Background:Secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine( SLC)is involved in lymphoid homing and anti-tumor immune response,and has a chemotactic effect on intestinal lymphocytes. Several animal studies have shown that SLC is involved in the occurrence and development of ulcerative colitis( UC). Aims:To investigate the expression and significance of SLC in UC. Methods:Forty active UC patients from Dec. 2010 to Dec. 2012 at Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University were enrolled,and 20 healthy volunteers were served as controls. Expression of SLC in the colon mucosa was detected by immunohistochemistry,and its relationship with severity of UC was analyzed. Results:SLC was positively expressed in all UC patients,while was negatively or weakly positively expressed in controls. Expression of SLC in UC patients was significantly higher than that in controls(4. 16 ± 0. 78 vs. 0. 52 ± 0. 11,P<0. 05). Expression of SLC was correlated with the severity of involvement of UC. Conclusions:Expression of SLC participates in development and progress of UC. SLC may play an important role in the induction of local damage and pathological changes of UC.

Objective To investigate the action mechanism of glutamate-mediated signaling pathway in malignant melanoma. Methods WM451LU melanoma cells in log phase were classified into 6 groups, negative control group treated with PBS (100 μl), MK801 group treated with the non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK-801 (100 μmol/L), CPCCOEt group treated with non-competitive metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) antagonist CPCCOEt, MAP2 group transfected with adenovirus vector containing microtubule associated protein 2a (Ad-MAP2a), MK801 + MAP2 group treated with MK801 of 100 μmol/L and transfected with Ad-MAP2a, CPCCOEt + MAP2 group treated with CPCCOEt of 10 μmol/L and transfected with Ad-MAP2a. Western blot was performed to detect the expression of an ionotropic glutamate receptor, i.e., N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor type 2A (NMDAR2A) in WM451LU cells transfected with Ad-MAP2a. Scratch motility assay and cell invasion assay were conducted in vitro to detect the changes in migration and invasion ability of WM451LU cells after treated with Ad-MAP2a, MK-801, CPCCOEt alone or in combination. In vivo study was carried out to compare the inhibitory effect of the above treatments on melanoma. Results Western blot revealed a decrease in the expression of NMDAR2A in WM451LU cells after transfected with Ad-MAP2a. The scratch motility assay showed that the number of migrating cells per high power field was 117.04 ± 2.76 in MAP2 group,107.64 ± 6.50 in MK801 group,97.36 ± 4.79 in CPCCOEt group, 43.28 ± 3.02 in MK801 + MAP2 group,30.76 ± 3.97 in CPCCOEt + MAP2 group,significantly different from that in the negative control group (152.3 ± 5.75,all P ＜ 0.01 ). Cell invasion assay demonstrated that the average number of invading cells per high power field in the negative control was significantly higher than that in MAP2 group, MK801 group, CPCCOEt group, MK801+MAP2 group and CPCCOEt + MAP2 group (170.43 ±8.72 vs. 98.26 ± 3.84, 97.22 ± 5.54, 112.23 ± 7.21, 42.89 ± 5.06, 58.25 ± 6.68, P ＜ 0.05, 0.05, 0.05, 0.01and 0.01, respectively).A significant decrease was observed in the average volume of experimental melanoma in mice of MAP2 group, MK801 group, MK801 + MAP2 group, CPCCOEt group and CPCCOEt + MAP2 group compared with the negative control group (224.02 ± 46.19 mm3, 160.33 ± 33.91 mm3, 91.49 ± 21.48 mm3,202.30 ± 52.37 mm3, 111.13 ± 69.81 mm3 vs. 342.70 ± 60.92 mm3, all P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions To block the glutamate signaling pathway in vitro can inhibit the invasion and migration of melanoma cells, and to block the pathway in vivo can inhibit the growth of malignant melanoma and alter the morphology of melanoma cells.

Objective To investigate the safety, efficacy and key points of technology of endovascular embolization for ruptured wide-necked aneurysms of anterior communicating arteries. Methods The clinical, DSA imaging, interventional treatment and follow-up data of 35 patients with ruptured wide-neck aneurysms of anterior communicating arteries were analyzed retrospectively. Results Immediate postoperative angiography of the 35 patients found 100% occlusion were achieved in 29 (82.9%), 90% occlusion were achieved in 5 (14.3%), and 80%occlusion was achieved in 1 (2.8%). One patient had occlusion in ipsilateral anterior cerebral artery , whose blood vessel was patent after thrombosis. One patient had intraoperative aneurysm rupture. One patient had cerebral infaraction of anterior cerebral artery after the operation. Clinical follow-up was made from 6 to 60 months , and no aneurysms ruptured was found. 21 patients were followed up for 6 to 60 months with DSA. Two of them experienced recurrence, and they were not treated with supplementary packing. Conclusion Endovascular embolization for ruptured wide-necked aneurysms of anterior communicating arteries is more difficult , but it is safe and effective. Flexible choosing of various kinds of embolism technique and designing the most optimal embolism treatment plan are the keys to the improvement of embolization effect.

Objective To analyze the effect of high and low dose radiation on the expressions of Th1,Th2 and Th3 /Tr1 related-genes in mice thymocytes and investigate the possible underlying molecular mechanism.Methods ICR mice were randomly divided into low-dose group (0.075 Gy),high-dose group (2.0 Gy) and sham-control group.The mouse thymus tissue was extracted at 16 hours after irradiation and the expressions of Th1-Th2-Th3 related genes were measured by PCR array.Results Eight genes were up-regulated and five genes were down-regulated after low dose radiation (0.075 Gy);while 54 genes were up-regulated and three genes were down-regulated after high dose (2.0 Gy) radiation.These genes included Th1 cell related genes,Th2 cell related genes,Th3/Tr1 cell related genes,Th1/Th2 immune response genes and transcription factor related genes.Low dose radiation induced up-regulation of Stat4 and Socs1 of genes related to the Th1 cells,and it induced down-regulation of IL-4ra,Cebpb,Gata3 and Tgfb3 associated with Th2 and Th3 cells,which lead to Sftpd genes up-regulation of Th1 immune response eventually.The high dose radiation up-regulated all of Th1,Th2 and Th3/Tr related genes and also enhanced the expressions of Cd86,IL-18,IL-10 and Irf4 genes related to Th2 immune response,but it did not alter the gene expression of Th1 immune response.Conclusions Low-dose radiation induces Th1-type immune response,while high doses radiation triggers Th2 type immune response.

Objective To explore the effect of miR-9 on the expression of NRP1 and its radiation effects in A549 cells.Methods Bioinformatics was used to analyze the potential binding sites of has-miR-9 and NRP1-3'UTR.The miR-9 sequence was inserted into pcDNA-DEST-47 plasmid to construct the eukaryotic expression vector (pcDNA-DEST-miR-9) and to construct the NRP1 gene 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid (pEZX-MT05) at the same time.They were simultaneously transferred into A549 cells for analysis of the regulatory effect of miR-9 on the expression of NRP1.Meanwhile miR-29b was used as a negative control to observe whether or not NRP1 gene was a target of miR-9.After 10 Gy irradiation,the expression of NRP1,and the inhibitory effect of miR-9 on it was confirmed by Western blot assay.The expression of miR-9 was detected by real-time PCR.Results It was found that miR-9 reduced the luciferase activity of NRP1-3'UTR wild plasmid (t =3.906,P ＜ 0.05) but not NRP1-3' UTR mutant plasmid.This luciferase activity was not inhibited by other types of miRNA (miR-29b).The expression of NRP1 protein in A549 cells was decreased after the cells were transfected with miR-9 mimic.After irradiation with dose of 10 Gy,the expression of miR-9 were decreased (t =37.319,P ＜ 0.05) and the expression of NRP1 protein were increased.Conclusions miR-9 regulates the expression of NRP1 by targeting 3'UTR site of NRP1 gene in A549 cells.

Means of information technology can achieve information sharing and optimize the management process, and tackle the challenges encountered in the process of ophthalmic day surgery, namely surgery appointment, patient education, ward management and patient follow-up. The authors analyzed the current situation and challenges of day surgeries at an ophthalmic hospital, and presented its practices in building and using the day ophthalmic surgery informationized management system by such information technology means as cloud computation, artificial intelligence and face recognition. This system comprised the day surgery pre-hospitalization management system, Internet platform for wards, follow-up management platform, electronic medical archiving of day surgery, and specialized nursing robot for day surgery process. As compared with the data one year before and after the system in place, the rate of missed surgery, unplanned secondary surgery and patient satisfaction before and after, fell from 2.40% and 0.24% before to 1.00% and 0.08% after. In addition, patient satisfaction increased from 94.5% before to 99.1% after. All the differences were significant statistically( P<0.01). This system can help patients in medical access, and ensure the medical safety and efficiency of day surgeries, serving as a good reference for ophthalmic departments of other hospitals in building their informationized system for ophthalmic day surgeries.

Exploding head syndrome (EHS) is a sleep disorder that is easily missed diagnosed and misdiagnosed in Neurology. Its long-term existence can seriously affect the quality of life of patients; therefore, early and accurate identification of EHS and early intervention are very important. This article summarizes the recent advance in EHS in recent years from the aspects of etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis as follows, in order to deepen the understanding of clinical colleagues.

Exploding head syndrome (EHS) is a sleep disorder that is easily missed diagnosed and misdiagnosed in Neurology. Its long-term existence can seriously affect the quality of life of patients; therefore, early and accurate identification of EHS and early intervention are very important. This article summarizes the recent advance in EHS in recent years from the aspects of etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis as follows, in order to deepen the understanding of clinical colleagues.

【Objective】 To observe the effect of puerarin on the concentration of Ca²⁺ and the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in hippocampal neurons of vascular dementia (VD) rats so as to explore the mechanism of puerarin in protecting nerve cells. 【Methods】 Male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, and puerarin intervention group. The vascular dementia model was established by ligating bilateral common carotid arteries at intervals of 3 days. Two weeks after the operation, the learning and memory abilities of the rats were evaluated by Morris water maze, and the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus of the rats was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The mean fluorescence intensity was measured by flow cytometry to represent the intracellular free Ca²⁺ concentration. 【Results】 In the puerarin intervention group, the rats’ escape latency in Morris water maze was significantly shortened, the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus was significantly increased, and the concentration of Ca²⁺ in hippocampal neurons was decreased. Compared with the model group, the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Puerarin has neuroprotective effect on VD rats, and its mechanism may be related to the decrease of Ca²⁺ concentration in hippocampal neurons and the up-regulation of BDNF expression.

OBJECTIVE: To study the protective effect of enhanced peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) pathway against apoptosis of long-term cultured primary nerve cells. METHODS: A natural aging model was established in primary rat nerve cells by long-term culture for 22 days. The cells were divided into control group, 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, and 10 μmol/L GW9662 intervention groups, and 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, and 10 μmol/L pioglitazone intervention groups. The cell viability was assessed using MTT assay and the cell morphological changes were observed after the treatments to determine the optimal concentrations of GW9662 and pioglitazone. Double immunofluorescence labeling and flow cytometry were used to observe the changes in the number of viable cells and cell apoptosis following the treatments; immunocytochemical staining was used to assess the changes in the anti-oxidation ability of the treated cells. RESULTS: The optimal concentrations of GW9662 and pioglitazone determined based on the cell viability and morphological changes were both 1 μmol/L. Compared with the control group, GW9662 treatment significantly lowered while pioglitazone significantly increased the total cell number and nerve cell counts ( < 0.05), and nerve cells in the cell cultures maintained a constant ratio at about 80% in all the groups ( > 0.05). GW9662 significantly enhanced while pioglitazone significantly lowered the cell apoptosis rates compared with the control group ( < 0.05). GW9662 obviously lowered SOD activity and GSH content in G group ( < 0.05) and increased MDA content in the cells ( < 0.05), and pioglitazone resulted in reverse changes in SOD, GSH and MDA contents in the cells ( < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Activation of PPARγ pathway protects long-term cultured primary nerve cells by enhancing cellular anti-oxidant capacity and reducing cell apoptosis, suggesting a potential strategy for anti-aging treatment of the nervous system through intervention of the PPARγ pathway.
Anilides ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Cellular Senescence ; physiology ; Neurons ; cytology ; PPAR gamma ; metabolism ; Pioglitazone ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Rats