cells was (7.17±0.18) ％,(27.34±1.36) ％,(27.49±2.45) ％ and (34.50±1.84) ％ in normal control group,ATRA group,vincristine group and combined drug group,with a significant difference among the groups (F=147.555,P＜0.05),and the apoptotic rate in the combined drug group was remarkedly lower than that of normal control group,ATRA group and vincristine group (all at P=0.000).Conclusions ATRA can improve the sensitivity of SO-RB50 cells to chemotherapeutic drug.The combined application of ATRA and vincristine enhance the inhibitory effect on the cells probably by regulating cell cycle and inducing apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the knowledge of stroke risk factors in the families of patients with stroke. Methods 1100 family members of stroke patients hospitalized in 10 hospitals of various levels in Gansu were investigated with self-designed questionnaire. Results Most families knew that the hypertension was a risk factor for stroke, and there was no significant difference among ages. 7.32% of the families knew all the 6 common risk factors for stroke, and 14.23% knew none of them. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes as the risk factors for stroke was known most in the families finished higher education, and different with the education levels. Heart disease, smoking, consumption of alcohol as risk factors for stroke was known poorly whatever the careers of the families. Conclusion The families of patients with stroke know less about common risk factors for stroke in Gansu.

Objective To investigate the knowledge about risk factors for stroke in stroke patients. Methods 1043 stroke patients in 10 hospitals were investigated with self-designed questionnaire. Results The rate of awareness of risk factors for stroke was: hypertension 61.55%, hyperlipidemia 40.27%, drinking 32.21%, smoking 30.11%, diabetes mellitus 28.67%, heart disease 23.11%. 6.42% knew all the 6 risk factors, and 20.13% did not know any risk factor. The rate of awareness of diabetes mellitus was different among various aged groups (P<0.01), and the rate of awareness of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus increased with the years of education. Conclusion The stroke patients know less about the common risk factors for stroke, who need more health education.

Objective To understand the awareness of early symptoms of stroke patients in Gansu. Methods 1100 stroke patients in neurology and neurosurgery departments in 10 hospitals of different levels in Gansu in 2010 were surveyed by questionnaire. Results The awareness rate of early symptoms of stroke was generally low in all age groups. Conclusion Stroke patients were lack of awareness of early symptoms in Gansu, we should step up publicity efforts to enable more patients to receive early treatment and reduce morbidity and mortality.

Objective To investigate the awareness of knowledge about stroke rehabilitation in medical professionals in Gansu. Methods 520 professionals of neurology, neurosurgery, and others from 10 hospitals of different level were investigated with questionnaire. Results The awareness of the knowledge about stroke rehabilitation was different with the gender (χ2=17.50), education levels (χ2=66.35), professional levels (χ2=16.81), specialities (χ2=124.39) and duties (χ2=29.99) of the professionals (P<0.05). Conclusion It is necessary to improve the education of rehabilitation in hospitals.

Objective To analyse characteristics of military pilot group sandplay work and reveal their psychological status.Methods Using the self-reporting 90-item Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) to test the validity of group sandplay work made by 87 groups of military pilots.Statistical analysis was used to analyse the characteristics of code data in group sandplay work.Results Positive and negative themes in group sandplay work showed negative and positive correlations(r=-0.59,0.59) with symptom factors of SCL-90,respectively.Positive and negative themes scores were 5.37±2.25 and 2.36± 1.85 ,respectively.The secondary theme scores in the positive theme were entirely higher than those in the negative theme.Scores of energy, connection, cooperation, integration, relaxation, and spirituality in the positive theme and threat,limitation, and aggression in the negative theme were relatively high.The overall evaluations of the work include power, integration, enrichment, and fluency.The theme names of the work include life, military, natural and abstract.Conclusion Group sandplay is an effective method in the study of military pilots' psychological health and military pilots are in good mental health.These pilots have strong intrinsic energy,teamwork and communication.However,some pilots have symptoms of anxiety,tension and insecure.