BACKGROUND: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the brain can promote inflammative reaction and thrombosis through inducing the expression of endothelioal adhesion molecule during cerebral ischemic reperfusion.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the good regulation of scalp point through point acupucture with Baihui (GV-20) to Qubin (GB-7) to ischemic cerebral injury, and to inhibition of TNF-α over-expression within the brain as well.DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Emergency Neurological Department of the Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed from August 2002 to August 2003 at the Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease in Medical College of Qingdao University. A total of 15 healthy female SD rats of clean grade, weighing 230-270 g, provided by Shanghai Experimental Animal Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences, were at random divided as sham operation group,acupuncture group and control group, with 5 rats in each group.for rats in acupuncture group and control groups, the procedur for rats in sham operation group was similar to those in control group, but without obstruction of the middle cerebra artery. After ten minutes ischemia, the rats in acupuncture group were given acupuncture treatment. The hairs in parts correspondent to Baihui (GV-20) and Fengfu (GV-16) points in human were cut down and conventionally sterilized, then a filiform needle in 0.35 mmx40 mm was used to point to point acupucture correspondent to Baihui and Qubin in human to the depth of 0.8 cm. Another needle was used to perpendicularly insert at Fengfu (GV-16) point to the depth of 0.5 cm. A pulse electric machine was applied for 30 minutes, with the positive electrode connecting to Baihui (GV-20) and negative electrode to the Fengfu GV-16), the frequensection and in situ hybridization assay of TNF-α: All rats of every group,after treatment of 2 hours ischemia and 12 hours reperfusion, were deeply anesthetized, quickly given 200 mL normal saline through the catheterized ascending aorta, and continually given 300 mL paraformaldehyde of 40 g/L concentration; then they were decapitated for collecting the brain, the brain was fixed for 1 hour with the same solidification solution. The coronal sec-tion about 7 μm was prepared starting from the part of optic chiasm towards the back. The cytoplasm of TNF-α positive cell was stained brownish yellow, and that of TNF-α negative control cell was not stained. VIDAS-21 image analysing system was used to analyse the image, the result was extissue: After conventional staining with hematoxylin-eosin, the pathological changes of focal areas in both acupuncture group and control group were observed under light microscope.ischemic cerebral tissues in acupuncture group and control group.TNF-α in the cortex and striate body of brain in rats with ischemic reperfusion: Compared with sham operation group, the expressions in acupuncture group and control group were significantly increased (0.302±0.04,0.320±0.02; 0.466±0.08, 0.423±0.02; 0.367±0.03, 0.362±0.02; P ＜ 0.05);compared with acupuncture group, the expression in control group was sigbral tissues: In control group the extent of degeneration and necrosis was more serious, the neuron was degenerative necrosis, the neuroglia cell was in vacuolar degeneration, there was obvious phenomenon of leukocytic aggregation and margination within the vessel, and also leukocytic infiltration around the vessels. In acupuncture group there were only a small nub of neurons being in degenerative degeneration and neuroglia cells in vacuolar degeneration, and less leukocytic aggregation within the vessel.CONCLUSION: The level of TNF-α in the cortex and striate body of brain was increased after ischemic reperfusion. Scalp point through point acupuncture with Baihui (GV-20) to Qubin (GB-7) could markedly inhibit its expression, so that the therapy could effectively check over-expression of inflammatory mediators and their biological effects, hence reducing the inflammatory injury after cerebral ischemia.

Objective To observe the expression of IL-1? and to study the mechanism of acupuncture for focal cerebral ischemia. Methods The ischemia-reperfusion model was established in rats. The immunohistochemistry technique was used to detect the expression of IL-1?in the sham operation group, control group and acupuncture group at 2h, 6h,12h,24h after reperfusion following middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats, TTC staining method was used to observe the infarct volume at 24h after reperfusion. Results The sham operation group showed a baseline expression of IL-1? in cortex and striate body. The cells expressing IL-1? were increased in 2h after reperfusion and peaked at 12h after reperfusion in the control and acupuncture groups. The expression of IL-1? was weaker in acupuncture group as compared to that in the control group at all the time points. Conclusion Acupuncture could downregulate the expression of IL-1?in cortex and striate body and reduce infarct volume. It was indicated in the study that downregulated expression of IL-1? might be one of the mechanisms of acupuncture protecting the brain from ischemic damage.

The advantages of 4 common mobile technologies were assessed in view of the technological bottlenecks encountered in developing the mobile characteristic database in colleges and universities,the platform framework for developing WebApp-oriented mobile characteristic database in colleges and universities based on HTM15 was proposed with its developing steps,advantages and prospects described in detail in order to discover the new technologies for developing characteristic database in colleges and universities and promote its sharing.

Aim To investigate the effects of U50488H,a selective ?-opioid receptor agonist,on the blood pressure in the rats and explore their mechanisms.Methods Heart rate(HR),arterial blood pressure(ABP),left ventricular pressure(LVP),contractive function(+ dp/dt_(max)) and diastolic function(-dp/dt_(max)) were examined in rats.Physiological experimental technique was used to collect urine and to determine the volume of urine output;isolated artery perfusion technique was used to investigate the direct action of U50488H on abdominal aorta of rats.Results HR,ABP,LVP and ?dp/dt_(max) in rats were decreased with the administration of U50488H;the urine volume increased significantly with the administration of U50488H.U50488H induced a dose-dependent vasodilation in the aortic artery.These effects of U50488H were totally abolished by nor-BNI,a selective ?-opioid receptor antagonist.Conclusion Stimulation of ?-opioid receptor with U50488H depresses the blood pressure mainly by reducing the strength of cardiac muscle,enhancing the urine volume and relaxing the vessel.

Aim To investigate the anti-arrhythmic effect and mechanism of ?-opioid receptor during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in rats,and to initially determine the regulation of U50488H(U50,a selective ?-opioid receptor agonist) to angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ),endothelin(ET) and nitric oxide(NO) in rats.Methods Rats were randomly divided into 7 groups,i.e.,control group,ischemia/reperfusion group(I/R),U50488H+I/R group,PTX group(PTX,a Gi/o proteininhibitor),Glib group(glibenclamide,a K_(ATP) channel blocker),Che group(chelerythrine,a selective PKC inhibitor),and Gen group(Genistein,a Tyrosine kinase inhibitor) respectively.The arrhythmia occurrence and score in different groups were observed and counted.The contents of AngⅡ,ET and NO in plasma of rats were also examined.Results ① Compared with I/R group,the arrhythmia score of U50+I/R group was significantly decreased.The effect of pared with I/R group,the arrhythmia score of U50+I/R group was significantly decreased.The effect of glibenclamide and chelerythrine respectively,the anti-arrhythmic effects induced by U50488H in the rats during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion were significantly attenuated or even completely blocked.③ The anti-arrhythmic effects of U50488H were not significantly affected by pretreatment with genistein.④ In comparison with normal rats,the contents of AngⅡand ET in plasma of I/R group were significantly increased,but the content of NO was decreased.With the administration of U50488H,the contents of AngⅡand ET in plasma of rats in U50488H+I/R group were significantly decreased.Meantime the content of NO was increased.Conclusions ① U50488H-induced anti-arrhythmic effects in the rats with myocardial ischemia and reperfusion are mediated by ?-opioid receptor.The signaling pathway may be related with(Gi/o,) PKC,and K_(ATP) channel.② The activation of ?-opioid receptor may elicit anti-arrhythmic effect through the down-regulations of AngⅡ or ET and up-regulation of NO in plasma of rats.

Objective To observe the expression of IL-6 mRNA and study the mechanism of acupuncture in focal cerebral ischemia.Methods In situ hybridization was used to detect the expression of IL-6 mRNA in the sham operation group, control group and acupuncture group 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h after reperfusion in the brain of middle cerebral artery occlusion rats, meanwhile and also observe ultrastructure in cortex of ischemic brain tissue 24 h after reperfusion.Results The sham operation group showed a basic expression of IL-6 mRNA in cortex and striate body. The cells expressing IL-6 mRNA were increased 2 h after ischemic reperfusion in cortex and striate body and peaked 24 h after reperfusion in control group and acupuncture group. The cells expressing IL-6 mRNA in cortex of ischemic area were stronger in acupuncture group than in control group at every research time point besides 2 h after ischemic reperfusion. The cells expressing IL-6 mRNA striate body of ischemic area were stronger in acupuncture group than in control group at every research time point. Acupuncture can lighten the degeneration of cell nucleolus and necrosis of cell, resume the integrity of the nucleolus, improve the function of mitochondrial and endoplasmic, and have significant difference with control group. Conclusion Acupuncture can increase the cells expressing of IL-6 mRNA.

Objective To investigate the correlation between apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms and expression of p38MAPK of injured astrocytes in the early stage.Methods Scratch injury to astrocytes of three different alleles of APOE (ε2,ε3,andε4) was induced.RT-PCR and Western-blot were applied to detect dynamic changes of intracellular p38MAPK before injury and at 12,24,48,and 72 hours postinjury.Results Expression of p38MAPK in APOEε2,ε3,andε4 astrocytes increased gradually over time,whereas before and 12-hour after injury,the difference was insignificant in pair comparison (P ＞ 0.05).p38MAPK in APOEε2,ε3,andε4 astrocytes revealed progressive up-regulation at 24,48,and 72 hours postinjury,but the expression in APOEε4 astrocytes was the highest (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion In the early period of injury,highly expressed p38MAPK in APOEε4 astrocytes indicates a more active p38MAPK-induced inflammatory response in APOEε4 carriers which may contribute to acute exacerbation and poor outcome.

Objective By detecting the mutations spectrum of phenylalanine hydroxylase(PAH)gene in phe-nylketonuria(PKU)patients and their parents. The researchers analyzed the gene mutation features and high - frequency mutations and determined the relationship between the genotype and the phenotype,which would provide a theoretical basis for the early diagnosis and genetic consultation of PKU children in the region. Methods In this study,13 exons and their flanking introns of the PAH gene in 32 PKU patients and their parents from Wuxi and Suqian in Jiangsu province were sequenced by using the next - generation sequencing(NGS)technology. Results Sixty - one mutant sites and 32 mutant genes were detected in 32 PKU patients,and the mutation detection rate was 95. 31%(61 / 64 cases). The variants at c. 721C ﹥ T,c. 1068C ﹥ A,c. 611A ﹥ G,c. 1197A ﹥ T,c. 728G ﹥ A,c. 331C ﹥ T and c. 442 -1G ﹥ A were common mutations in the region with mutation frequency over 5% . What's more,4 novel variants of c. 699C ﹥ G,c. 265C ﹥ T,c. 722G ﹥ A and c. 1194A ﹥ G were found. Of those,c. 699C ﹥ G was not recorded in the PAH variant database and HGMD database and. c. 265C ﹥ T,c. 722G ﹥ A,and c. 1194A ﹥ G were first reported in the Chi-nese population. Genotype - accurate biochemical phenotype correlation by using the Guldberg AV system revealed con-sistency rate of 38. 0%(8 / 21 cases),which the consistency rate between accurate biochemical phenotype and predic-tive phenotype of moderate to severe genotype was 92. 3%(12 / 13 cases),and mild genotype was 50. 0%(4 / 8 cases). Conclusions The PAH gene variants of PKU patients in Jiangsu province are distributed mainly in exons 7,of which the highest frequency gene mutation is c. 721 c ﹥ T. Moreover,one novel variant c. 699C ﹥ G was reported for the first time. The PKU children inherit the PAH mutation gene mainly from both parents. There are definite correlation between the genotypes and phenotypes.

Aim To investigate the effects of U50,488H(a selective ?-opioid receptor agonist)on ventricular arrhythmias induced by myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in rats and to elucidate their mechanisms.Methods The contents of CK(creatine phosphokinase)and LDH(lactate dehydrogenase)were measured; The isolated heart was perfused using langendorff equipment. Heart rate(HR), arterial blood pressure(ABP), left ventricular pressure (LVP), cardiac function (?dp/dtmax), rate of ventricular tachycardia(VT)and ventricular fibrillation(VF)were examined in rats in vitro. The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias and arrhythmia score were also determined; The change of sodium currents (INa) induced by U50,488H was detected by whole-cell recording mode using patch clamp.Results ① In comparison with I/R group, the contents of CK、LDH in plasma of rats in U50,488H+I/R group were significantly lowered(P

Objective To evaluate the application effect and value of four kinds of neuroendoscopic operation mode in the treat-ment of hydrocephalus .Methods The four kinds of neuroendoscopic operation mode ,including endoscopic third ventriculostomy , septostomy of the septum pellucidum ,cyst ventriculostomy and ventrideperitoneal cavity ,were selected in 58 cases of hydrocephalus according to the indications .The treatment effects were analyzed and the application value was evaluated .Results Among 58 cases of hydrocephalus ,50 cases were significantly improved after operation ,the total effective rate was 86 .21% ,2 cases appeared some complications .The four kinds of operation mode could better treat hydrocephalus .Conclusion Neuroendoscopy is an ideal method in treating hydrocephalus and has the advantages of the slight trauma and fewer complications ,which is a method deserving to be promoted in clinic .