OBJECTIVE To learn the condition of nosocomial infection in our hospital,and enforce the prevention and therapy of nosocomial infection.METHODS A total of 8413 inpatients of our hospital in 2006 monitored prospectively and investigated retrospectively.RESULTS A total of 188 patients suffered from nosocomial infection.The rate of infection was 2.23%.The sites of infection were mainly in respiratory tract(30.30%),skin soft tissue(28.79%),gastrointestinal trackt(14.14%) and operative infection(10.10%).The pathogenic bacteria of hospital infection were mainly G+ bacteria(58.14%).CONCLUSIONS Analyzing the risk factors of nosocomial infection,monitoring the pathogens,aseptic manipulation,strictly proper antibiotics usage,and protecting the susceptible population in hospital,all the measures are effective to reduce nosocomial infection.

Objective To research the effect of PEGylation on rBla g 2 from Blattella germanica.Methods rBla g 2 allergen expressed in E.coli was purified by Ni+affinity chromatographY,then was PEGylated by mPEG2-NHS(Mr,10×103).The PEG-rBla g 2 was purified by CM-Sepharose,a cation exchange chromatography. SDS-PAGE,Western blot and ELISA were used to characterize its biologicat actovoty.Results The relative molecular mass of the purified rBla g 2 was about 39×1023.PEG-rBla g 2 was analyzed by SDS-PAGE.Five bands were visualized by staining with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250,while seven bands by staining with I2-KI.Cation exchange chromatography could separate rBla g 2 and PEG-rBla g 2.The 100×103(Mr)and 130×103(Mr)of PEG-rBla g 2 could combined with the special IgE from sera of one cockroach-allergic patient by Western blot.The immunological activities of PEG-rBla g 2 in vitro decreased remarkablv bv ELISA,which was only 42%of rBla g 2.Conclusion PEGylated allergen can retain the ability of combining with special IgE from sera,while its immunological activities reduce enormously,which establishes the basic work of researching recombinant low-sensitive allergens.

OBJECTIVE To learn the condition of nosocomial infection of lower respiratory tract,so as to take effective measures to prevent and control it. METHODS A total of 10351 inpatients of our hospital from Mar 2007 to Mar 2008 were monitored prospectively and investigated retrospectively. RESULTS Of 234 nosocomial infection events,the lower respiratory tract infection occupied 80 events which the infection rate was the highest (34.19%) and mainly happened in internal medicine (33.75%) and neurosurgery (25.0%) departments. The pathogenic bacteria of hospital infection were mainly G-bacteria (50.94%). CONCLUSIONS The primary affection should be actively treated with strictly aseptic manipulation,reasonable application of antibiotics and strengthening disinfection and management of wards. All the measures are effective,to prevent the lower respiratory tract infection.

Objective A systematic study to classify mixed gallbladder stones to determine their relationship with Clonorchis sinensis infection.Methods 349 consecutive patients with mixed gallbladder stones were enrolled into this study and their gallstones were studied.The material composition of gallbladder stones was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy,and the distribution and microstructure of the material components were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy.The composition and distribution of the elements were analyzed by an X-ray energy spectrometer.Gallbladder stones were classified accordingly,and the stones were then grinded for microscopic examination.The stones were divided into two groups based on the results of detection of clonorchis sinensis eggs.Patients were also divided into two groups according to the patients' region (high-incidence and low-incidence regions of Clonorchis sinensis infection).The diversity of the subtypes of mixed gallbladder stones was compared.Results 14 subtypes were found,including Bilirubinate-calcium carbonate mixed stones (n =134),Cholesterol-bilirubinate mixed stones (n =87),Bilirubinate-phosphate mixed stones (n =39),Cholesterol-calcium carbonate mixed stones (n =30),Cholesterol-bilirubinate-calcium carbonate mixed stones (n =15),etc.Bilirubinate-calcium carbonate mixed stones were the main subtype of egg-positive mixed gallbladder stones and the patients were from high-incidence regions.Cholesterol-bilirubinate mixed stones were the main subtype of egg-negative mixed gallbladder stones and patients were from low-incidence regions.The differences of the subtypes constituent between the high-incidence and low-incidence regions groups were significant (P ＜ 0.05),and between the egg-positive and egg-negative groups were also significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The most common subtypes of mixed gallbladder stones were bilirubinate-calcium carbonate mixed stones,while the second was cholesterol-bilirubinate mixed stones.Clonorchis sinensis infection was mainly associated with Bilirubinatecalcium carbonate mixed stones.

To investigate the therapeutical effect of the chitosan (CS) nana-paritclessingle administration of Bla g 7 polypeptide - CS nanoparticles used as a BLa g7 polypeptide antigen in the sensitized mice and to explore its immune mechanism, the polypeptide Bla g 7 was enclosed into CS to develop the Bla g 7 polypeptide entrapped CS nano-particles. In the present experiment, 25 BALB/c mice were divided randomly into the Bla g 7 polypeptide treated group(group A , n= 5) , Bla g 7 polypeptide plus CS treated group(group B , n= 5) , CS=control group (group C , n= 5),model group (group D , n= 5) and negative control group (group E, n= 5), After sensitization by intraperitoneal route and challenged by intranasal instillation with crude extracts of German cockroach , the inflammatory changes in the mouse lung tissues were observed after the lung tissues were fixed and stained with haematoxylin and eosin(H&E). The total cell number and the cellular composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected; and the changes of the mouse airway hyper-reactivity were determined by the whole body plethysmograohy pre-and post-treatments. In these ways, the Bla g7 peptide CS nano-particel vaccine was successfully developed. It was found that the pathological changes in mouse lungs in group D were not so prominent in comparison with those of group A of mice sensitized with crude extract of German cockroach. in which the development of eosinophil infiltration in the airway of mice in D group could be demonstrated. The lung inflammatory reactions and the mucus secretion in lungs of D group were significantly alleviated than those of the B group. but there was no therapeutical effect for the mice fed with the isodoses of Bla g 7 polypeptide or CS. It was also shown that the airway hyper-reactivity of mice was depressed after treatment (P<0.05). It is evident that CS nano-particles show definite therapeutical effect and may serve as a powerful vehicle to improve the tolerance effect of the Bla g 7 polypeptide-CS nanoparticle vaccine, and a single administration of Bla g 7 polypeptide-CS nanoparticle vaccine may hold promise as a new strategy to desensitize the Bla g 7 sensitized disease.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of lymph node fine-needle aspiration (FNA)Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-DNA concentration detection in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cervical lymph node metastasis.Methods From August to December 2016,36 cases of NPC and 9 cases of other tumors (not correlated with EBV infection) were enrolled in this study at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center.All patients received magnetic resonance images (MRI),plasma and cervical lymph node FNA EBV-DNA detection.Results The median concentration of EBV-DNA in FNA fluid (1.39 × 105 copies/ml) in cervical lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than that in plasma (2.00 × 103 copies/ml),with a significant difference (x2 =16.723,P =0.004).The diagnosis sensitivity,specificity,accuracy of the lymph node FNA fluid of EBV-DNA were 86.2％ (25/29),71.4％ (10/14) and 81.4％ (35/43) respectively,which were better than those of MRI [72.4％ (21/29),50.0％ (7/14) and 65.1％ (28/43) respectively] and plasma EBV-DNA [55.2％ (16/29),71.4％ (10/14) and 60.5％ (26/43) respectively].The area under the curve (AUC) of level Ⅰ b cervical lymph node metastasis was calculated,and FNA fluid EBV-DNA (AUC =0.688)was better than MRI (AUC =0.583),with a significant difference (Z =2.476,P =0.008).The EBV-DNA concentration in FNA fluid in cervical lymph node metastasis of patients with other tumors (no correlated with EBV infection) was 0 copy/ml.Conclusion FNA fluid EBV-DNA may improve the diagnostic sensitivity of cervical lymph node metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma,and help to explore the clinical target volume neck nodes at level Ⅰ b cervical lymph node in radiotherapy.