Objective To analyzes the CT manifestations of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH). Methods CT features of 11 patients with PLCH proved pathologically were analyzed retrospectively. Results The main findings in 11 PLCHs were cysts and nodules. Two cases only had cysts,and 1 only had nodules, which most had cavitations. The other 8 cases showed cysts and nodules with 4 cases mainly manifested with cysts and nine mainly manifested with nodules. Two cases had pulmonary interstitial changes. One case only had cysts in the left upper lung field and 10 cases had lesions not only in the upper and middle but in the lower lung field, which 2 cases had more lesions in the lower and costophrenic angle field and 8 cases had less lesions in the costo-phrenic angle field. Three of these 8 cases had more lesions in the superior lobe and apical segment of lower lobe. Conclusion CT manifestations of PLCH are helpful for the early diagnosis.

Objective To analyze the clinical and CT manifestations of the chest and abdomen lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). Methods The clinical and CT manifestations of 13 patients with LAM proved histopathologically were reviewed retrospectively.Results Twelve patients onset with intrapulmonary manifestations all had progressive dyspnea, other symptoms included pneumothorax of recurrent attacks, chest distress, hemoptysis, cough, chylothorax and so on. During the course of disease, 12 patients had no extrapulmonary symptoms, abdominal great goiter was found unintentionally in the rest one without any intrapulmonary symptoms. Pectoral CT manifestations included sporadic or asystematic cysts in pulmones with size of 2-20 mm, and most had thin and clear capsule wall. The lung parenchyma among cysts was mostly normal. Four patients had pneumatocele, 2 had pleural effusion. Abdominal CT was performed in 10 patients and 7 had abnormal findings: renal angiolipoleiomyoma (ALL) in 3 including one had retroperitoneal multiple lymphangiomyomas and effussion and seroperitoneum, another 2 had multiple liver ALL and spleen accretion. The rest 4 patients included retroperitoneal lymphadenectasis in 2, seroperitoneum in one, as well as retroperitoneal lump and spleen accretion in one patient.Conclusion Pectoral and abdominal symptoms in LAM are not specific, but the CT manifestations somehow specific, which are helpful to the identification and early diagnosis of LAM.

Objective To analyze the clinical and CT manifestations of lung involvement of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). Methods The clinical manifestations,laboratory ANCA examinations and CT features of 16 patients with lung involvement of MPA were retrospectively reviewed. Results (1) Clinical manifestations: 11 cases had hemoptysis or bloody sputum. Eight cases, who first presented with lung symptoms, were misdiagnosed with other lung diseases. All cases had mulfiorgans injuries involved kidney, cardiovascular and endocrine system, etc. (2) Laboratory examinations: all cases were pANCA positive and 14 cases were MPO-ANCA positive. (3) CT examinations: all cases had interstitial changes, 15 cases were interstitial predominately and 1 case was parenchymal predominately. Eight cases had pulmonary interstitial fibrosis and 11 cases had consolidation and 6 of them had both interstitial and consolidation. Two case had accompanied multiple nodulesand one of them had multiple cavitates. Six cases had mediastinal lymphoadenopathy. Conclusions Most of MPA patients have clinical manifestations of hemoptysis and bloody sputum, the CT examination show interstitial lung disease. Middle or advanced age population presented with above-mentioned manifestations should be alert to MPA, whether or not they have kidney and other organs injury.

Purpose To investigate MRI features of encephalitis in children with severe hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD). Materials and Methods The MR images of 85 cases of clinically diagnosed encephalitis in severe HFMD patients were retrospectively reviewed. Results In 85 patients, plain MRI was negative in 28;57 cases were positive including 10 cases showing punctate or patchy lesions in cerebral hemisphere, callosum, thalamus and cerebellar vermis with isointensity or slightly hypointensity on T1WI, isointensity or slightly hyperintensity on T2WI, and hyperintensity on T2FLAIR and DWI. In 47 cases, the lesions were located in the brainstem, tegmentum of pons and medulla oblongata. MRI features included symmetric high signal on DWI in posterior portions of brainstem, hypointensity or isointensity on T1WI and hyperintensity or isointensity on T2WI and T2FLAIR (n=17);patchy long T1, long T2 signal in posterior portions of brainstem, normal or mild hyperintensity on DWI, hyperintensity on T2FLAIR (n=30); lesion extending around the fourth ventricle in 9 patients, one of which involved bilateral cerebral peduncles. Conclusion Encephalitis in children with severe HFMD has characteristic MRI features. The lesions are mostly located in the posterior portion of the brainstem. DWI and T2FLAIR can better detection lesions.