Being one of the main choices for treatment of lung cancer, surgery has developed enormously. Minimally invasive treatment of lung cancer includes video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS) and Muscle-sparing thoracotomy (MST) which are both feasible and safe for lobectomy, and both with less bleeding, less impairment of pulmonary and heart function, quicker return to full preoperative activities with less pain, fewer complications, and shorter length of stay mhospital than full postero-lateral thoracotomy. Muscle-sparing thoracotomy is simple and safe, providing adequate exposure,satisfying radical resection. So it could be the routine incision in resection of carcinoma and benign tumors in lung. Lacking prospective randomized study data, and with difficulties in dissecting mediastinal lymph nodes, and no difference in postoperative complications, length of stay in hospital, and survival rate, VATS could only be applied to selected patients for ‘easy’ lobectomies; but MST could be used in almost all the cases of lung cancer surgery.

Recent studies have shown that the loss-of-function LKB1 mutations occur in approximately 30% of human non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Studies from lung cancer animal models have demonstrated that functional loss of LKB1 dramatically promotes lung cancer invasion and progression, underscoring the essential role of LKB1 as a potent tumor suppressor involved in lung cancerigenesis, differentiation and metastasis. However, the relationship between loss-of-function LKB1 mutations and lung cancer prognosis remain largely unclear, therefore, we summarized the progress of the research on LKB1.

Surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization spectrometry (SELDI),as a new type of proteinchip technique,could easily and quickly acquire the information of proteins in all kinds of body fluid and tissue. It could be used in selecting new tumor markers,early diagnosis and evaluating the risk of tumors. This article introduces the principium of this ProteinChip technique,its application in clinic detection,and the outline of its future.

Objective To investigate the infection of chlamydiae trachomahs(CT) and myoplasmas in urogenital tract and antibiotic susceptibility of cultured genital myoplasmas.Methods 5095 patients with urogenital tract infection were detected with mycoplasma identification susceptibility testing reagent kit,and the drug susceptibility to eight antibiotics of ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) and mycoplasm hominid (Mh) were tested by broth microdilution method.And chlamydiae trachomatis was examined by golden standard method.Results In 5095 cases, 417cases(8 2%) were infected with chlamydiae trachomatis, and the infective rate in woman(11 2%) was statistically higher than that in man(6 2%). 1728 cases(33 9%) were infected with mycoplasma, and the infective rate in woman(43 0%) was statistically higher than that in man(28 0%).The cases infected with simple UU(1251,24 6%) were more than that in the cases infected with simple Mh(71,1 4%) and the mixed infected cases(406,8 0%). Drug sensitivity to erythromycin, roxithromycin, josamycin, azithromycin, doxycycline, minocin,ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin in Uu infection were 60 3%,67 5%,73 2%,85 3%,55 7%,40 1%,25 6%,2 7%,respectively;while the mixed infection of Mh and Uu had resistance to the eight antibiotics on the different degree.Conclusions The infective rate of chlamydiae trachomatis and myoplasma in urogential tract and the resistance rates to 8 antibiotics in Hunan province were in a higher level, compared with other area inland. It is necessary to develop antibiotic susceptibility test,in addition to the myoplasma culture for guiding the clinical therapy.

Bronchoscopy is a minimally invasive method for obtaining peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL). Traditional bronchoscopy-guided transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) is performed under X-ray guidance, and diagnostic rate is relatively low. A new, real-time electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) is a minimally invasive diagnostic technique which appeared in recent years. Studies suggest ENB is a feasible and safe method for diagnosis of PPL which shows higher diagnostic yields than traditional TBLB, and its potential application in localization and treatment of PPL. This article reviews the clinical application of the technique.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of minimally invasive muscle-sparing thoracotomy for gastric cardia tumor. Methods Minimally invasive muscle-sparing thoracotomy through the left 7th intercostal space was performed in 25 patients with gastric cardia tumor. Results Proximal gastrectomy and lower esophagectomy combined with esophagogastroanastomosis was performed in 20 patients with adenocarcinoma of gastric cardia and 4 patients with squamous cell carcinoma. Gastric fundus incision and tumor resection was conducted in 1 patient with hyperplastic polyps of gastric cardia. No perioperative mortality or serious complications were seen. Conclusions Minimally invasive muscle-sparing thoracotomy is simple and offers good exposure, being an alternative for carcinoma of gastric cardia in relatively early stages.

Objective To explore the feasibility and short-term efficacy of combined use of laparoscopic and thoracoscopic Ivor Lewis esophagectomy for the treatment of esophageal carcinoma.Methods A case of esophageal carcinoma was treated in our hospital in December 2007.Five trocars were used via laparoscopy to free the stomach and create a tube-like stomach.Afterwards,thoracoscopy was carried out via 4 trocars to remove the lesion and open the diaphragm,and then the tube-like stomach was pulled into the chest cavity and anastomosed to the chest wall.Results The operation time was 330 min,and the intraoperative blood loss was 200 ml.The lesion was removed completely with negative cutting edges.Postoperative pathological examination showed squamous cell carcinoma(stage T2N0M0).Follow-up was available for 3 months,during which no recurrence was found.Conclusion Laparoscopic and thoracoscopic Ivor Lewis esophagectomy is feasible and safe for the treatment of esophageal carcinoma.

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of ethanol precipitation in depleting the human serum albumin. Methods: Serum samples from 8 healthy controls and 8 lung adenocarcinoma patients were treated with 100% ethanol to deplete the albumin.The results of the albumin depletion were analyzed by 1-D gel electrophoresis and albumin quantitation. Results: After ethanol treatment,1-D gel images of the serum samples showed a near depletion of albumins a presence of low-abundance proteins.There was no difference in the 1-D gel images between the normal and lung adenocarcioma serum samples.The average concentrations of albumin in the ethanol-treated serum samples were(5.88 ? 0.35) g/L and(5.50 ? 0.53) g/L respectively in the control and lung adenocarcinoma groups.Conclusion: Ethanol precipitation can deplete most of the human serum albumins and thereby assist us in further analysis of human serum proteomics.

Production of bioethanol using starch as raw material has become a very prominent technology. However, phytate in the raw material not only decreases ethanol production efficiency, but also increases phosphorus discharge. In this study, to decrease phytate content in an ethanol fermentationprocess, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was engineered forheterologous expression of phytase on the cell surface. The phy gene encoding phytase gene was fused with the C-terminal-half region of α-agglutinin and then inserted downstream of the secretion signal gene, to produce a yeast surface-display expression vector pMGK-AG-phy, which was then transformed into S. cerevisiae. The recombinant yeast strain, PHY, successfully displayed phytase on the surface of cells producing 6.4 U/g wet cells and its properties were further characterized. The growthrate and ethanol production of the PHY strain were faster than the parent S. cerevisiae strain in the fermentation medium by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Moreover, the phytate concentration decreased by 91% in dry vinasse compared to the control. In summary, we constructed recombinant S. cerevisiae strain displaying phytase on the cell surface, which could effectively reduce the content of phytate, improve the utilization value of vinasse and reduce the discharge of phosphorus. The strain reported here represents a useful novel engineering platform for developing an environment-friendly system for bioethanol production from a corn substrate.
6-Phytase ; metabolism ; Biofuels ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Fermentation ; Industrial Microbiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; metabolism ; Starch ; chemistry ; Zea mays ; chemistry

Background and purpose:Lung cancer is currently the greatest threat to human life and health of the malignant tumor, clinical examination revealed a solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN), including a signiifcant portion of early stage lung cancer. The research aimed to discuss the diagnosis value of CT guidance Hookwire positioning thoracoscopic surgery for solitary pulmonary nodule. Methods:From Jul. 2011 to Jun. 2013, 310 SPN patients in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were collected. Hookwire positioning pins were retained guided by CT scan into the patients’ body. Video assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) pulmonary wedge resection was adopted. According to the result of intraoperative frozen pathology, further treatment method was decided. Positioning accuracy, complications, VATS lung wedge resection surgery successful rate, transfer rate in the chest and SPN pathological classiifcation and other indicators were calculated with statistical methods. Results:Hookwire positioning successful rate was 100%, meanwhile, 2 patients with hemoptysis received symptomatic treatment.Intraoperative Hookwire fell off in 12 patients (3.87%), VATS wedge resection surgery successful rate was 99%, transit thoracotomy was carried out in 3 patients. SPN postoperative histological pathology results:237 cases with primary lung cancer, 73 cases with benign lesions. Conclusion:The method of CT guided Hookwire thoracoscopic surgery after positioning in treatment of SPN has higher diagnostic accuracy rate, reliable curative effect, fewer complications and great value in clinical promotion.