OBJECTIVE:To optimize the precipitation process of the extract of Folium Isatidis using chitosan and ZTC1+ 1-Ⅱ natural clarify agents.METHODS:Using the remaining rates of polysaccharide and indirubin and the defecation level as indexes,the optimum process of removing impurity was investigated with single-factor test.RESULTS:The optimum process conditions were as follows:chitosan:precipitating the extract solution which was condensed to 1∶10(herb:the herb solution) with the concentration of chitosan clarify agent at 8% at a heating temperature of 50 ℃;ZTC1+1-Ⅱ:precipitating the extract solution which was condensed to 1∶10(herb:the herb solution) with the concentration of chitosan clarify agent at 5% and the heating temperature at 70 ℃,and the adding sequence of ZTC 1+1-Ⅱ natural clarify agents was clarifier B before clarifier A.CONCLUSION:Chitosan and ZTC1+1-Ⅱ natural clarify agents can be used to effectively remove the impunity of extract of Folium Isatidis.

Objective:To explore the effect of health management on morbidity risk of hypertension in population with endotheliocyte nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS)gene G894T mutation.Methods:A total of 360 cases,who were 45~60 years old and possessed eNOS gene G894T mutation but without hypertension,were screened using gene chips detection from people who received physical examination and recreation in Qingdao sanatorium and patients visiting to affiliated hospital of medical college of Qingdao University from Jun 2010 to Jun 2013. According to their compli-ance condition,they were divided into health management group (n=163)and control group (n=197,continued their intrinsical lifestyle).Both groups were followed up for two years,and their incidence rates of hypertension were compared.Results:After two-year follow-up,a total of 17 cases (10.43%)were diagnosed as hypertension a-mong 163 cases of health management group;it was significantly lower than that in control group (24.87%,χ2 =12.43,P =0.001).Conclusion:Scientific health management can effectively reduce incidence rate of hypertension in population with eNOS gene G894T mutation.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the source of Schistosoma japonicum infections and sociological factors among mobile populations in Haining City, so as to provide insights into the management of schistosomiasis among mobile populations in Haining City. Methods A total of 12 villages were randomly sampled from 8 townships and 4 subdistricts in Haining City. The mobile populations from schistosomiasis-endemic areas were detected for S. japonicum infections using serological tests. In addition, the awareness of schistosomiasis prevention and control knowledge was investigated using a questionnaire survey. Results A total of 1 019 mobile populations were investigated in 12 villages from Haining City, and 23 sero-positives were found, with a positive rate of 2.26%; however, no egg-positives were detected. Logistic regression analysis showed that the mobile populations with original occupations of aquaculture and husbandry were more likely to be sero-positive. The mobile populations had an overall low awareness rate of schistosomiasis prevention and control knowledge, and a higher rate was seen in sero-positive than in sero-negatives. Conclusions The mobile populations with original occupations of aquaculture and husbandry were the key for the surveillance of source of S. japonicum infections. The health education should be intensified to improve the awareness of schistosomiasis prevention and control knowledge among mobile populations.

A 16-year-old "female" patient presented as hypertension,hypokalemia,male pseudohermaphroditism,lowered gonadal steroids and cortisol,elevated adre nocorticotropic hormone and pituitary gonadotropin,and 46 XY karyotype.The pat ient was diagnosed as 17?-hydroxylase deficiency,a rare case of congenital ad r enal hyperplasia."She" chose to remain female appearance and social gender af te r negotiation with the parents.Cryptor-chidism of both inguinal canals was surgi cally removed for preventing canceration.After the surgery,a very small daily dose of dexamethasone(0.187 5 mg at bedtime)was enough to control hypertension and hypokalemia,and the therapy of conjugated estrogens(Premarin)was given t o promote the development of female characters.After 6 months of treatment,nor motension and normokalemia remained,and pubarche and mammogenesis emerged.

[Objective]To discuss the results of the GIEBEL system in high tibial osteotomy to treat varus knee.[Method]Nineteen patients with medium varus knee were selected to be treated with osteotomy.Preoperatively,the mean varus angle was 12.29?,without deformity in other department of the knee joint.The main symptom was the pain in medial department.Accurate high tibial osteotomy with GIEBEL system fixation was performed in 31 knees of these patients.Weight-bearing extremity X-ray testing,varus angle,mechanical axle and anatomical axle were marked preoperatively and postoperatively.Joint space discrepancy between lateral and medial joint,the range of motion,Lysholm assessment and objective satisfactory survey were also performed to determine the outcome of the treatment.[Result]The mean follow-up of nineteen patients was 22 months.During this period,one case of temporary common fibular nerve paralysis occurred and healed at several days.All of the osteomy interface achieved bony healing.The corrected abnormality was 12.32?.The mechanism axle of the extremity maintained as the level just after operation during the follow-up and no degeneration of the joint space aggravated.The excellent and good rate of the treatment was 89.5%,and 84.2% of the patients expressed satisfactory for the operation.No difference of the range of motion was found before and after operation,but the Lysholm score,joint space discrepancy between lateral and medial joint and varus angle were improved after the osteotomy.[Conclusion]The GIEBEL system can fixate the bony interface of the high tibial osteotomy effectively,and possess the advantages of minimal invasion,stronger intensity and higher healing rate.

Objective To explore the influence on college students' contrast sensitivity how dual N-back working memory training task based on Gabor,and to provide new training method for improving the contrast sensitivity.Methods 42 college students were randomly divided into three groups:a control group (17 students) ; a working memory training group (13 students) ; and a Gabor orientation training group (12 students).The control group received no training,while the working memory training group and the Gabor orientation training group received N-back working memory training and Gabor training,respectively,over three weeks (5 days a week,approx.half an hour per day).The above-mentioned two training methods performed with the same visual stimulus,i.e.,the Gabor patch with a fixed spatial frequency and contrast.The contrast sensitivity of the 42 students was measured and recorded using OPTEC6500 before and after training.Results In the working memory training group,a salient gain in contrast sensitivity was observed after the training (before:(1.48 ± 0.26) log,after:(1.87 ± 0.13)log),with a statistically significant difference (t =-6.20,P ＜ 0.05),while both the Gabor orientation training group (before:(1.75 ± 0.19) log,after:(1.68 ± 0.30) log) and the control group (before:(1.67 ±0.25) log,after:(1.61 ± 0.26) log)) showed no statistically significant difference (P ＞ 0.05) in terms of contrast sensitivity.Conclusion N-back working memory training shows a positive effect on improving contrast sensitivity in Gabor identification training,and can be used as a means to improve contrast sensitivity.

The expression of TF-1 cell apoptosis-related gene 19 (TFAR19), a novel apoptosis-related protein, in the thyroid tissues of Hashimoto′s thyroiditis (HT) was investigated. TFAR19 expression was barely detectable in normal thyroid tissues, whereas positive expression was found in the thyrocytes of HT patients. The results suggested that the activation of TFAR19 apoptosis pathway may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HT.

BACKGROUND:Because of the special and complicated biological characteristics of oocytes, the suitable cyropreservation technology for oocytes faces more various chalenges. However, the uneven survival rate and fertilization, damages of developmental potential of the thawed oocyte stil exist. OBJECTIVE:To introduce the progress in basic and application researches of oocyte cryopreservation technology, and to iluminate the technical defects and thoughts and possible research points to overcome these problems. METHODS: A computer-based search of CNKI and PubMed was performed for articles concerning oocyte cryopreservation from January 2004 to October 2014. The search terms were oocyte, cryopreservation, vitrification in Chinese and English, respectively. The old and repeated articles were excluded. Finaly, 41 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The cryopreservation of oocytes by slow freezing and vitrification has been used in clinic. At the same time, the uneven survival and fertilization rate, damaged developmental potential of the thawed oocyte stil puzzle the clinicians. The key point to breakthrough or improvement of oocyte cryopreservation technology is the systematization of the protocol for oocylte cryopreservation, for example, the choice of cryoprotective agents, the development of carriers for oocytes, and the determination of oocyte stage. Furthermore, other related technologies should also be considered, including thein vitro mature technology of oocytes, cryopreservation and transplantation of ovary tissues.

Thalidomide and its analogues ( lenalidomide and po-malidomide) are small glutamic acid derivatives with strong im- ＜br> munomodulatory effects, belonging to immunomodulatory drug ( IMiD ) class . In addition , these thalidomide analogues demon- ＜br> strate an overlapping and diverse range of biological activities, including anti-angiogenesis and anti-teratogenicity. Importantly, the IMiDs exert anticancer effects such as inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and promoting tumor cell apoptosis and play impor-tant roles especially in clinical treatment of multiple myeloma. Recently, the screening and discovery of thalidomide binding protein, CRBN provides new clues to the research of its pharma-cological mechanisms and the develop ment of new generation of ＜br> thalidomide derivatives with less toxic side effects and more anti-tumor potency. This review briefly discusses the underlying mechanism of thalidomide and their derivatives’ action and their new identified target, as well as their contribution to the treat-ment of multiple myeloma.

Objective:To investigate whether ghrelin, a novel endogenous ligand of growth hormone secretagogue receptor ( GHS-R) , was expressed in the thyroid tissues of different thyroid diseases, and its implication. Methods:The paraffin-embedded specimens of thyroid tissues from 2000 to 2004 were obtained from 57 patients with different thyroid diseases, including 5 subacute thyroiditis, 8 Hashimoto' s thyroiditis, 7 hyperthyroidism (Graves disease) , 8 nodular goiter, 5 thyroid adenoma, 3 thyroid lympho-ma, 8 papillary carcinoma, 3 follicular carcinoma, 5 medullary carcinoma and 5 undifferentiated carcinoma cases. The specimens of normal peri-adenoma thyroid tissues served as controls. Immunohistochemi-cal staining was used to detect ghrelin expression. Results:(1) ghrelin expression was undetectable in the thyroid tissues of normal control, subacute thyroiditis, Hashimoto' s thyroiditis and Graves disease. (2) ghrelin expression was also undetected in the tissues of nodular goiter, thyroid adenoma and thyroid lymphoma. (3 ) ghrelin-positive staining was found in the tumor cells of different types of thyroid carcin-moma. Five cases were positive within 8 cases in papillary carcinoma, 2 cases were positive within 3 cases in follicular carcinoma, 3 cases were positive within 5 cases in medullary carcinoma, 3 cases were positive within 5 cases in undifferentiated carcinoma. Conclusion:Ghrelin is expressed in malignant epithelial thyroid neoplasmas, but not in autoimmune or inflammatory thyroid diseases and benign nodular thyroid diseases. The results indicate that ghrelin expression may play an important role in the occurrence and development of thyroid carcinoma.