Some Bemorheogical indexes of the middle-aged persom and the ages of "mental work pattem" health state were compared with that of the middle aged persen and the aged in general health in the paper, The authors found the values of the former were higher than that of the latter in varied degrees. Except the both sexes hematocrit and the male's erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the other inedxes of the both groups showed very significant differences. According to the cpidemiological data which showed the incidences of ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in the mental works were higher than that in the physical labourers, it is suggested that the differences of hemorheological characterislics in the both may be the one of the causes. The authors suggest that it should pay atterntion to health states of the middle aged person and the aged who had elementary normal conclusion in physical examination but they had abnormal high values of one or some hemorheological indexes.

Objective To study the changes of serum creatase and its clinical significance in patients with periodic paralysis.Methods The serum creatine phosphatase (CPK),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured by means of speed rate method in 103 patients of periodic paralysis and 35 healthy persons as the control group. The relationship between increased serum creatase levels and the clinic findings was analyzed.Results Compared with the controls, all kinds of serum creatase levels in the patients elevated in different levels, and the differences were significant (all P

Objective To explore the effect of token on the pain and compliance of wound care of postoperative children with hypospadias, and provide evidence for the pain management and psycho-behavior intervention of children. Methods Selected 80 cases of hypospadias and they were assigned to the experience group and the control group. The control group was guided by conventional nursing intervention method while the experience group was guided by token intervention. Compare the pain score and compliance of two groups. Results The pain score of the experience group were (2.65±1.89), (2.40± 1.73), (2.10±1.43) points, the control group were (4.10±2.52), (3.35±2.09), (2.90±1.75) points. There were significant differences between the two groups (t=2.912, 2.399,- 2.239, all P<0.05). There were significant differences between the two groups for the compliance (χ2=5.415, 7.587, 9.372, all P<0.05). Conclusion Token can relief the pain of wound care of postoperative children with hypospadias, increase the compliance of wound care of the children.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairments are often accompanied in patients with silent cerebral infarction (SCI) and depression, and there is still no reliable objective assessing method for the evaluation.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to probe into the value of auditory P300 in detecting the cognitive impairment in SCI patients with depression.DESIGN: A golden standard control study.SETTING: Department of Neurology, Xi 'an Central Hospital; Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Xi' an Jiao Tong University.PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-eight SCI patients were selected from the Outpatient Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Xi' an Jiao Tong University between January 2002 to May 2003, including 10 got dizziness,11 got poor concentration, 8 got headache, 5 got numbness of extremities and 4 got syncope. Among them, 26 were detected by CT and 12 by MRI.The patients'aged 45 to 63 years with mean age of (57.3±5.1) years, including 20 males and 18 females.METHODS: The existence of depressive symptoms was measured with the 17-item Hamilton depression scale (HAMD). In this scale, the total score ranged from 0 to 52, with higher score indicating more severe depressive symptoms, and the patient was considered as having depression if the HAMD score was ≥ 9. HAMD tests were administered by two psychiatrists,who were experienced in psychiatric disorders in stroke and other somatic diseases, and the two psychiatrists had a better coincidence (Kappa=0.86 -0.91). The auditory event related potential was detected with MYTO serial cerebra induced potential meter, while lying in a bed placed in a sound-attenuated room. Auditory stimuli were delivered binaurally through headphones. The subject was required to distinguish between the tones by noting the occurrence of the target and not to respond to the standard. All patients underwent a routine experimental test at first, and then a normal test was performed to obtain a better coincidence. Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was conducted for the 38 patients by specialized training neurologist to assess the cognitive impairment, in which the total score ranged from 0 to 30, with lower score indicating greater impairment. The criteria of intellectual deterioration was defined on the basis of educational level:MMSE score of 17 for illiterate, 20 for primary school and 24 for middle school and above.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The score of MMSE, latent period of P300 wave and amplitude of P300 wave were mainly observed.RESULTS: All the 38 cases were involved in the final statistical analyhave depressive symptoms (47%, depression group) and 20 had no depresindexes and score of MMSE between the SCI patients with and without depression: As compared with the SCI patients without depression, the P300 latent period was obviously prolonged, the P300 amplitude and MMSE score were markedly decreased in the SCI patients with depression [(383.3±31.1), (347.2±37.3) ms; (5.6±0.7), (9.9±1.6) μV; (15.2±1.1),and P300 indexes: In the SCI patients with depression, the P300 latent period had significant negative correlation with the MMSE score (r=-0.549, P ＜ 0.05), the P300 amplitude had significant positive correlation with the MMSE score (r =0.525, P ＜ 0.05). However, there was no correlation between the latent period and amplitude of P300 and the MMSE score in the SCI patients without depression (r=-0.349 to 0.065, P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Depression and cognitive impairments may have the same pathophysiological basis in SCI patients. P300 can be used as a referential and objective method to analyze the cognitive function in SCI patients with depression.

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥6.5％ for diabetes in Chinese adults with oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) as the reference standard.Methods Major databases were searched to get all diagnostic tests with HbA1c ≥ 6.5％ for diabetes in Chinese adults.QUADAS items were used to evaluate the quality of the eligible studies.Meta-disc software was used to perform comprehensive quantitative assessment for all included studies and summary ROC (SROC) curve were drawn.Results A total of 11 studies were included.The outcomes of the diagnostic value with HbA1c ≥6.5％ were as the following:pooled sensitivity 0.62 (95％ CI:0.60-0.64),pooled specificity 0.96 (95％ CI:0.95-0.96),diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) 40.25 (95％ CI:20.79-77.95) and AUCSROC 0.7702 (sx =0.0636).Conclusions The diagnostic specificity is pretty high for the diagnostic test with HbA1c ≥6.5％,while sensitivity is low.Combination of HbA1c and glucose tests is needed to reduce the missed diagnosis rate.

OBJECTIVE: To enhance the standardization of prescription administration and to improve the prescription quality. METHODS: The administration method 6? was introduced. The five steps of defining, measuring, analyzing, improving and controlling (DMAIC) in 6? method were implemented step by step to realize the quality control on the prescriptions in outpatient service . RESULTS: The defective rates of prescriptions before and after the introduction of this method were18.75% and 5.78%, respectively(P

Objective To understand the diagnostic value of blink reflex (BR) in central neuropathy by observing the variations of blink reflex in diabetic patients. Methods Electrical pulse was used to stimulate the supraorbital nerve at the supraorbital notch. The responses of bilateral orbicular muscles of the eye were recorded, the variations of the latency and amplitude of R 1 and R 2 recorded on the side of stimulation and of R′ 2 recorded on the contralateral side were measured. Results There was significant prolongation in the latency and lowering of the amplitude of R 1, R 2 and R′ 2 in the diabetic patients compared with the control group. The abnormality rate of BR increased gradually with the prolongation of diabetic duration. Conclusion BR examination might provide an objective index for nervous damage in diabetic patients and it is helpful in early diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy.

Objective To evaluate the effectivity and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin in patients with ST-segment elevation acute yocardial infarction(AMI).Methods We searched for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and quasi-RCTs in the following electronic databases:PubMed,EMBASE,The Cochrane Library(Issue 3,2007),CBM,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang.Quality assessment and data extraction were conducted by two reviewers independently.Disagreement were resolved through discussion.All data were analyzed by using Review Manager 4.2. Results Ten studies involving a total of 52 433 participants met the inclusion criteria.Metaanalysis results showed that:(1)Compared with aspirin alone,the incidence rates of death caused by any reason(RR=0.91,95% CI:0.85～0.97),recurrent myocardial infarction(RR=0.80,95% CI:0.72～0.89),stroke(RR=0.81,95% CI:0.68～0.96),post-infarction angina(RR=0.35,95% CI:0.19～0.66),incoronary thrombus(RR=0.73,95% CI:0.64～0.83)and the combined endpoint events of death,reinfarction or stroke(RR=0.89,95% CI:0.84～0.95)could be reduced by clopidogrel and aspirin.(2)There were no significant differences in ameliorating the cardiac function and increasing TIMI blood flow of infarct-related artery between the two groups RR=0.97,95% CI:0.92～1.03;RR=1.14,95% CI:1.00～1.30;both P＞0.05.(3)There was no significant difference in bleeding between the tWO groups(RR=1.11,95% CI:0.92～1.34). Conclusions Compared with aspirin alone,clopidogrel plus aspirin has good effects on reducing the incidence rates of death caused by any reason,recurrent myocardial infarction,stroke,post-infarction angina,incoronary thrombus and the combined endpoint events of death,reinfarction or stroke in patients with ST-segment elevation AMI,and it has the same efficacy in ameliorating the cardiac function,increasing TIMI blood flow of infarct-related artery and bleeding.

AIM: To investigate the effects of metformin on airway inflammation, remodeling and neovascularization in a mouse model of chronic asthma and its possible mechanisms.METHODS: BALB/c mice were randomly divided into saline group, ovalbumin (OVA) group and OVA+metformin group, with 8 in each.At the end of OVA exposure, blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected for the measurement of OVA specific IgE and leukocyte counts.Lung tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid-Schiff and Masson's trichrome to detect inflammatory cell infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, and collagen deposition around the airway, respectively.Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the number and percentage area of new blood vessels (CD31+), and the protein level of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) in the airway.RESULTS: Compared with saline group, the eosinophil percentage and OVA specific IgE in serum in OVA group were all increased obviously (P<0.01).Metformin inhibited the above increases (P<0.05).Compared with control group, a marked increase in inflammation infiltration, PAS+ cells and collage deposition in the airway mucosa in OVA group were observed.Metformin partially relieved the above changes.CD31+ vessels in the wall of bronchi showed the abundance of blood vessels observed in OVA group compared with control group, which was suppressed by the treatment with metformin (P<0.05).The protein level of p-AMPK was reduced in the lung tissue challenged with OVA as compared with control group (P<0.05), while metformin increased the protein level of p-AMPK (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The protein level of p-AMPK in the airway in OVA group is attenuated.Metformin effectively inhibits airway inflammation, remodeling and neovascularization possibly via activating AMPK signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the safety, efficacy and key points of technology of endovascular embolization for ruptured wide-necked aneurysms of anterior communicating arteries. Methods The clinical, DSA imaging, interventional treatment and follow-up data of 35 patients with ruptured wide-neck aneurysms of anterior communicating arteries were analyzed retrospectively. Results Immediate postoperative angiography of the 35 patients found 100% occlusion were achieved in 29 (82.9%), 90% occlusion were achieved in 5 (14.3%), and 80%occlusion was achieved in 1 (2.8%). One patient had occlusion in ipsilateral anterior cerebral artery , whose blood vessel was patent after thrombosis. One patient had intraoperative aneurysm rupture. One patient had cerebral infaraction of anterior cerebral artery after the operation. Clinical follow-up was made from 6 to 60 months , and no aneurysms ruptured was found. 21 patients were followed up for 6 to 60 months with DSA. Two of them experienced recurrence, and they were not treated with supplementary packing. Conclusion Endovascular embolization for ruptured wide-necked aneurysms of anterior communicating arteries is more difficult , but it is safe and effective. Flexible choosing of various kinds of embolism technique and designing the most optimal embolism treatment plan are the keys to the improvement of embolization effect.