Xylanase and mannanase are two hemicellulases,which are widely used in many fields.To improve the expression of thermostable xylanase DSB and thermostable mannanase ManA in Pichia pastoris,three endogenous signal peptides of Pichia pastoris(Scw1 1,Dse4 and Exg1) were chosed.Their capability to mediate the secretion of DSB and ManA with that of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-factor were compared.In shake-flask cultivation,three endogenous signal peptides and α-factor efficiently mediated the secretion of DSB and ManA,but the secretion efficiency has obvious difference.As for DSB,the expression efficiency of α-factor was much higher than three endogenous signal peptides.But as for ManA,the expression efficiency of Dse4 was equal to α-factor and much higher than Scw11 and Exg1.Therefore,α-factoris the most efficient signal peptide for DSB expression and Dse4 or α-factor are the most efficient signal peptide for ManA expression in Pichia pastoris X33.Moreover,the intracellular activities of DSB and ManA by α-factor are higher than Scw1 1,Dse4 and Exg1,and the intracellular activity of ManA was higher than DSB (the molecular weight of ManA was larger than DSB).Thus,when ManA were expressed in Pichia pastoris,different signal peptide,such as Dse4,could be used for improving the secretion efficiency.A basis for identifying more available signal peptides and screening for the optimal signal peptide for the target protein was provided.

Objective To evaluate family economic burden of children with autism, or with physical disability or with intellectual disability.Methods227 parents of children with autism, children with physical disability, children with intellectual disability and normal children were interviewed for their family economic burden.ResultsThe medical cost and caring cost of children with disability were significantly more than those of normal children, and the education cost, clothes cost and amusement cost of children with disability were significantly less than those of normal children. Family income was only affected by education level of parents. Families of children with disability received more economic assistance than families of normal children except families of autistic children. More children the family had, less economic assistance the family acquired. Compared with normal children, the family economic burden of children with disability were as following, children with autism (19582.4 RMB per year), children with physical disability (16410.1 RMB per year), children with intellectual disability (6391.0 RMB per year). ConclusionFamilies of children with autism, children with physical disability and children with intellectual disability had heavier economic burden than families of normal children.

PURPOSE: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs involved in different cancers, including lung cancer. Here, we aim to investigate the expression profiles of circulating miRNAs and their roles contributed to the progress of lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The levels of circulating miRNA in lung cancer patients were investigated by miRNAs assay. Then we predicted the target genes of aberrantly expressing miRNAs by searching genetic databases. Based on the A549 cells transfected with miR-1246 mimics or miR-1246 inhibitor,we further measured the roles of miR-1246 involving in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration and invasion capacities of lung cancer cells in vitro. Finally, we detected the effects of miR-1246 on glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β)/β-catenin pathway by immunofluorescence and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS: We identified that 14 miRNAs were aberrantly expressed in the serum of lung cancer patients. Among them, miR-1246 was the most up-regulated. The cell assays indicated that miR-1246 significantly increased the migration and invasion capabilities of A549 lung cancer cells. Meanwhile, immunofluorescence analysis revealed that miR-1246 promoted EMT process of A549 cells accompanying with decreasing E-cadherin expression, while increasing vimentin and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) expression. Furthermore, an online tool predicated that miR-1246 might bind to 3′-untranslated region of GSK-3β, which was confirmed by overexpression and knockdown of miR-1246 assays. CONCLUSION: Taken together, the study illustrates that miR-1246 regulates Wnt/β-catenin pathway through targeting GSK-3β/β-catenin, which partly contributing to tumor metastasis. MiR-1246 may play an essential role in the diagnosis and therapeutic of lung cancer.
Blotting, Western ; Cadherins ; Databases, Genetic ; Diagnosis ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Glycogen Synthase ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lung Neoplasms ; MicroRNAs ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; RNA, Small Untranslated ; Transforming Growth Factors ; Vimentin

Acute renal injury (AKI) is one of the serious complications after cardiac surgery.The incidence of AKI after cardiac surgery was 5%-42%.It is independently associated with an increase in costs of treatment, prolongation of hospital stay, and increase in short- and long-term mortality rates.Currently, there is no effective treatment for AKI after cardiac surgery.Early identification of high-risk patients, early prevention and early treatment can reduce the incidence and severity of AKI after cardiac surgery.Risk prediction models of AKI after cardiac surgery can help clinicians identify high-risk patients and thus carry out corresponding measures.This paper aimed to provide a reference for the use of the model and to indicate the direction for further research though analyzing the literature information about the establishment of risk prediction model of AKI after cardiac surgery in recent years.

Bacteriophages bind to the bacteria receptor through the receptor binding proteins (RBPs), a process that requires the involvement of complex atomic structures and conformational changes. In response to bacteriophage infection, bacteria have developed a variety of resistance mechanisms, while bacteriophages have also evolved multiple antagonistic mechanisms to escape host resistance. The exploration of the "adsorption-anti adsorption-escape process" between bacteriophages and bacteria helps us better understand the co-evolution process of bacteriophages and bacteria, which is important for the development of phage therapeutic technologies and phage-based biotechnologies. This review summarizes the bacteriophage adsorption related proteins, how bacteriophages escape host resistance based on the RBP alternations, and the recent progress of RBP-related biotechnologies.
Bacteria ; Bacteriophage Receptors ; Bacteriophages/genetics* ; Carrier Proteins ; Protein Binding