The effect of Sin on the transmission of the impulses through isolated rabbit superior cervical sympathetic ganglia in comparison with that of curare by the sucrose - gap method was studied.Inhibi -tory effect of Sin on the action potential was dose-dependent but no effect on the excitability and conductivity of preganglionic nerves. The ID50 of Sin and curare were 1.2 mM and 0.2 mM, respectively. The effect of Sin was reduced in high Ca2+ concentration solution, and enhanced under Ca2+ free solution. Neostigmine antagonized the effect of Sin.

On the isolated rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation Sin blocked the neuromuscular transmission without affecting the excitability & conductivity of phrenic nerve. Inhibitory effect of Sin on indirect contraction of diaphragm was dose-dependent, increasing with increasing dose & was antagonized by high Ca2+ solution. When the transmission was blocked by Sin, the ACh sensitivity of the chick biventer cervicis muscle was reduced. Like succinylcholine Sin induced the contractile response of the toade rectus abdominis. Neostigmine did not antagonize, but enhanced the blocking effect of neuromuscular transmission of Sin. These results indicate that Sin has some characteristics of depolarizing muscular relaxants.

Increasing evidence suggests that a complex net-work of fever induction pathways in mammalian exists. In this article,the overview of recent studies on the mechanism of fever induced by different pyrogens using IL-1, IL-1R, ICE, IL-1ra, IL-1RacP, IL-6,IL-10,TNFR,cPLA 2,COX,EP,AT 2,iNOS and D 2/3 knockout mice is presented. Hyperthermia respond to localized infection/inflammation(e.g.,sc injection of turpentine) is mediated by IL-1? and IL-6 in turn.While fever induced by systemic infection/inflammation(e.g.,treatment with LPS intraperitoneally) varies with the different doses of pyrogens administered .Fever caused by a low dose of LPS administered ip is IL-6 dependent ,but the IL-6 independent pathway is crucial for the fever evoked by a high dose of LPS.Febrile responses during both local and systemic infection/inflammation develop totally through central PGE 2 dependent mechanism, but some stress induced hyperthermia otherwise.

Bitter taste receptors (BTRs) belong to the G protein-coupled receptors, which included 25 subtypes. BTRs, which were distributed in the oral cavity, mediated the bitter taste of mammalian. Furthermore, BTRs were also existed in the extra-oral digestive system such as the stomach and intestine to influence the digestion, absorption and energy regulation. It also can relax airway smooth muscles in the respiratory system and decrease blood pressure in the cardiovascular system. While being strikingly conformed to the latest advancements of BTRs, the efficacy of bitter taste property of Chinese materia medica (CMM) such as“excretion”,“dryness” and“strengthening” have been used in ancient theories of property and flavor in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for thousands of years in the treatment of multisystem diseases such as digestive, endocrine, respiratory and cardiovascular system. Therefore, applying modern techniques and new methods in the interpretation of the scientific connotation of bitter taste property of CMM based on BTRs should be a feasible way and a new research pattern. It played an important role in the enriching of the property theory in CMM, as well as enhancing the modernization and objectivization of CMM.

Aim To further study the molecular mecha-nism of the herbs with hot nature on the regulational action on TRPV1 channel based on the 7900 Real-time PCR instrument. Methods 7900 PCR instrument was applied to detect the intracellular flurescence of TRPV1 channel in the dorsal root ganglions ( DRG ) neurons and the effect on the TRPV1 ’ s thermo-sensational functions of the selected 11 ingredients from hot herbs was explored. Results TRPV1 channels could be ac-tivated by gradually elevated temperature; the activa-tion process could be blocked by the TRPV1 specific blocking agent capsaizepine. Most of the ingredients from hot-nature herbs had the potential to up-regualate TRPV1 channel function. Conclusions The estab-lished TRPV1 channel detection system based on PCR instrument is suitable for the analysis of regulational functions of drugs on the heat-activated TRPV1 chan-nel;the functions of hot herbs may be related to the up-regualtional effects of its active ingredients on the TRPV1 channel which will further up-regulate energy metabolism.

To further uncover the scientific significance and molecular mechanism of the Chinese herbs with pungent hot or warm natures, endogenous and exogenous expression systems were established by isolation of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and transfection of HEK293 cells with TRPV1 channel gene separately. On this basis, the regulation action of capsaicin, one main ingredient from chili pepper, on TRPV1 channel was further explored by using confocal microscope. Besides, the three-sites one-unit technique and method were constructed based on the brown adipose tissue (BAT), anal and tail skin temperatures. Then the effect of capsaicin on mouse energy metabolism was evaluated. Both endogenous and exogenous TRPV1 channel could be activated and this action could be specifically blocked by the TRPV1 channel inhibitor capsazepine. Simultaneously, the mice's core body temperature and BAT temperature fall down and then go up, accompanied by the increase of temperature of the mice's tail skin. Promotion of the energy metabolism by activation of TRPV1 channel might be the common way for the pungent-hot (warm) herbs to demonstrate their natures.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Saposhnikovia divaricata extract combined with arsenic trioxide (ATO) on the proliferation and apoptosis in chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells. MethodsSaposhnikovia divaricata extract was prepared.Cultured K562 cells were treated with different concentration of Saposhnikovia divaricataextract or/and ATO for 48h. Cell proliferation was determined using the MTT assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle were detected using flow cytometry.ResultsThe MTT assay showed that Saposhnikovia divaricata extract of 750,1 000,1 250,1 500 μg/ml had a significantly proliferation inhibitory effect compared with control group, the inhibitory rates were 23.29% ± 3.31%, 48.30% ± 2.50%, 79.62% ± 3.41% and 88.94% ± 0.06%, respectively (allP<0.05); Saposhnikovia divaricata extract of 500 μg/ml combined with ATO of 1.0, 0.5 μg/ml significantly increased inhibitor rates compared with ATO of 1.0, 0.5 μg/ml (64.99% ± 5.18%vs. 44.48% ± 3.31%,38.59% ± 3.88%vs.26.30% ± 5.03%; allP<0.05). FCM showed that Saposhnikovia divaricata extract of 500 μg/ml combined with ATO of 2.0, 1.0, 0.5 μg/ml significantly increased apoptotic rate compared with ATO group of 2.0, 1.0, 0.5 μg/ml (33.97% ± 0.59%vs.20.97% ± 2.17%, 13.53% ± 0.47%vs.9.77%±0.64%、6.63%±&0.40%vs.4.00%±0.46%; allP<0.05 ). Cell cycle results showed that Saposhnikovia divaricata extract of 500μg/ml combined with ATO of 2.0,1.0, 0.5μg/ml significantly increased the rate of S phase compared with ATO group of 2.0, 1.0, 0.5 μg/ml (60.25 ± 2.59%vs.55.61 ± 1.28%, 60.89 ± 1.53%vs.37.96 ± 1.02%, 47.76 ± 0.87%vs.39.90 ± 0.92%; allP<0.05).ConclusionsSaposhnikovia divaricataextract could obviously inhibit the proliferation of K562 cells and enhance the apoptotic effect of ATO. ATO could induce a G2/M phase arrest, while Saposhnikovia divaricata extract combined with ATO could induce a S phase arrest in K562 cells.

AIM: To observe the changes of AC activity and content of cAMP at different time point in hypothalamus of rats with fever and hypothermia. METHODS: Radioisotope method was used to measure the enzymatic activity of AC and the content of cAMP. RESULTS:(1)The fresh yeast caused fever after making model 4 h( P

AIM: To observe the changes of adengl cyclase(AC) and phosphodiesterase(PDE) activities of at different time point in hypothalamus of rats with fever and hypothermia. METHODS: Radioisotope method was used to measure the activity of AC and PDE. RESULTS:The fresh yeast caused rats fever after subcutaneous injection 4h( P

Aim The TRPV1 plasmid was transiently transfected into human embryonic kidney HEK 293T cells to establish the heterologous expression system of TRPV1-channel. Methods The transfection efficiency was confirmed under fluorescence mi-croscope and the TRPV1 protein expression was identified by u-sing Western blot, and the functional characteristics of the chan-nel were studied by using the method of confocal microscopy. Results The transfection rate could reach 40% ~50%; the transfected cells were found to have a clear band at the corre-sponding position that TRPV1 should be, which indicated that TRPV1 channel protein was expressed in the transfected cells. The confocal microscopy imaging result showed that the trans-fected HEK 293T cells were activated by TRPV1 channel ago-nist. Conclusion Transient transfection of HEK 293T cells with TRPV1 channel is successfully constructed and the heterol-ogous TRPV1 channel is verified to have normal calcium-media-ting function.