Proteomics was important for the coherent study of human reproduction and animal breeding including human infertility,sperm-egg binding and mutual recognition of the mechanism.It was well known that proteomics had become one of the main branches of life sciences in the future.This provides the technological means and theoretical foundation for the individual dynamic changes in the protein.At the same time,it plays an important role in the drug development,the mechanism of life activities and in the field of livestock breeding.

ObjectiveTo provide anatomical basis of neural transplantation to repair deep branch of ulnar nerve defect with the ring finger radial digital branch.MethodsThirty-two sides of 16 cases fresh forearms were dissected and observed.Microdissect and measure the deep branch of ulnar nerve,quadrate pronator of median nerve and it's ring finger radial digital branch under 10-times operating microscope. ResultsThe diameter of quadrate pronator of median nerve was (1.13 ± 0.02)mm,ring finger radial digital branch of median nerve was (1.17 ± 0.05)mm,mid-palmar section of deep branch of ulnar nerve was(1.75± 0.07)mm.Dissect ring finger radial digital branch of median nerve to muscular branch of quadrate pronator under operating microscope,retaining it's blood supply.The length between the deep branch of ulnar nerve and ring finger radial digital branch was( 104.59 ± 20.25)mm.Conclusion①Solving the problem of nervegrafting without blood supply before,benefit to the survival of the grafting segment and the regeneration of the neuro fiber,and function restoring.②This kind of grafting is the bridging of muscular branch to muscular branch,abide by the principle of neurophysiology.③Neural transplantation to repair deep branch of ulnar nerve defect with the ring finger radial digital branch is an effective method.

Objective:To promote the hearing, improve the appearance, shorten the therapeutic course in congenital malformation of external and middle ear,the program of primary restoration has been designed. Method:Under general or local anaesthesia a Z-shaped incision is made in skin. After turn up the flap A(defective ear)and flap B(retroauricular skin), a periosteal flap C with pedicle in front is made and elevated from mastoid.Then made frameworklize on mastoid and perform tympanoplasty. Once the myringograft is put properly the flap C is turn into the mastoidal cavity to serve as the lining of anterior wall. Flap A is sutured with the edge of retroauricular incision to serve as the lower part of new auricle. Then use the flap B to wrap a siliceous frame to make the upper part of new auricle.Finally,the naked walls of mastoidal cavity are lined with free skin graft and the cavity is packed with vaseline gauze for two weeks. Result:Two cases of congenital malformation of external and middle ear were treated with the procedure mentioned above and were followed up for one and 3 years respectively. Both effects of shape and hearing were good.Conclusion:The primary restoration for congenital malformation of external and middle ear designed by the authors is an excellent method worthy to be recommended.

Aim Toexplorethemechanismofupregu-lation of osteopontin ( OPN ) expression induced by high glucose in human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2cells).Methods Afterstimulationwithhigh-glucose (25 mmol·L-1 ) culture medium, HK-2 cells were then treated with the specific inhibitors or siRNA to inhibit the activity of PI3K and/or mTOR. Subse-quently, Real-time PCR was used to investigate the mRNA level of OPN, and Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression of OPN, p-AKT, p-S6,RaptorandRictor.Results Theexpressionlevel of OPN was increased in a time-dependent manner in HK-2 cells followed by high-glucose stimulation. The mRNA level of OPN peaked at 48 h; while the protein expression of OPN reached the highest level at 72h. Meanwhile, high glucose activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, inhibition of the PI3 K/AKT/mTOR pathway by LY294002 and/or rapa-mycin led to significant down-regulation of OPN. Addi-tionally, the treatment with Raptor siRNA, but not Rictor siRNA resulted in reduction of OPN expression. Conclusion Highglucoseincreasestheexpressionof OPN through the activation of PI3 K/AKT/mTORC1 signaling pathway in HK-2 cells.

Objective To explore the anatomical features and the dissection technique of thyrothymic ligament (TTL),and to explore the clinical significance of protecting the inferior parathyroid gland (IPTG) with this structure.Methods Patients who received the initial thyroid surgery in the Department of Thyroid Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University from May.2017 to Dec.2017 were prospectively analyzed.We dissected TTL,identified and located the IPTG,described the structural features of TTL,and investigated the position relationship of TTL and IPTG to evaluate the possibility and value of protecting IPTG in situ.Results About 121 patients underwent the dissection,totally 194 sides dissected that included 96 left sides and 98 right sides.TTL was found in 143 sides (73.7％),78 left sides (81.3％) and 65 right sides (66.3％).Nearly 70.6％ IPTG can be proactively identify and located by the TTL during the operation.TTL was a kind of adipose connective tissue that was wide at the bottom and narrow at the top,accompanying with the inferior thyroid vein,from the thymus to the thyroid.76.2％ TTL were attached to the lower pole and the lower 1/3 dorsal of thyroid,containing fat and vessels.33.5％ IPTGs were located in the area surrounding around the ends of the TTL.25.3％ IPTGs were located in the TTL.4.6％ IPTGs were located in the thymus and 7.2％ IPTGs surrounding around the TTL.The incidence rate of post-operation hypoparathyroidism was 14.9％.Conclusions TTL commonly exists and has significant relationship with IPTG.TTL connects thymus and IPTG,which would be considered a complex (thymus-thyrothymic ligament-IPTG complex,TLIC).The meticulous TTL dissection technique will help proactively identify,locate and protect IPTG during operation,and reduce the incidence rate of post-operation hypoparathyroidism.

Pulmonary surfactant (PS) is synthesized and secreted by alveolar epithelial type II (AEII) cells, which is a complex compound formed by proteins and lipids. Surfactant participates in a range of physiological processes such as reducing the surface tension, keeping the balance of alveolar fluid, maintaining normal alveolar morphology and conducting host defense. Genetic disorders of the surfactant homeostasis genes may result in lack of surfactant or cytotoxicity, and lead to multiple lung diseases in neonates, children and adults, including neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, and pulmonary fibrosis. This paper has provided a review for the functions and processes of pulmonary surfactant metabolism, as well as the connection between disorders of surfactant homeostasis genes and lung diseases.
ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; genetics ; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein C ; genetics ; Pulmonary Surfactants ; metabolism ; Transcription Factors