BACKGROUND: How to control the diameter and distribution of void is a tough problem for the preparation of polyvinylacetate porous materials, which is lack of efficient solutions. OBJECTIVE: To prepare polyvinylacetate porous materials by using high internal phase emulsions as templates, and to study the effect of preparation technique on diameter and distribution of void. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The observational experiment was performed at the Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taishan Medical University from March 2007 to October 2008. MATERIALS: Vinylacetate was supplied by Tianjin Yongda Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Divinylbenzene and sorbitan monooleate (SPAN 80) were provided by Aldrich Company (USA). Anhydrous calcium chloride and chlorobenzene was obtained from Shanghai No.1 Reagent Plant. Toluene was purchased from Tianjin Zonghengxing Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. 1,2-Dichlorobenzene was offered by Beijing Jingyi Chemical Plant. METHODS: The emulsions were obtained by adding dropwise aqueous solution of CaCl2 and potassium persulfate to the continuous phase (vinylacetate, DVB and Span80) under stirring, and then polymerization was heating by water bath in constant temperature (60 ℃). The solid foams were cut into 1 cm disciform strips and extracted with propanol for 48 hours in a Soxhlet apparatus. Solid foams were dried under vacuum at 50 ℃ to obtain polyvinylacetate porous materials. The void diameter, window diameter was observed by scanning electron microscope, the specific surface area was measured by 3H-2000Ⅱ instrument. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The specific surface area, void diameter and window diameter of porous materials. RESULTS: The void diameters of the polyvinylacetate porous materials were controlled 3.3-5.2 μm with window diameters of 1.7-2.3 μm. The surface areas greater than 720 m2/g could be achieved by replacing some of the monomer phase with non-polymerizable solvent, such as toluene.CONCLUSION: Polyvinylacetate porous materials with tailored void diameters can be produced via optimizing the composition and processing conditions of the emulsion precursor by high internal phase ratio template method.

OBJECTIVE: To explore effects of various inert solvents on surface morphology and specific surface area of porous materials. METHODS: Span80 served as emulsifier, and toluene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 2chloroethyl/benzene and 1-chloro-3-phenylpropane as inert solvent. High internal phase emulsion as template was used to prepare porous polystyrene material. Scanning electron microscope was utilized to observe morphology of porous materials to determine the diameter of foam hole. Nitrogen absorption specific surface area equipment was applied to determine specific surface area of the porous material. RESULTS: The inert solvent had an influence on the structure of the porous materials as follows: the higher compatibility of the inert solvent with styrene, the higher surface area of the solid foam; monomers with higher surface activity tended to penetrate between the chains of a surfactant monolayer to a larger degree, creating a wedge effect on the oil side of the monolayer; the high polarity of the solvent, the greater its ability to incorporate increasing larger quantities of water. Thus, the stability of the emulsions decreased. CONCLUSION: Compatibility of inert solvent and styrene and polarity of inert solvent mainly affect the specific surface area of the porous material. Interface activity of the inert solvent mainly influences foam hole and window size of the porous material.

Four compounds were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the bark of Alseodaphnehainanensis Merr. , The structures were identified as: a neolignan eusiderin A [(7R, 8R)-3,4,5,3′-tetram-ethox-△8’，9’-8-o-4’，7-o-5’lignan]（I）two benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (6,7-dimethoxyisoquinolinyl)-(4′-methoxyphenyl) methanone(Ⅱ), and( 6, 7-methylenedioxyisoquinolinyl )-( 4′-methoxyphenyl ) methanone (Ⅲ), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic acid ( Ⅳ ) on the basis of HR-SIMS，1HNMR，13CNMRand 2D-NMR spectroscopic analysis. CompoundsⅠ～Ⅲ were obtained from the Alseodaphne genus forthe first time.

Objective To review the experience of surgical management for caustic esophageal stricture and discuss the surgical techniques of transverse colon interposition for esophageal replacement. Methods 106 patients with caustic esophageal stricture were treated surgically. 32 patients underwent colon interposition with colonphargageal anastomosis and others received colon interposition with a cerrical anastomosis. The ascending branch of the left artery of the transverse colon was preserved as the supporting vessel of the interpositioned colon. Results There was no postoperative death. The leakage of cervical anastomosis was observed in 12 patients, anastomosis stenosis in 8 patients, and tracheotomy was performed in 3 patients. All patients were perfectly recovered by the treatment. Conclusion Transverse colon interposition for esophageal reconstruction is an optimal approach in the treatment of caustic esophageal stricture.

Objective To screen the gene expression profiles of human bladder cancer cell line EJ,in which RNA interference was used to downregulate the EZH2 expression and to investigate the EZH2 molecular mechanism in cancer.Methods The vector expressing EZH2 shRNA was constructed and transfected into EJ cell line with Lipofectamine 2000.We used the gene chip to screen differential expression genes in EJ cells with transfection with EZH2 shRNA compared with untransfected EJ cells.The data were up-loaded to Passway miner serve((http://www.biorag.org/passway.htm))Results We found 436 differentiation genes,in which 257 genes upregulated and 179 genes downregulated.Bioinformation analysis showed that 115 genes locate in the known biological ways,including EGF,P53,proliferation,cell cycle,Notch and Wnt passway.EZH2 target genes such as WNT1,MYT1,CNR1,WT1 were upregulated,some of which were linked to tumor stem cell and cell differentiation.Conclusion The linkage between EZH2 expression and cell proliferation,which is induced by genes encoding cell differentiation.The research focusing on EZH2 regulating genes will explore its molecular mechanism in oncog-enesis.

Objective To analyze risk factors for acute kidney injury after aortic arch operation under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.Methods Between January 2005 and June 2011,549 cases aortic arch replacement under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest were retrospectively analyzed.According to the occurrence of acute kidney injury they were divided into two groups.Univariate and multivariate analysis (multiple logistic regression) were used to identify the risk factors.Results AKI occurred in 102 cases (18.6％) and 27 cases(4.9％) had dialysis.Multiple logistic regression showed that body mess Index(OR =1.072,95％ CI:1.006-1.141,P =0.031),serum creatinin (OR =1.011,95％ CI:1.006-1.017,P =0.000),cardiopulmonary bypass time(OR =1.006,95 ％ CI:1.002-1.009,P =0.005) and the peak intraoperative glucose level (OR =1.007,95 ％ CI:1.002-1.011,P =0.003) were independent risk factors for AKI.Conclusion The higher BMI,serum creatinin level maybe indicate the occurrence of AKI,and AKI maybe can be reduced by controlling CPB time and intraoperative hyperglycemia.

Objective There is a paucity of data regarding hepatic dysfunction (HD) following type A and B aortic dissection repair with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). We determine the incidence and outcomes for postoperative HD, and analyze the risk factors of death for HD. Methods Between January 2006 and June 2008, 208 patients have undergone open repairs of aortic dissection with DHCA. Indications for surgical intervention were type A aortic dissection in 181 patients and type B in 27 patients. 18 patients had postoperative hepatic dysfunction with abnormal hepatic enzyme and bilirubin.The mean patient age was 43 years and one third were women. Perioperative data including age, sex, type, surgery intervention, CPB time, aortic-clamp time and ICU retention time were collected. Complications were classified as bleeding, low cardiac output, acute renal failure, hypoxemia, infection, temporary neurologic dysfunction, multiple organ dysfunction and death.Serum GPT, LDH and TBIL were assayed and recorded before and after operation, as well as 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d. Risk factors for death of hepatic dysfunction were ascertained by univariate and multivariable analysis. Results The incidence of hepatic dysfunction within one week following surgery is 8.7%. The mortality associated with HD was 39% compared with 1.6% (P＜0.0001) in patients without HD. ICU retention time were significantly different (P＜0.001) between HD grorp (11.9days) and non-HD group (4.2days). In this group, intraoperative and postoperative 24 hours blood transfusion volume (PRBC) ＞20 U occurred in 6 patients, reopen for bleeding in 3 patients, low cardiac output in 6 patients, sepsis in 1 patients, acute renal failure in 7 patients, hypoxemia in 5 patients, severe infection in 2 patients, temporary neurologic dysfunction in 5 patients, multiple organ dysfunction in 10 patients. Bleeding( P = 0. 024 ), low cardiac output (P = 0. 024 ), acute renal failure ( P = 0. 024), MOD ( P = 0.002) are the risk factors of death for hepatic dysfunction. And independent determinants were bleeding (P= 0.019) and MOD ( P = 0.001 ). Conclusion Multiple risk factors impact the onset of postoperative hepatic dysfunction. Bleeding and MOD after aortic dissection surgical repairs were associated with an increased mortality.

Objective To study the biomarker panel of superficial bladder transitional cell carcinoma(SBTCC)and analyze the biological pathway in tumorigenesis by Shotgun proteomics strategy.Methods Normal urothelium cells and cancer cells were harvested by laser capture microdissection from clinical specimen and the proteomic expression profile was identified by two-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.The isoelectric point,molecular weight,grand average of hydropathicity,transmembrane helices were analyzed by using proteomics tools.Gene ontology was used to comment the identified proteins.The pathway analysis was performed by ArrayTrack software,and visualized by GenMAPP.Results There were 440 and 218 proteins expressed in cancer cells and normal cells respectively,among them 388 proteins were differerntially expressed.All the database about identified proteins was deposited in an accessible form to researchers at http://www.Proteome-SBTCC.org.cn and http://www.Proteome-NHTE.org.cn.There were 267(68.8%)differentially expressed proteins which had GO biological process comments.The biological pathwavs of these proteins included MAPK signaling pathway,focal adhesion,oxidative phosphorylation,ECMreceptor interaction,etc.Conclusion Shotgun strategy proteomies database of normal transitional epithelium and SBTCC is successfully constructed.And the basis for the understanding of cell biology and discovery of biomarker panel for SBTCC iS provided.

Objective To explore the operative treatment of esophageal carcinoma or carcinoma of gastric cardia in patients aged 70 years or older. Methods　One thousand and eighty eight patients with esophageal cancer or carcinoma of gastric cardia were retrospectively reviewed.These patients were divided into 4 groups:aged 41～69,70～74,75～79 and 80～90 years.The postoperative complications,hospjtalization time,prognosis, operative selection and perioperative treatment were analyzed. Results　Incidences of complications of pulmonary infection,arrhythmia,psychiatric symptom and unhealing of surgical incision were obviously increased,and the average hospitalization time were significantly prolonged in patients aged 70 years or older.Incidence of pulmonary infection and the average hospitalization time were significantly increased in patients aged 80～90 years compared with other groups.There were 4 death cases and 1084 cured cases. Conclusions　With regard to elderly patients for esophageal carcinoma or carcinoma of gastric eardia,handling the occurrence of postoperative complications,selecting suitable patients to take operation and appropriate perioperative treatments are the keys for successful operation.

Objective To investigate the methods and effects of posterior fixation and fusion in treatment of complete thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation.Methods The study enrolled 8 cases of complete thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation treated by posterior fixation and fusion with pedicle screwrod system between January 2006 and December 2012.There were 7 males and 1 female,at mean age of 31.9 years (range,19-49 years).Mean time interval between injury and surgery was 8.1 days (range,4-12 days).Fracture-dislocation classification was AO type C,Denis three-column injury,and Meyerding grade V.According to American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA),there 5 cases at grades A,1 at grade B,1 at grade C 1 at grade E.Fracture-dislocation segments included T5-T6 in 1 case,T12-L1 in 3,L1-L2 in 2,L3-L4 in 1 and L4-L5 in 1.Results Mean duration of surgery was 220.6 minutes (range,135-335 minutes) and mean intraoperative blood loss was 1 150 ml (range,500-2 400 ml).Seven cases sustained dural laceration during the operation,which were sutured or covered with autologous fat grafts,but 3 of them were subjected to cerebrospinal fluid leakage and healed after conservative therapy.Anatomic reduction was achieved in 6 cases,partial reduction in 1 and non-reduction in 1.Mean Cobb angle improved from 29.3 ° (range,8 °-51 °) preoperatively to 1.9 ° (range,-5°-10 °) postoperatively.After a mean follow-up of 39.3 months (range,2-76 months),2 cases were recovered from preoperative ASIA grade A and B to C respectively and 6 cases (4 A,1 C,1 E) revealed no significant improvement.There was no implant loosening or breakage.One case was died of lung-related complications at postoperative 4 years.One case sustained lumbar deep infection at postoperative 3 weeks and managed by debridement,irrigation,drainage and implant retention.Conclusion Posterior fixation and fusion is the general treatment principle for complete thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation,but the degree of reduction depends on severity of the injured spinal cord.