Definite elements is the first step of systemic analysis. Quality of thesis was determined by a combination of three factors in non-substantial dimension: ability,attitude and system. They affect the quality of undergraduate thesis in health management through different mechanisms respectively,such as selection and externalization of ability,power,adaptation,adjustment and defense of attitude,guide and regulation of system.

Objective To evaluate the safety and possibility of transesophageal emergency ventricular pacing with esophageal balloonelectrode catheter.Methods Sixty four patients with critical bradyarrhythmias were divided randomly to receive either transesophagealventricular pacing with esophageal balloon electrode catheter(balloon.catheter group,n=32),or transesophageai ventricular pacing withnormal esophageal electrode catheter(normal catheter group,n=32).Pulse width(ms),current output(mA),and the success rate werecompared between the 2 groups.Results Success rate in the balloon catheter group was 87.5%,which was significantly higher thanthat in the nodal catheter group(18.7%,X2=27.7,P＜0.01).The success rate oftransesophageal ventricular pacing with esophagealballoon electrode catheter was 87.5%.The average current output(mA)was significantly lower in the balloon catheter group than thatin the normal catheter group (24.5+2.5 mA VS 53±3.4mA,P＜0.05).Conclusions Esophageal balloon electrode catheter pacing couldbecome an available teclmiqBe for transesophageal emergency ventricular pacing.

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that bioactivity is found to be favored by the co-operative behavior of silanol (Si-OH)or Ti-OH etc. groups on the material surface and the involved calcium ions. To confirm the hypothesis that a new family of organic-inorganic hybrid materials, which incorporate gelatin chains covalently into Si-O-Ti network, is synthesized through sol-gel procedure.OBJECTIVE: To synthesize a hybrid of gelatin and CaO-SiO2-TiO2 system which is used for bone repairing, and observe its structure and bioactivity.DESIGN: Randomized control observation.SETTING; the laboratory, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology. MATERIALS: Gelatin (Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd), titanic acid isopropyl ester (Gu'an Hengye Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd), γ-glycidoxy propyl trimethoxy silane (Jingzhou Jianghan Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd), calcium nitrate (Tianjin Bodi Chemicals Co., Ltd)METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the laboratory, School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology between April and August in 2006. A new type of bioactive organic-inorganic hybrid was synthesized through sol-gel processing starting from gelatin, γ-(2,3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPSM),Tetraisopropyltitanate (TiPT) and calcium nitrate. ①Structure of the hybrid: The structures of the products were investigated with Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) diffusive reflection spectroscope, X-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument and scanning electron microscope (SEM) respectively.②Bioactivity: The products Ti15Ca0 and Ti15Ca20 were soaked in a stimulated body fluid (SBF) to evaluate the morphology of the surfaces by SEM and thin-film XRD. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The structure and bioactivity of the hybrid.RESULTS: ①The hybrid was completely amorphous and its surface was almost homogenous, which implied the covalent bonding between the organic component and inorganic component. FT-IR spectra result verified the occurrence of Si-OH group and Si-O-Ti bond, as well as the addition of TiPT supplied Si-O-Ti bond. ②There were lots of apatite crystallines formed on the surface of hybrid Ti15Ca20 after soaked in SBF for 7 days, which confirmed their in vitro bioactivity. These apatite particles were similar to the bioglass and other bioactive materials in the patterns. CONCLUSION: A new type of organic-inorganic hybrid material, which incorporates gelatin chains covalently into Si-O-Ti network, is synthesized through sol-gel procedure. There are lots of apatite and brushite crystals formed on the surface of the product Ti15Ca2O after soaking in SBF for 7 days, which obviously proves the bioactivity of the hybrid.

OBJECTIVE:To study the protective effects of total flavone from Prunus cerasifera fruits(PCE)on alcoholic liver disease(ALD)in rats,and provide experimental basis for developing new medicines for anti-ALD. METHODS:40 rats were ran-domly divided into normal group(distilled water),model group(distilled water),silibinin group [positive control,30 mg/(kg·d)] and PCE high-dose,low-dose groups [80,40 mg/(kg·d)],8 in each group. All rats were intragastrically administrated(10 mL/kg) every morning,once,for 6 weeks;meanwhile,except for normal group,rats in other groups received 50% alcohol(10 mL/kg) once intragastrically every afternoon to induce ALD model. After administration,heart,liver,spleen and other organ indexes,sub-cutaneous fat,brown fat,abdominal fat indexes were determined,as well as serum biochemical indexes [glutamate transaminase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),total bilirubin(TBIL),direct bilirubin(DBIL),indirect bilirubin(IBIL),gamma-glu-tamyl transpeptidase(GGT),and total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high-density lipoprotein(HDL),low-density lipopro-tein (LDL)] level and liver biochemical indexes [superoxide dismutase (SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px),TC,TG] and TC,TG levels in feces;pathological changes of liver and kidney tissues were observed. RESULTS:Compared with normal group,heart,liver,spleen indexes,subcutaneous fat,abdominal fat indexes in model group were in-creased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),brain index and brown fat index were decreased(P<0.05);HDL level and HDL/TC ratio in serum were decreased,other serum indexes were increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);SOD,GSH-Px levels in liver tissue were decreased, other above-mentioned liver biochemical indexes were increased(P<0.01);TC,TG levels in feces were increased(P<0.01);liv-er and kidney showed obvious lesions. Compared with model group,the above-mentioned indexes in silibinin group and PCE high-dose group were significantly improved (P<0.05 or P<0.01);ALT,AST in serum and MDA level in liver tissue in PCE low-dose group were significantly decreased(P<0.01),and SOD,GSH-Px levels in liver tissue were significantly increased(P<0.05);lesion degree of liver and kidney and lipid accumulation in liver were reduced in administration groups. CONCLUSIONS:PCE may play a role in anti-ALD by anti-oxidation,promoting liver cell regeneration and regulating lipid metabolism.

Objective To explore the characteristics of gait of old hemiplegic patients. Methods 22 old hemiplegic patients were investigated with Motion Analysis. Results The bilateral support phase increased, especially for the affected lateral. The swing phase decreased, as well as the frequency, step length, stride length and walking speed. Their heads flexed forward, but trunks remained upright. The motion of range of shoulder and elbow decreased in the affected lateral (P<0.05), and the angle of flexion and adduction in the affected shoulder and flexion in elbow increases (P<0.05). The motion of range of the affected hip, knee and ankle decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion The walking ability impaired in the old hemiplegic patients, with upper limbs spasticity, vision compensation, etc.

Objective To evaluate the usefulness of mycolic acid for identification of Mycobacterium species using SMIS. Methods One hundred and eighteen clinical Mycobacterium isolates collected from Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute through whole year of 2007 were analyzed. The 118 isolates contain 25 isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 93 non tuberculosis Mycobacterium identified by PNB method. Mycolic acid analysis using SMIS is evaluated for identification of a broad range of Mycobacteria in comparison with 16S rDNA , 16-23S rDNA ITS sequencing to measure the concordance rate and agreement, and verify the concordance rate and agreement among results of mycolic acid, sequencing and PNB in identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non tuberculosis Mycobacterium. Results The concordance rate between mycolic acid method analysis and DNA sequencing is 92% ( 108/118), of which concordance rate in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and non tuberculosis Mycobacterium are 95% (35/37) and 90% (73/81) respectively, agreement of both is great( agreement Kappa value is 0. 96). Through retrospective analysis, the concordance of results between SMIS and PNB method analysis is 90% (106/118)and agreement is well( agreement Kappa value is 0. 73 ), the concordance of results between sequencing and PNB method analysis is also 90% ( 106/118 ) and agreement is well (agreement Kappa value is 0. 74 ),despite the identification results of 11 isolates by PNB method are discordant. Conclusion Mycolic acid analysis by SMIS enables rapid identification of a broad range of clinical Mycobacterium species, which could play an important role in polyphasic identification of Mycobacterium species.

The structure, application and the development foregrounds of mobile water producing system are introduced, and the domestic and international development of water producing system is looked back as well as the clinical situation of mobile water producing system. Furthermore, the merits and defects of mobile water producing system are introduced. Mobile water producing system provides an effective guarantee for settling clinical emergency or bed-side blood purification treatment, and it has vast development foreground.

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics and drug resistance of pathogens isolated from pregnant woman′s urine samples.Methods The urine samples of pregnant women who underwent prenatal examination were collected and cultured.VITEK2 automatic bacterial analyzer was used to identify the bacteria strains,and Escherichia coli ,Streptococcus agalac-tiae were tested for their drug susceptibility.Results The positive rates of urine culture were 4.4%和 3.8% respectively in 2011 and 2012.The top 5 most isolated strains were Escherichia coli ,S .agalactiae ,Enterococcus faecalis ,K .pneumoniae and Propeus vulgaris .In 2011 and 2012,the resistance rates of Escherichia coli to ampicillin and piperacillin was more than 50%,ESBLs-produ-cing rate in Escherichia coli had decreased in 2012 than 2011,the resistance rates of S.agalactiae to erythromycin and clindamycin were more than 30%.Conclusion Escherichia coli accounted for the largest proportion in the strains isolated from urine samples of pregnant women,The pathogen of urinary tract infection in pregnant women are still mainly Gram-negative bacteria(Escherichia co-li),the main pathogens common antibiotics are varying degrees of resistance,pathogens all display common drug resistance of var-ying degrees.

Objective To research the protective effect of Ento-Ⅰagainst cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats,and to evaluate its analgesic and anticoagulating effects in mice. Methods The ischemic model was established with line embolism to block the middle cerebral artery of male rats. The 56 rats were randomly assigned into 7 groups of sham-operation,blank-matrix,nor?
mal saline,Ento-Ⅰplastic of 3 doses(6.67,3.33,1.67 mg/kg),and ozagrel sodium(8.3 mg/kg,ip). The effect of Ento-Ⅰplastic on anti-cerebral ischemia was measured by nervous function scores and the areas of cerebral infarction were determined by TTC staining for the calculation of cerebral infarction rates. The analgesic effect of Ento-Ⅰplastic was determined with acetic acid-induced twisting experiment. Sixty KM mice were randomly allocated into blank-matrix,aspirin,aspirin-plastic,and Ento-Ⅰplastic of 3 doses(5,10 and 20 mg/kg),the number of mouse twisting were recorded right after intraperitoneal injection of 0.7%acetic acid solution at the time of 1 h after the last administration. Moreover,the anticoagulant activity of Ento-Ⅰplastic was tested by glass capillary method. Re?sults The results of acetic acid-induced twisting experiment displayed that Ento-Ⅰplastic of all 3 dose groups(5,10 and 20 mg/kg) could significantly reduce the number of body torsion and increase the inhibitory rates of twisting,compared with that of blank matrix group(the inhibitory rates of twisting for 3 dose groups were 21.79%,48.89%,and 56.15%,respectively),with dose-response man?ner. According to the results of glass capillary test,the clotting time of mouse blood could be significantly prolonged by mid-(10 mg/kg)and low-dose(5 mg/kg)of Ento-Ⅰplastic with corresponding clotting time of(155.20±54.19)s and(155.80±73.84)s,compared with normal saline group at(92.10 ± 24.61)and blank-matrix group at(80.40 ± 48.09,P<0.05). The experiment results of the isch?emia-reperfusion injury by line embolism method in rats exhibited that Ento-Ⅰplastic in mid-dose(3.33 mg/kg)could significantly re?duce the neurological scores after 24 h of reperfusion injury,from(2.33 ± 0.52)of normal saline group to(1.00 ± 0.00)of mid-dose group(P<0.01). The results from TTC staining revealed that the cerebral infarction rates of normal saline group and blank-matrix group were(24.89±7.24)%and(27.72±7.89)%,respectively,whereas those of 6.67 mg/kg and 3.33 mg/kg group of Ento-Ⅰplastic were(14.01±2.65)%and(14.73±4.94)%,respectively. Compared to the 2 negative-control groups,both the high-and mid-dose of Ento-Ⅰplastic could significantly reduce the cerebral infarction rates after ischemic reperfusion injury in rats (P<0.01). Conclu?sion Ento-Ⅰplastic demonstrates strong analgesic and anticoagulant effects,and could substantially reduce the neurological scores and reduce cerebral infarction rates for ischemia-reperfusion injured rats. These are likely to be the mechanism of action for Ento-Ⅰplastic realizing its anti-cerebral ischemia effect.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between heart rate variability (HRV) and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Methods:Patients with OSA received polysomnography and brain MRI examination in Weihai Municipal Hospital from July 2019 to July 2020 were consecutively collected for cross-sectional analysis. The 5 min HRV before sleep (awake state) was analyzed. The patients were divided into CSVD group and non-CSVD group according to the overall burden of CSVD. The demographic data, clinical data, polysomnography parameters and HRV time domain and frequency domain parameters were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the correlation between the HRV parameters and CSVD in patients with OSA. Results:A total of 100 patients with OSA were enrolled, including 79 males (79.0%), aged 52.36±8.66 years, apnea hypopnea index (AHI) 38.70±24.65/h. There were 46 patients (46.0%) in the CSVD group and 54 (54.0%) in the non-CSVD group. Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in age, AHI, oxygen desaturation index (ODI), percentage of blood oxygen saturation <90% in total sleep time (T90), square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of the difference between adjacent RR intervals (RMSSD), power in high frequency range (HF), power in low frequency range (LF) to HF ratio (LF/HF) between the CSVD group and the non-CSVD group (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, AHI, ODI, and T90, RMSSD (odds ratio 0.625, 95% confidence interval 0.389-0.981; P=0.041) and LF/HF ratio (odds ratio 1.429, 95% confidence interval 1.011-2.020; P=0.043) were the independent influencing factors of CSVD in patients with OSA. Conclusion:Increased LF/HF and decreased RMSSD in OSA patients with CSVD suggest that the increased sympathetic excitability and decreased vagus function, which may be one of the pathophysiological mechanisms of occurring CSVD in patients with OSA.