The clinical manifestation was painless mass in the parotid gland. Physical examination showed regional swelling in parotid area. Bultrasound examination demonstrated the mass was an hypoechoic nodules of bilateral parotid gland, the border was vague. Absolute value and ratio of peripheral eosinophils were both significantly increased. Pathological examination: parotid eosinophilic lymphogranuloma.
Adult ; Eosinophilic Granuloma ; Humans ; Male ; Parotid Neoplasms

AIM: To investigate the changes of expression of Nogo-A at different time points in brain ischemic infarct rats.METHODS: The model of 80 cases of middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) in rats was established.The expression of Nogo-A mRNA and protein were determined by Western blotting and hybridization,and the relationship between functional scoring and Nogo-A was also evaluated.RESULTS: In the brain of MCAO rats,Nogo-A mRNA expression was decreased on day 3 and increased significantly on day 7.The highest level was observed at the 21th d,keeping the same level at the 28th d.Nogo-A protein expression showed the same results.These results were correlated with the brain function scoring.CONCLUSION: Expression of Nogo-A does not increase in the early stage,but increases significantly in the late stage of MCAO,suggesting that Nogo-A expression may play an important role in the nerve regeneration of brain ischemic injury.

Triage is one of the important taches for the wounded whom is cured effectively under the condition to limited medical resource in public health emergency events.It is a decision based on doctrine rather than expediency.By the view of ethics,the article considered three doctrines: fairness,benthamism and scientific decision-making,which assures that the outcome of wartime triage at the sea is speedy and exact.

OBJECTIVE To investigate conditions and features of antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae clincal isolates.METHODS Totally 203 strains of S.pneumoniae were isolated from Jan 2005 to Dec 2006 in Yuying Pediatric Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College.Then the antimicrobial susceptibility test to ten drugs and the MICs of penicillin were detected.RESULTS In 203 S.pneumoniae strains,all were sensitive to vancomycin,were sensitive to 98.0%,levofloxacin,the sensitivity of penicillin,erythromycin,tetracycline,clindamycin and SMZ was lower than 15.0%.The penicillin insensitivity of 203 strains reached 86.2%.There were 24 of the 203 strains for which penicillin MICs were ≥4 ?g/ml.CONCLUSIONS S.pneumoniae clinical strains are resistant to most of the commonly used antibiotics.The percentage of high level multidrug resistant strains is very high.Vancomycin and levofloxacin are the most sensitive drugs for S.pneumoniae clinical strains,the next are chlorophenicol.Erythromycin,SMZ,tetracycline and clindamycin aren′t useful in treating S.pneumoniae infection.

Objective To research the influences of gambogic acid on rats'cytochrome P450 isoforms by using the Cocktail probe drugs. Methods Rats were randomly divided into several groups. One group of rats received gambogic acid solution containing 0.5 %CMC-Na (2 mg?mL-1,once per day) orally for six days. At the same time,the rats in the other group received 0.5 %CMC-Na solution serving as blank control group. Blood samples were collect at different time point,and the plasma concentration of cocktail probe drugs was determined by HPLC. Results There was insignificant difference of caffeine and dapsone metabolism between the gambogic acid group and the blank group,but the chlorzoxazone was eliminated faster in the gambogic acid group,and the half life of chlozoxazone was shorter. Conclusion Gambogic acid has no significant influence on the cytochrome P450 isoforms of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4,but has an induction on the CYP2E1.

OBJECTIVE To study infection status and drug resistance of Ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu) and Mycoplasma hominis(Mh) in the female genital tract.METHODS The retrospective analysis of identification and the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of mycoplasma in 2263 female cervical secretions from Jan 2007 to Jun 2008 were conducted.RESULTS In 2263 cases,the positive rate of mycoplasma was 66.46%.The infection only by Uu accounted for 45.03%,by Mh for 1.46%,and the mixed infection for 19.97%.The results of drug sensibility test showed that drug resistances of mycoplasma were diffirent among three types of mycoplasma infections.CONCLUSIONS The infectious rate of mycoplasma from female cervical secretions is on big rise.It is important to culture and test the drug sensitivities of mycoplasma for choosing drugs rationally and control the resistant strains.

BACKGROUND:With the rapid development of medical technology, computer image technology and the urgent needs of computer-aided clinical teaching, the application of virtual reality technology in oral and maxilofacial anatomy has become an issue of concern. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the application of virtual reality technology in oral and maxilofacial anatomy, thereby providing the better methods for clinical and basic research of oral medicine, laying the foundation for building the digital repository, and realizing the informatization and networking construction. METHODS:A computer-based retrieval was performed by the first author in the CNKI and PubMed databases to search papers related on the virtual reality technology applied in oral and maxilofacial anatomy published between January 2004 and December 2014, using the key words of “tissue engineering, virtual reality, oral and maxilofacial anatomy, digital, 3D reconstruction, multimedia, teeth, skul” in Chinese and English, respectively. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 52 papers were included in the final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The application of virtual reality technology in oral and maxilofacial anatomy mainly includes 3D digital model and virtual digital database of human body. 3D medical reconstruction software includes 3D-Doctor and Minics that support the original data sources including continuous fault anatomical images, varieties of image data and 3D scanning data. A variety of virtual reality technologies can successfuly reproduce the tooth, dentition and oral and maxilofacial anatomy, laying the foundation for building the virtual reality platform in oral clinical application and teaching.

Objective To study the features of esophageal motility in the cases with myasthenia gravis(MG).Methods 15 healthy controls and 45 patients with MG were tested by using a low-compliance four-lumen hydraulic infusion system,respectively.Focused on the following parameters:PP,UESP,UEP,MEP and MERP.Results There were significant differences of the parameters in between MG cases and healthy controls PP (73.24 ± 31.40) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) vs.(103.78±29.47) mmHg,P=0.002;UESP(41.75 ±21.04) mmHg vs.(60.59 ±17.97) mmHg,P=0.003;UEP (56.63 ±30.26) mmHg vs.(78.98 ±30.14) mmHg,P =0.016;MEP(53.96 ±23.25) mmHg vs.(75.11 ±23.75) mmHg(P =0.004).However,MERP of MG cases or healthy controls seemed to be similar[(-7.76 ± 5.94) mmHg vs.(-7.58 ± 5.76) mmHg,P =0.91).Additionally,the above-mentioned parameters in the cases with generalized myasthenia gravis or dysphagia were significantly different compared with other subtypes or healthy controls (P ＜ 0.01).However,there were no significant differences of the parameters in between ocular MG and healthy controls,or in between MG with and without thymoma.Conclusion The upper and middle part of esophageal motility dysfunction is very common in MG cases,especially in those with dysphagia or generalized MG,characterizing by the declined pressure.Manometry in MG cases can help us classify the subtypes of MG and verify their esophageal motility functions.

OBJECTIVEThis research aims to study the changes in pain threshold and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in a Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model oftrigeminal neuralgia.

METHODSA total of 36 male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: operative, sham-operative, and control. In the operative group, a chronic constriction injury (CCI) was caused by placing loose chromic gut ligatures around the right infraorbital nerve (ION). In the sham-operative group, the right ION was subjected to the same procedure, but without ligation. In the control group, the right ION was not subjected to any treatment. The pain thresholds of the three groups were recorded at different times after the operation. The GDNF expression in each group was analyzed via immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTSAn allodynia to mechanical stimulation in the region of the ligated ION was observed starting on the 2nd week after operation. Pain thresholds started to increase gradually from the 6th week and returned to the original level at the 10th to 12th week after operation. Cells that expressed the GDNF markedly increased in number in the operative group with changes observed at different times.

CONCLUSIONWe use chronic constriction injury to the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION) to establish a trigeminal neuralgia-like animal model in SD rats. GDNF may play a role in regulating pain by promoting the restoration and regeneration of nerve fibers.

Animals ; Constriction ; Disease Models, Animal ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factors ; Hyperalgesia ; Male ; Pain Threshold ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Trigeminal Neuralgia

BACKGROUND:Because the content of oral and maxil ofacial anatomy is various and complex, only the traditional way of multimedia cannot display the anatomical structures from multi-angle and al-round. The development of virtual reality technology in oral and maxil ofacial anatomy of three-dimensional reconstruction research is rapid, causes the attention of many scholars, and has become a hot spot. OBJECTIVE:To develop a three-dimensional digital model of tooth, dentition and skul , and establish a multimedia database of oral and maxil ofacial anatomy to facilitate network sharing and information dissemination so as to provide new method for teaching of basic and clinical oral medicine. METHODS:Extracted teeth with intact crown and root, dentition and skul were chosen. Each specimen was taken at horizontal and vertical direction by the camera in the center of turntable. Al the images obtained were treated using Photoshop CS5 for dressing and compression. The image data were input into The VR Worx system, fol owed by parameters and hotspots setting and the compression. Final y, the three-dimensional digital models were reconstructed and output with QuickTime VR format into disk. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Three-dimensional digital models of tooth and skul were constructed with photography and the VR Worx 2.6 software, which could faithful y reproduce the anatomical characteristics of teeth, dentition and skul s, and facilitate researchers to rotate and scale for observation. Also, it was easy for hotspot-marking. On the platform of digital photography and The VR Worx software, it is feasible to establish the three-dimensional digital model of tooth and skul . This approach is the entity reconstruction, and the reconstructed model appears clear, vivid, and is easy to be saved and promoted.